Table Of ContentMineral Optics
A SerieosfB ooksi n Geology
EDITORS:J ames GialnldAu .l y 0. Woodford
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MineraOlp tics
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PRINCIPALNEDST ECHNIQUES
Wm.R evePllh illips
BRIGHAM YOUNG UNIVERSITY
Illustrdartaiwobnny s tahuet hor
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Preface
Thes tudoyf m ineraolp tichsa sb ecome staa ndarredq uiremfeonrts tudents
oft hee artshc iencIetsi .sa n essentpiraelr equifsoirtt ehe s tudoyf i: r:ystal
lographcyr,y stcahle mistarnyd,s olid-spthaytsei cs.
Thisw orki sd esignteodp reparset udenftosr t hes tudoyf r ockisn t hin
section p(eit.reo.g,r aphTyh)e. e lementaprryi ncipolfec sr ystoaplt icasr e
presentteodf orftnh eb asiosf a practiacpaplr oactho t hei dentificaotfi on
mineralisn,f ragmenatnsd t hins ectiobnys m,e anso ft hes tandapredt ro
graphmiicc roscoFpoer.a fululn derstanodfit nhgem ateritahles tudesnhto uld
havea backgrouknndo wledogfet rigonomemtirnye,r alo(gcyr ystallography),
andt hee lementaprhyy siocfsl ighHti.g hltyh eoretaiscpaelc otfso ptiscusc h
ast hosree quiring distinctwiaovne p baetthawsne dew na ven ormalbse,t ween
primary saencdo ndaorpyt iacx esa,n d betwreaeynv elocity suarnfdwa acvees
velocistuyr facaersed eliberadtee-leym phasiozree dn tirely avaosit dheedy,
areo fl ittulseei nt hep ractipcraolb leomf m ineriadle ntificaRtaiyov ne.l ocity
surfacaerse d erived from ovbisseuravla tiaonndsa rer egardaesdr eaplh e
nomenaf;r omt her ayv elocity sutrhfeas cteasn,d ard indiwchaitcrhii sax n,
imaginarreyf eresnucref aciesd, e rivfeodru sei nr epresenrteianplgh enomena.
No otherre feresnucref acreesa,ol r i maginaarrye,c onsidered.
Thel asfto urch.a pteorfst hibso oka rec oncernweidt hth ec onstrucatnido n
useo ft heu niversstaalg e-ainn strumtehnatit s e asiulnyd erstoboyds tudents
andw elslu itetdot heir usteh el ianb oratoMroys.tp etrograplhaibco ratories,
vi Preface
teachionrgr esearacrhe,n ow equippewdi tho neo rm oreu niverssatla ges.
Thisv aluabilnes trumehnatsp roveeds sentfioartl h ea ccuramteea surement
of2 Va ndo pticoarli entatiitoi nsi, n dispensfaobrlt ew innisntgu diaensd
petrofabraincdls e,a dtso m orea ccuradties tinctoifov nasr ietoifet s. hfeel d
sparpsy,r oxeneasm,p hiboloelsi,v inaensd,o thecro mplemxi neraglr oups.
Thet exit sw ella daptetdo a fifteen-w(eie.ke s.e,m estecro)u rsoef t wo
lecturaensdt wo laborapteorriyo pdesr w eeko rt oa ten-we(eik. eq.u,a rter)
coursoef t hrelee cturaensd t wol aboratopreyr iodpse rw eek.F orb riefer
coursoense m ayw isht oe xclucdeer tacihna pters.
Forr outinmei neraild entifictahtiivsoo nl umeo ft heorayn dt echniques
shoulbde u sedi nc losaes sociatwiiotnho neo fs everraelf erewnocrek st hat
inclutdaeb leosfo pticcaoln stanatnsd o pticdaels criptoifoc nosm monm in
eralSsu.c hr eferenwcoer ksa rea vailaboln es everlaelv eolfsc omplexity
fromt hed etailveodl umeosf D eerH,o wiea,n dZ ussmatno t he" barnee ces
sityt"a bleosf L arseann d BermanS.i milatra bleosf opticcaoln stanotfs
inorgancihce miccaolm pou11dasr ea vailaibnlt eh eb ooksl istoend p age2 44.
The writeirsi ndebtteodc olleagauneds friefnodrss u ggestiaonnds e n
couragement.
WM. REVELPLH ILLIPS
Januar1y9 71
I
Contents
1.ElementaCroyn ceptofsL ight 1
TheN aturoef L ight
LighAts a TransverWsaev eP henomenon 3
Indeoxf R efractionI O
PolarizLeidg ht 13
2.TheP etrograpMhiiccr oscope17
HistoriDceavle lopment1 7
Functioann dC onstructio1n8
Accessortioet sh eP etrograpMhiiccr oscope3 9
PropeUrs eo ft heM icroscope4 1
Adjustmeonftt heM icroscope4 2
3.Refractometr4y7
GeneraPlr inciple4s7
ImmersioLni quids 59
viii Contents
4.IsotropismI soatnrdo Mpeidci a 69
TheN aturoef I sotropism6 9
IsotroMpiince raalnsd t heP etrograpMhiiccr oscope7 0
5.OpticCarly stallogorfaU pnhiya xiCarly stals75
UniaxiAanli sotropis7m5
UniaxiRaaly V elociStuyr faces 79
TheU niaxiIanld icatri8x2
TheN icoPlr ism 86
6.UniaxiCarly st�alnsdt heP etrograMpihcicr oscope89
InterferCeonlcoer asn dB irefringen8c9e
UniaxiIanlt erferFeingcuer es 103
Indeoxf R efraction1 14
Colora nd Pleochroi1s1m5
CrystOarli entatioJn1 6
7.O ptical CrystalolfBo igarxaipCahrlyy stals121
BiaxiAanli sotropis1m2 1
TheB iaxiIanld icatri1x2 1
BiaxiRaaly V elociStuyr faces1 29
8.BiaxiCarly staalnsdt heP etfog�a.pMhiiccr oscop1e3-5
InterferCeonlcoer asn dB irefringen1c3e5
BiaxiIanlt erferFeingcuer es 136'
Indeoxf R efraction1 58
Coloarn dP leochroism1 59
CrystOarli entatio1n5 9
9.TheU niverSstaalg e 171
Functiaonnd C onstructio1n7 1
Mountinagn dA djustingU ntihvee rsSatla ge 177
GraphicRaelp resentaotfiM oena surements 179
Contents ix
10.Applicatoifot nh eU niversSatla gteo U niaxiCarly stal1s91
DistinguisUhniinagx iaanld B iaxiMailn erals 191
OrientatoifoU nn iaxiCarly stals1 93
CleavagSet udies 196
TwinninSgt udies 197
Distinguishing CMairbnoenraaitlnesT hinS ection 201
11.Applicatoifot nh eU niversSatla gteo B·i axiMailn eral2s0 5
OrientatoifoB ni axiMailn erals 205
RelationsBheitpwse eOnp ticaanld C rystallogrDaiprheicct ions2 10
CleavagSet udies 215
TwinninSgt udies 215
FeldspSatru dies 222
12.Preparatoifot nh eS ample 231
MineraFlr agments 231
RockT hinS ections2 32
References2 37
Index 245
