Table Of Content~" .
Special Publication No.3 ~.. '41~ ~.
.'" .
of the Society for Geology
.~ ~ .~~
Applied to Mineral Deposits
------------------------------
Salt miners at work
in the Diirrnberg-Hallein mine (1756)
(see also comment on copyright page)
Mineral Deposits
of the Alps
and of the Alpine Epoch
in Europe
Proceedings of the Iv. ISMIDA
Berchtesgaden, October 4 -10,1981
Edited by Hans-J. Schneider
With 184 Figures
Springer-Verlag
Berlin Heidelberg New York Tokyo 1983
Professor Dr. Hans-I Schneider
Institut fUr Angewandte Geologie
Freie Universitat Berlin
WichemstraBe 16
D-1000 Berlin 33
Frontispiece: Salt miners at work in the Durrnberg-Hallein mine (1756).
Oil painting in the ancient mine office at Hallein Salzburg.
The picture was painted in 1757 by Benedict Werkstiitter (1708-1772) on
the occasion of a visit to the mine by the Prince Bishop Sigmund III. of
Salzburg on 5th of May 1756 (bottom right, corner). At the top of the
painting and on the steps are mine surveyors and a miner at work. Note
the romantic landscape painted on the wall rock.
Reproduction made possible by the kind assistance of the WESTFALIA
LUNEN Company, Lunen.
ISBN-13: 978-3-642-68990-1 e-ISBN-13: 978-3-642-68988-8
DOl: 10.1007/978-3-642-68988-8
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data. Main entry under title: Mineral
deposits of the Alps and of the Alpine epoch in Europe. (Special publication no. 3 of
the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits). Includes index. I. Mines and
mineral resources - Alps - Addresses, essays, lectures. 2. Geology, Stratigraphic -
Mesozoic -Addresses, essays,lectures. I. Schneider, H.-J. (Hans-Jochen), 1923-. II. Series:
Special publication ... of the Society for Geology Applied to Mineral Deposits; no. 3.
TN55.M57. 1983. 553'.09494'7. 83-4726.
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© by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1983.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1983
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tive laws and regulations and therefore free for general use.
2132/3130-543210
Preface
The research on mineral deposits and the exploration of new vast
resources made exceptional progress worldwide during the last decades.
At the same time, mining activity has shifted from the historical
European centres to other continents. Even though the mineral pro
duction of the Alpine province has lost its significance as compared
with other areas of the world in this century, striking ideas and theo
ries on the formation of mineral deposits originating from this domain
have stimulated lively international discussion. This may be explained
by the proximity of different peoples with varying geographical and
intellectual backgrounds meeting in the Alpine region.
Realizing this development some Italian colleagues, above all Remo
Albertini and Guiliano Perna, initiated the (first) International Sym
posium on Mineral Deposits of the Alps in 1966.
When I. ISMIDA won favorable attention, it was resolved to call
further meetings at regular intervals. A different Alpine country was
host and organizer each time. As a first summary of the historical
development, we give a short record of previous meetings:
I. ISMIDA Sept. 11-18,1966, held at Passo della Mendola/Italy
II. ISM IDA Oct. 4-6, 1971,heldatBled/Yugoslavia
III. ISMIDA Oct. 3-7, 1977, held at Leoben/ Austria
IV. ISMIDA Oct. 5-10,1981, held at Berchtesgaden/Bavaria, FRG
The present volume contains the greater number of papers pre
sented at the Fourth International Symposium on Mineral Deposits of
the Alps, held at Berchtesgaden (Bavaria), Federal Republic of Ger
many, in 1981. The various contributions represent a status review of
the progress in research concerned with genetic and economic ques
tions of mineral deposits for the past 6 years. The second part of the
title .. and of the Alpine Epoch in Europe requires special explana
tion.
Already the II. ISMIDA (1971) had shown that the interest of col
leagues working in economic geology extended far beyond the Alpine
area, as in Europe no similar symposium had ever been held. Almost
40% of the participants of the III. ISMIDA (1977) came from coun-
VI Preface
tries beyond the Alps and offered their contributions. It seemed con
sistent, therefore, to take this large European interest into considera
tion and to mention this regional extension in the subtitle.
In addition to 26 contributions on deposits of the Alps and their
geochemistry, 13 papers dealing with the formation of deposits during
the Alpine epoch in Europe and its Mediterranean realm have been
included in the present volume. However extending beyond the bound
aries of Europe, the organizers of this symposium considered it justifi
able to include two further contributions on Alpidic mineralizations
in the Mediterranean periphery of North Africa in this volume - par
ticularly since they present modem genetical conceptions of ore
forming processes from this adjacent area.
Besides the regional aspect, a further reason dictated the arrange
ment of the contributions. Compared with the previous Proceedings,
a shift away from the main features becomes clearly visible. At the
beginning of the 1980's the description of individual deposits became
of less importance as a result of new investigations. Today we discuss
especially the relations between the formation of a deposit and "Alpine
plate tectonics" even if their geotectonic base - especially with the
complicated nappe structure of the Alps - is by no means safe for
every region. The leading topics of the former symposia, the discus
sion .of the syngenetic or epigenetic formation of a deposit, however,
seems to become more and more insignificant.
In contrast, geochemical analyses and their interpretation are gain
ing increasing importance both for genetical questions and as a tool
for exploration schemes. Therefore the papers on geochemical sub
jects were grouped under a special topic.
Since the foundation of the first ISMIDA by the Italian colleagues
in 1966, it has become a general practice to accompany the symposia
by visits to representative deposits of the hosting country. Because the
Bavarian part of the Eastern Alps is very small and, apart from the
Berchtesgaden salt mine, very poor in deposits accessible to larger
excursion groups, the field programme of the N. ISMIDA covered
mainly Austrian and Italian mines located in the middle division of
the Eastern Alps. Thanks to the helpful cooperation of the Austrian,
Bavarian, and Italian colleagues and mining companies, 8 excursions
with total of more than 200 participants could be carried out.
The N. ISMIDA has been maintained by the Society for Geology
Applied to Mineral Deposits (SGA), the Fachsektion Lagerstlittenfor
schung (FSL) of the Gesellschaft Deutscher Metallhiitten-und Berg
leute (GDMB), and the Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, MUnchen,
which delegated the Organizing Committee and the Technical Com
mittee. Initial support was guaranteed by the Deutsche Forschungsge
meinschaft, Bonn, and the Bayerisches Staatsministerium fUr Unter
richt und Kultus, MUnchen, which is thankful acknowledged.
Preface VII
The symposium took place under the patronage of the Bavarian
State Minister for Economics and Transport, Mr. Anton Jaumann,
who headed the Committee of Honour.
Generous financial support by the late Prof. Dr .-Ing. Albert
Maucher, the always stimulating advocate of new ideas on the genesis
of Alpine ore deposits, rendered the puplication of the Proceedings in
this more generous guise possible. The SGA accepted the volume in its
series of Special Publications. Thanks to the efforts of the Springer
Verlag it is now published in this proper presentation.
Last but not least I wish to express my sincere thanks to my friends
Hansjust W. Walther and Helmut Vidal who together with me were
responsible for the exciting preparation and management of the sym
posium, and to all members of the Technical Committee, the staff of
the Congress Center at Berchtesgaden, and the members of my insti
tute in West Berlin. They all made a successful realization of the IV.
ISMIDA possible.
During the meeting of the national delegates at Berchtesgaden the
French colleagues proposed organizing the next ISMIDA in France.
In the meantime an invitation has been offered by the B.R.G.M.,
Orleans, for the V. ISMIDA to be held at Grenoble in 1987. This
initiative shows clearly that the ISMIDA will develop very lifely by
the desire of the European geologists for a familiar international meet
ing even without a great international holding organization. In this
sense I wish this really European symposium a long and productive
live.
Berlin, April 1983 Hans-J. Schneider
Committee of Honour
Anton Jaumann
Bayerischer Staatsminister ftir Wirtschaft und Verkehr, MUnchen
Dipl.-Ing. Gerhard Jungk, Vorstandsrnitglied
Bayerische Berg-, HUtten-und Salzwerke AG, MUnchen
Prof. Dr.-Ing. Albert Maucher, MUnchent
Prof. Dr. Heinz Meixner, Salzburgt
Berghauptmann
Dipl.-Ing. Mag. jur. Franz Prezelj, Salzburg
Priisident Prof. Dr. Helmut Vidal
Bayerisches Geologisches Landesamt, MUnchen
Priisident Dr .-Ing. Wolfgang Waldner
Bayerisches Oberbergamt, MUnchen
Organizing Committee
Prof. Dr. Hans-J. Schneider, Berlin
Prof. Dr. H. Vidal, MUnchen
Prof. Dr. H.W. Walther, Hannover
Technical Committee
Dipl.-Ing. Herbert Aly,.Clausthal-Zellerfeld
Bergwerksdirektor
Dr .-Ing. Peter Ambatiello, Berchtesgaden
Prof. Dr. Luciano Brigo, Milano
Prof. Dr. Rudolf Holl, MUnchen
Prof. Dr. Paul Ney, Koln
Prof. Dr. Paolo Omenetto, Padova
Prof. Dr. Hans-Jochen Schneider (Chairman), Berlin
Prof. Dr. Helmut Vidal, MUnchen
Prof. Dr. H.W. Walther, Hannover
Contents
Generalia
W.F. Waldner
Salt Mining and Trading in the Berchtesgaden and Salzburg Area.
An Introduction to the Historical Background of the Congress
Site (With 1 Figure). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 1
T. Finlow-Bates and S.E. Tischler
Controls on Alpidic Mineralization Styles (With 4 Figures) . . . .. 7
O. Schulz
Recent Results and Critical Considerations of the Eastern Alpine
Metallogenesis (With 5 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 19
Mineral Deposits of the Alpine Realm
A. Ferrario, G. Garuti, A. Rossi, and G.P. Sighinolfi
Petrographic and Metallogenic Outlines of the "La Balma-M. Capio"
Ultramafic-Mafic Body (Ivrea-Verbano Basic Complex, NW Italian
Alps) (With 4 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 28
L. Brigo and P. Omenetto
Scheelite-Bearing Occurrences in the Italian Alps: Geotectonic
and Lithostratigraphic Setting (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . .. 41
J.G. Haditsch and H. Mostler
The Succession of Ore Mineralization of the Lower Austroalpine
Innsbruck Quartzphyllite (With 2 Figures) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 51
H. Wopfner, S. Griesecke, J. Koch, and H. Fels
New Aspects on Metal Deposits of the Groeden Sandstone
(South Tyrol, Italy) (With 4 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 60
W. Klau and H. Mostler
Zn-Pb-F Mineralization in Middle Permian of Tregiovo (Province
of Bozen/Trient, Italy) (With 6 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 70
XII Contents
L. Weber
The Stratifonn Lead-Zinc Mineralisation of the "Paleozoic of
Graz" (Styria, Austria) (With 3 Figures). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 81
M. Drovenik
Mineral Deposits in Permian and Triassic Beds of Slovenia
(Yugoslavia)(With 3 Figures) ........................ , 88
G. Niedennayr, A. Beran, and E. Scheriau-Niedennayr
Magnesite in Pennian and Scythian Series of the Eastern Alps,
Austria, and Its Petrogenetic Significance (With 1 Figure) . . . . .. 97
G. Morteani, F. Schley, and P. Moller
On the Fonnation of Magnesite (With 4 Figures) ............ 105
S.Th. Schmidt and G.C. Amstutz
Mineralogical Investigations of Strata-Bound Pb-Zn-Ba
Occurrences in the Triassic of the Central Alps (Switzerland)
(With 5 Figures) . . . .............................. 117
J. Feraud
Ore Veins Linked to Old Emersion Surfaces in the Crystalline
Basement of Provence and of the External Belt of the
French-Italian Alps (With 1 Figure) ..................... 128
J.H. Ziegler
Eocene Iron Ore Deposits at the Northern Welt of the
Bavarian Alps (With 4 Figures) ........................ 136
P. Ambatiello and P. Ney
The Berchtesgaden Salt Mine (With 7 Figures) .............. 146
V. Rudert
Hydraulic Lime from Marienstein (Bavaria) (With 6 Figures) .... 155
Geochemistry of Alpine Mineral Deposits
V. Koppel
Summary of Lead Isotope Data from Ore Deposits of the
Eastern and Southern Alps: Some Metallogenetic and
Geotectonic Implications (With 2 Figures) ................ 162
E. Schroll and E. Pak
Sulfur Isotope Investigations of Ore Mineralizations of the
Eastern Alps (With 4 Figures) ......... " ............ 169
T. Dolenec, J. Ku~ej, and J. Pezdi~
The Isotopic Composition of Oxygen and Carbon in Lead and
Zinc Deposits from Northern Karavanke (With 9 Figures) ...... 176
