Mind-Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions (Treatise on Mind and Society) (Oxford Series on Cognitive Models and Architectures)

485 Pages·2019·12.095 MB·English

by  Paul Thagard

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Mind–S ociety
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OXFORD SERIES ON
COGNITIVE MODELS AND ARCHITECTURES
Series Editor
Frank E. Ritter
Series Board
Rich Carlson
Gary Cottrell
Robert L. Goldstone
Eva Hudlicka
William G. Kennedy
Pat Langley
Robert St. Amant
Integrated Models of Cognitive Systems
Edited by Wayne D. Gray
In Order to Learn: How the Sequence of Topics Influences Learning
Edited by Frank E. Ritter, Joseph Nerb, Erno Lehtinen, and Timothy O’Shea
How Can the Human Mind Occur in the Physical Universe?
By John R. Anderson
Principles of Synthetic Intelligence PSI: An Architecture of Motivated Cognition
By Joscha Bach
The Multitasking Mind
By David D. Salvucci and Niels A. Taatgen
How to Build a Brain: A Neural Architecture for Biological Cognition
By Chris Eliasmith
Minding Norms: Mechanisms and Dynamics of Social Order in Agent Societies
Edited by Rosaria Conte, Giulia Andrighetto, and Marco Campennì
Social Emotions in Nature and Artifact
Edited by Jonathan Gratch and Stacy Marsella
Anatomy of the Mind: Exploring Psychological Mechanisms and Processes
with the Clarion Cognitive Architecture
By Ron Sun
Exploring Robotic Minds: Actions, Symbols, and Consciousness
as Self- Organizing Dynamic Phenomena
By Jun Tani
Brain– Mind: From Neurons to Consciousness and Creativity
By Paul Thagard
Mind– Society: From Brains to Social Sciences and Professions
By Paul Thagard
Natural Philosophy: From Social Brains to Knowledge, Reality, Morality, and Beauty
By Paul Thagard
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Mind– Society
From Brains to social sciences and Pro Fessions
Paul Thagard

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Names: Thagard, Paul, author.
Title: Mind-society : from brains to social sciences
and professions / Paul Thagard.
Description: New York, NY : Oxford University Press, [2019] |
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2018033235 | ISBN 9780190678722
Subjects: LCSH: Social sciences and psychology. | Cognitive neuroscience.
Classification: LCC BF57. T534 2019 | DDC 150—dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2018033235
9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed by Sheridan Books, Inc., United States of America
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To John Holmes and Bob McCauley, good friends and social minds.
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Contents
List of Illustrations xiii
Foreword xv
Preface xix
Acknowledgments xxi
Part I | Mechanisms
1. Explaining Social Change 3
Social Change 3
Explanatory Styles 6
Mental, Neural, and Social Mechanisms 9
Emergence 11
The Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 15
Applications 16
Summary and Discussion 19
Notes 20
Project 21
2. Mental Mechanisms 22
Cognition and Emotion 22
Brains and Semantic Pointers 23
Images 27
Concepts 29
Beliefs 31
Rules 32
Analogies 34
Emotions 35
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Mapping Values 37
Inference and Coherence 40
Emotion- Driven Inferences 42
Summary and Discussion 43
Notes 46
Project 47
3. Social Mechanisms 48
Social Mechanisms and Communication 48
What Are Social Mechanisms? 51
Structural Connections 54
Social Interactions 55
Verbal Communication 57
Nonverbal Communication 59
Interagent Inference 61
Social Mechanisms for Spreading Emotions 62
Multilevel Explanations 65
Change and Emergence 67
Summary and Discussion 70
Notes 74
Project 75
Part II | Social Sciences
4. Social Psychology: Romantic Relationships 79
Relationships Matter 79
Social Cognition and Microsociology 80
Mechanisms in Relationships 81
Murray and Holmes on Interdependent Minds 82
Romantic Relationships: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 83
Trust and Commitment 92
Love 94
Romantic Interactions 96
Contrast with Gottman 98
Relationship Success and Failure 100
Does the Heart Want What It Wants? 102
Summary and Discussion 103
Notes 105
Project 106
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Contents ix
5. Sociology: Prejudice and Discrimination 107
Discrimination and Prejudice 107
Stereotypes 109
Women: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 110
Jews: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 117
Social Norms and Institutions 123
Overcoming Prejudice 127
Conceptual Change 131
Summary and Discussion 133
Notes 135
Project 136
6. Politics: Ideology 137
Political Change 137
Political Mechanisms 138
Ideology: Three- Analysis 139
Ideology: Value Maps 141
Ideological Change 142
The Islamic State: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 144
Power 164
Summary and Discussion 167
Notes 170
Project 172
7. Economics: Bubbles and Crashes 173
Beyond Animal Spirits 173
Economic Decisions 175
Booms and Bubbles: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 178
Panics and Crashes: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 188
Mindful Economics 193
Reflexivity 196
Summary and Discussion 197
Notes 199
Project 200
8. Anthropology: Religion 201
Cultures 201
Religion 202
The Latter-D ay Saint Religion: Social Cognitive- Emotional Workup 204