Military Advising and Assistance: From Mercenaries to Privatization, 1815-2007

280 Pages·2008·1.22 MB·English

by  Donald Stoker

Military Advising and Assistance
Nations seeking to develop and improve their military forces have often
sought the advice of foreigners. Before 1815, military advice from abroad
generally took the form of mercenaries, slaves, and former enemy troops
pressed into service. However, with the rise of the modern nation state, the
advent of the industrial revolution, and the accompanying professionaliza-
tion of armies and governments, nations desiring military modernization
and improvement began seeking more formal, professional advice to develop
their military forces.
This edited volume presents a number of historical case studies of mili-
tary advisors and/or their missions in order to provide clear examples of the
functioning, motives, and evolution of foreign military and naval advising in
the modern era. These are intended to show the evolution of foreign military
advising from ill-organized mercenary units, to professional, government-
sponsored teams driven by a desire to cultivate political and economic influ-
ence, to Cold War tools for pursuing ideological aims, nation building, and
modernization, to post-Cold War elements of alliance integration. Finally,
this book highlights the increasing present-day role of private corporations,
some of which provide complete military forces, thereby bringing the evolu-
tion of foreign military advising full circle.
This book will be of interest to students of military history, civil–
military relations, peacekeeping, security studies, and political science in
general.
Donald Stoker is Professor of Strategy and Policy for the US Naval War
College’s Monterey Program. He is the author of Britain, France, and the
Naval Arms Trade in the Baltic, 1919–1939: Grand Strategy and Failure
(2003).
Cass military studies
Intelligence Activities in Ancient West Point Remembers the 1991
Rome Gulf War
Trust in the gods, but verify Edited by Frederick Kagan and
Rose Mary Sheldon ChristianKubik
Clausewitz and African War Khedive Ismail’s Army
Politics and strategy in Liberia and John Dunn
Somalia
Isabelle Duyvesteyn Yugoslav Military Industry
1918–1991
Strategy and Politics in the Middle Amadeo Watkins
East, 1954–60
Defending the northern tier Corporal Hitler and the Great War
Michael Cohen 1914–1918
The list regiment
The Cuban Intervention in Angola, John Williams
1965–1991
From Che Guevara to Cuito Cuanavale Rostóv in the Russian Civil War,
Edward George 1917–1920
The key to victory
Military Leadership in the British Brian Murphy
Civil Wars, 1642–1651
‘The genius of this age’ The Tet Effect, Intelligence and the
Stanley Carpenter Public Perception of War
Jake Blood
Israel’s Reprisal Policy, 1953–1956
The dynamics of military retaliation The US Military Profession into the
Ze’ev Drory 21st Century
War, peace and politics
Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Edited by Sam C. Sarkesian and
Second World War Robert E. Connor, Jr.
Leaders in war
Enver Redzic
Civil–Military Relations in Europe Cultural Diversity in the Armed
Learning from crisis and institutional Forces
change An international comparison
Edited by Hans Born, Marina Caparini, Edited by Joseph Soeters and
Karl Haltiner and Jürgen Kuhlmann Jan van der Meulen
Strategic Culture and Ways of War Railways and the Russo-Japanese
Lawrence Sondhaus War
Transporting war
Military Unionism in the Post-Cold Felix Patrikeeff and Harold Shukman
War Era
A future reality? War and Media Operations
Edited by Richard Bartle and The US military and the press from
Lindy Heinecken Vietnam to Iraq
Thomas Rid
Warriors and Politicians
U.S. civil–military relations under stress Ancient China on Postmodern War
Charles A. Stevenson Enduring ideas from the Chinese
strategic tradition
Military Honour and the Conduct of Thomas Kane
War
From ancient Greece to Iraq Special Forces, Terrorism and
Paul Robinson Strategy
Warfare by other means
Military Industry and Regional Alastair Finlan
Defense Policy
India, Iraq and Israel Imperial Defence, 1856–1956
Timothy D. Hoyt The old world order
Greg Kennedy
Managing Defence in a Democracy
Edited by Laura R. Cleary and Civil–Military Cooperation in Post-
Teri McConville Conflict Operations
Emerging theory and practice
Gender and the Military Christopher Ankersen
Women in the armed forces of western
democracies Military Advising and Assistance
Helena Carreiras From mercenaries to privatization,
1815–2007
Social Sciences and the Military Edited by Donald Stoker
An interdisciplinary overview
Edited by Giuseppe Caforio

Military Advising and
Assistance
From mercenaries to privatization,
1815–2007
Edited by Donald Stoker
First published 2008
by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
270 Madison Ave, New York, NY 10016
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2007.
“To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s
collection of thousands of eBooks please go to www.eBookstore.tandf.co.uk.”
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2008 Selection and editorial matter, Donald Stoker; individual
chapters, the contributors
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or
reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical,
or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or
retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
A catalog record for this book has been requested
ISBN 0-203-93871-2 Master e-book ISBN
ISBN10: 0-415-77015-7 (hbk)
ISBN10: 0-203-93871-2 (ebk)
ISBN13: 978-0-415-77015-6 (hbk)
ISBN13: 978-0-203-93871-3 (ebk)
To Colonel Theodore S. Westhusing
Soldier, Scholar

Contents
List of contributors xi
1 The history and evolution of foreign military
advising and assistance, 1815–2007 1
DONALD STOKER
2 Missions or mercenaries? European military advisors
in Mehmed Ali’s Egypt, 1815–1848 11
JOHN P. DUNN
3 The impact of foreign advisors on Chile’s armed
forces, 1810–2005 26
WILLIAM F. SATER
4 Buying influence, selling arms, undermining a friend:
the French naval mission to Poland and the
development of the Polish Navy, 1923–1932 42
DONALD STOKER
5 Uneasy intelligence collaboration, genuine ill will,
with an admixture of ideology: the British Military
Mission to the Soviet Union, 1941–1945 61
ALARIC SEARLE
6 American advisors to the Republic of Korea:
America’s first commitment in the Cold War,
1946–1950 81
BRYAN R. GIBBY