Table Of ContentMicrowave and Radar
Engineering
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Microwave and Radar
Engineering
Gottapu Sasi Bhushana Rao
Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering
Andhra University Engineering College
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh
Chennai• Delhi
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Copyright © 2014 Dorling Kindersley (India) Pvt. Ltd.
Licensees of Pearson Education in South Asia
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ISBN 978 8131799444
eISBN 9789332540637
(cid:3)
Head Office: 7th Floor, Knowledge Boulevard, A-8(A), Sector 62, Noida 201 309, UP, India
Registered Office: 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi 110 017, India
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To my wife, son, daughter and son-in-law:
Smt. K. V. Ratnam
Gottapu Santosh Kumar
Gottapu Prashanti
Marpina Naveen Kumar
To my mother and brothers:
Smt. Gottapu Parvatamma
Gottapu Chinnam Naidu
Gottapu Satyannarayana
Gottapu Krishna Murthy
In fond memory of my father and grandfather:
Gottapu Appala Naidu
Gottapu Chinnam Naidu
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About the Author
Prof. Gottapu Sasi Bhushana Rao is Professor and Head of the Department
of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Andhra University College
of Engineering, Visakhapatnam, India. A seasoned academician with 30 years
of R&D, industrial and teaching experience, he has published 300 research
papers in various journals of international and national repute and participated
in scholastic conferences. He is a senior member of IEEE, fellow of IETE,
member of IEEE Communication Society, Indian Geophysical Union (IGU)
and International Global Navigation Satellite System (IGNSS), Australia. He
is also the chartered engineer for IETE.
Prof. Rao was also the Indian member in the International Civil Aviation
organization (ICAO), Canada Working Group for developing the SARPS. His
current research areas include cellular and mobile communication, GPS and microwave engineering. A
recipient of the Best Researcher Award and Dr Survepalli Radhakrishnan Award for Best Academician, he
is the Chief Editor of Journal of Communication, Navigation and Signal Processing, Andhra University
College of Engineering. He is also an editorial member of International Journal of Positioning (POS),
Scientific Research Publishing (USA), Journals of Scientific and Academic Publishing (USA) and
International Journal of Electrical and Electronic Engineering and Telecommunications (IJEETC).
He has authored three books Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSSs), McGraw Hill; Mobile and
Cellular Communications, Pearson Education; and Electromagnetic Field Theory and Transmission
Lines, John-Wiley; and guided ten students to their PhD degrees.
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Brief Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
List of Symbols xxvii
1. Vector Analysis 1.1
2. Review of Maxwell’s Equations and EM Wave Characteristics 2.1
3. Review of Transmission Lines 3.1
4. Introduction to Microwave Engineering 4.1
5. Waveguides 5.1
6. Waveguide Components 6.1
7. Scattering Matrix for Waveguide Components 7.1
8. Microwave Tubes 8.1
9. Microwave Solid-state Devices 9.1
10. Monolithic Microwave Integrated Circuits 10.1
11. Microwave Measurements 11.1
12. Introduction to Radars 12.1
13. CW Radar, FMCW Radar, and Pulse Radar 13.1
14. MTI and Pulse Doppler Radars 14.1
15. Tracking Radars 15.1
16. Detection of Signals in Noise and Radar Receivers 16.1
17. Microwave Experiments 17.1
Appendix A Glossary of Terms A.1
Appendix B The Decibel [dB] B.1
Appendix C Doppler Frequency Shift C.1
Appendix D Physical Constants, Factors for Converting Measurements,
and Measurement Unit Prefixes D.1
Appendix E Manley-Rowe Relations E.1
Abbreviations F.1
Bibliography G.1
Index H.1
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Contents
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxv
List of Symbols xxvii
1 Vector Analysis 1.1
1.1 Introduction 1.1
1.2 Scalar and Vector 1.1
1.2.1 Scalar Field 1.1
1.2.2 Vector Field 1.2
1.2.3 Unit Vector 1.2
1.3 Vector Algebra 1.3
1.3.1 Vector Addition and Vector Subtraction 1.3
1.3.2 Position and Distance Vectors 1.4
1.3.3 Vector Multiplication 1.5
1.4 Coordinate Systems 1.6
1.4.1 Cartesian Coordinate System 1.6
1.4.2 Cylindrical Coordinate System 1.11
1.4.3 Spherical Coordinate System 1.15
1.4.4 Conversion of Vector between the Coordinate Systems 1.17
1.5 Vector Calculus 1.18
1.5.1 Differential Length, Area and Volume 1.18
1.5.2 Line, Surface and Volume Integrals 1.19
1.5.3 Del Operator ∇ 1.21
1.5.4 Gradient of a Scalar Field 1.21
1.5.5 Divergence of a Vector Field 1.22
1.5.6 Divergence Theorem 1.23
1.5.7 Curl of a Vector Field 1.23
1.5.8 Stokes’s Theorem 1.25
1.5.9 Laplacian of a Scalar 1.26
Summary 1.27
Objective-type Questions 1.30
Answers to Objective-type Questions 1.31
Review Questions 1.31
2 Review of Maxwell’s Equations and EM Wave Characteristics 2.1
2.1 Introduction 2.1
2.2 Faraday’s Law of Induction 2.2
2.3 Transformer EMF 2.5
2.4 Inconsistency of Ampere’s Law 2.6
2.5 Displacement Current Density and Proof of Modifi ed Ampere’s
Law 2.6
2.5.1 Example of Displacement Current 2.8
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