Table Of ContentMicroscopic Structure
and Dynamics of Liquids
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Leidcn
Microscopic Structure
and Dynamics of Liquids
Edited by
1. Dupuy
Universite Claude Bernard
Villeurbanne, France
and
A.1. Dianoux
Institut Laue-Langevin
Grenoble, France
PLENUM PRESS. NEW YORK AND LONDON
Published in cooperation with NATO Scientific Affairs Division
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
Nato Advanced Study Institute, Corsica, France, 1977.
Microscopic structure and dynamics of liquids.
(Nato advanced study institute series: Series B, Physics; 33)
"Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Corsica, France, Sep
tember, 1977."
Includes index.
1. Liquids-Congresses. 2. Fluid dynamics-Congresses. 3. Microstructure-Con
gresses. I. Dupuy, Josette. II. Dianoux, A. J. III. Title. IV. Series.
QC138.NI8 1977 530.4'2 784197
TSBN-13: 978-1-4684-0861-4 e-TSBN-13: 978-1-4684-0859-1
DOT: 10.1007/978-1-4684-0859-1
Proceedings of a NATO Advanced Study Institute held in Corsica,
France, September, 1977
© 1978 Plenum Press, New York
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1978
A Division of Plenum Publishing Corporation
227 West 17th Street, NewYork,N.Y. 10011
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
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Preface
What did we have in mind when in May, 1976, we (Professor
de Gennes, Dr. Tourand and ourselves) thought of a Summer School
in the field of liquids? First, we wanted to present and discuss
the new results that have been obtained recently, in particular at
the high flux reactor of the Institut Laue-Langevin in Grenoble
since it became operational in 1972. In order to achieve this
goal, the major part of this Summer School was devoted to an ex
tensive presentation of the gen~ra1 concepts and methods of study
ing this state of matter (time-dependent correlation functions,
molecular dynamics, intermolecular forces, spectroscopic tech
niques ••• ) and concentrated on a few specific systems which have
seen significant development in the last few years, both theoret
ically and experimentally. These systems are the different classes
of simple liquids: metallic liquids, ionic liquids, simple molecu
lar liquids and the new field of superionic conductors (solid
electrolytes). Furthermore, we wanted to put some emphasis on a
particular research area in the field of liquids, namely critical
phenomena in fluids. This was chosen both because of our personal
interest in this field and the major theoretical advances which
have occurred in the last ten years.
We also wished that some new powerful techniques or new theo
retical approaches be presented at this School. Thus, picosecond
laser techniques, theoretical calculations on dipolar fluids, and
angular correlations in molecular liquids were the subject of
specific seminars.
However, such a Summer School could not be fruitful if we did
not hear of new results and promote scientific exchange between
the participants. This was achieved through a free poster session
and five Round Table discussions animated by specialists. We were
thus able to exchange ideas and knowledge in the various domains of
collective motions in liquids, light and neutron scattering, criti
cal phenomena in fluids, supercooled liquids and solid electrolytes.
y
vi PREFACE
We thank the lecturers, the scientific animators and the
specialists for the success they brought to this School, success
which was clearly evident through the enthusiasm of all partici
pants during these two weeks.
This Summer School is the third in the field of liquids which
has been organized in France. The first two, which were organized
in Menton by Professor Bratos, dealt essentially with the tech-
niques for studying liquids.
This Summer School is the fifth of the kind promoted by
Professor C. H. S. Dupuy (Advanced Study Institute of Material
Science). Corsica is well adapted for the particular style we
wanted to attain: a common life of two weeks at a congenial loca
tion, far from laboratories or cities.
We very much appreciate the help of those who understood the
advantages this region could offer to our School: Mr. V. Carlotti,
"Consei1ler Gem!ral," Mr. X. Carlotti, Mayor of Aleria, and Mr. M.
Angelini, Mayor of Tallone, who enabled all the participants to
feel the warm hospitality of Corsica, hospitality that we met every
day amongst the staff of the holiday village of Casabianda. Our
presence at this resort was made possible through the kindness of
Mr. H. P. Bonaldi and Mr. J. Talbert.
We wish to acknowledge the financial support of NATO and the
comprehension of Dr. Kester from its Scientific Affairs Division,
of the Region Corse, of the Institut Laue-Langevin and of the
IRF-CEA.
We thank the members of the Scientific Committee, Professors
Alder, Bratos, de Gennes, Powles, Springer, and Tosi, who had the
difficult task of deciding orientations and choices. Finally, we
thank our everyday collaborators, Dr. Chassagne, Mr. Guiraud,
Mrs. Parisot and Mrs. Giraud, for all the work they have done to
assure success of this School.
J. Dupuy
A. J. Dianoux
Contents
PART I BASIC LECTURES
Correlation Functions and Their Relationship
with Experiments ••••••• 3
J.-P. Hansen
Molecular Dynamics: Principles and Applications 69
I. R. McDonald
Interatomic and Intermolecular Forces • • • • • • • • • •• 107
A. D. Buckingham
Electronic Theory of the Thermodynamics
and Structure of Liquid Metals 153
R. Evans
Spectroscopic Methods for the Study of Local . . . . . . .
Dynamics in Polyatomic Fluids • • • 221
F. Volino
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
The Structure of Ionic Liquids 301
J. E. Enderby
Critical Phenomena in Fluids 333
P. C. Hohenberg
PART II SEMINARS
Picosecond Laser Techniques • 369
A. Laubereau and W. Kaiser
. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
On Dipolar Fluids • 381
J. J. Weis
vii
viii CONTENTS
Orientational Correlations in Molecular
Liquids • • • • • • • • • • • 403
M. D. Zeidler
PART III ROUND TABLES
A. Solid Electrolytes
P. G. de Gennes (Animator)
Fast Ion Conductors - An Introduction 415
K. Funke
. . . . . . .
Toward a Theory of Superionic Conductors 429
L. Pietronero and S. Strassler
Superionic Conductors: The Independent
Particle Model • • • • • • • 437
P. Fulde
Quasielastic Neutron Scattering from . . . . . . .
a-AgI 447
K. Funke, G. Eckold, and R. E. Lechner
Single Particle and Collective Aspects
of the Silver Ion Motion
in a-AgI • • • • • • • • 459
R. E. Lechner, G. Eckold, and K. Funke
B. Coherent Neutron Scattering • 471
J. R. D. Copley (Animator)
C. Light Scattering •• • • • • 485
J. G. Powles (Animator)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
D. Critical Phenomena •••• 491
J. G. Powles (Animator)
PART IV - INFORMAL EVENTS
. . . . . . . . .
.
A. Round Table on Supercooled Liquids 499
C. A. Angell (Convener)
. . . . . . . . . . . . . .
B. Poster Session •• • • • • 501
T. Springer (Organizer)
CONTENTS ix
CLOSING ADDRESS
Liquid State Research: Why? 507
P. G. de Gennes
Participants 515
Index • 521
Basic Lectures
