Table Of ContentMICROPROPAGATION OF WOODY TREES AND FRUITS
FORESTRY SCIENCES
Volume 75
The titles published in tlzis series are listed at the end (~l this volume.
Micropropagation of
Woody Trees and Fruits
edited by
s. Mohan Jain
International Atomic Agency,
FAO/IAEA Joint Division,
Vienlla, Austria
and
Katsuaki Ishii
Forestrv and Forest Products Research Institute,
Tsukuba, Japan
SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, B.V.
A c.I.P. Catalogue record for lhis book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN 978-94-010-3964-2 ISBN 978-94-010-0125-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-010-0125-0
Printed 011 acid-free paper
AII Rights Reserved
© 2003 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht
Origina11y published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 2003
Softeover reprint of the hardeover lst edition 2003
No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, clectronic, mechanical, phOlocopying, microfilming, recording
or otherwise. without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception
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and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work.
CONTENTS
Preface
Section A
1. Effects of light quality on micropropagation of woody species -
M. Stefano and M. Rosario 3
2. Propagation and DNA markers characterization of Populus
tremula L. and Populus alba L.- M. Angeles Bueno,
A. Gomez and J. A. Manzanera 37
3. Molecular DNA marker analysis to assess the genetic fidelity of
micropropagated woody plants - V. Rani and S.N. Raina 75
4. Micropropagation of woody trees and fruits: Pathogen elimination
and contamination management - A.C. Cassells and
E.A. O'Herlihy 103
5. Beneficial influences of Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the
micropropagation of woody and fruit trees - J. Taylor and
L.A. Harrier 129
Section B
6. Micropropagation of tropical woody species - A. P. M. Rodriguez
and W.A. Vendrame 153
7. Micropropagation of Fagus spp. - A.M. Vieitez, M.e. San-Jose,
M. e. Sanchez and A. Ballester 181
8. Micropropagation of Eucalyptus - M.P.Watt, F.C. Blakeway,
M.E.O. Mokotedi and S.M. Jain 217
9. Micropropagation ofA cacia species - M. Quoirin 245
10. In vitro propagation of Aegle marmelos (L) Corr., a medicinal tree -
S. Arumugam,A.S. Rao and M.V. Rao 269
vi
Section C
11. Micropropagation of the grapevine (Vitis spp.) -
A. Bouquet and L. Torregrosa 319
12. Micropropagation of bananas -
K. Matsumoto and S. P. da Silva Neto 353
13. Micropropagation of arid zone fruit trees ofIndia -
R. Raj Bhansali and M. Singh 381
14. Micropropagation of apples (Malus sp.) - Ph. Druart 433
15 Micropropagation of small fruits - S. C. Debnath 465
16. Micropropagation of Prunus sargentii Rehder and P. verecunda
(Koidz) Koehe - Y. Sasaki 507
17. Micropropagation of avocado (Persea americana Mill.)-
A. Barcelo-Munoz and F. Pliego-Alfaro 519
18. Micropropagation of Carica papaya and related species -
R.Drew 543
19. Micropropagation of Pistachio - A. Onay 565
20. Micropropagation of Citrus - F. Carimi and F. De Pasquale 589
2l. Micropropagation of olive (Olea europaea L.) - M. Lambardi
and E. Rugini 621
22. Micropropagation of kiwifruit (Actinidia spp.) - E. Rugini and
P. Gutierrez-Pesce 647
23. Micropropagation oftea (Camellia sinensis L.) -T. K. Mondal 671
24. Micropropagation oflitchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.)- N. Bhalla-Sarin,
U.S. Prasad, A. S. Kantharajah and S. M. Jain 721
Section D
25. Micropropagation of woody plants using bioreactor - Paek Kee
Yoeup and D. Chakrabarty 735
26. Photo autotrophic micropropagation of woody and tropical plants -
T. Kozai and Q. T. Nguyen 757
vii
27.Thin cell layer (TeL) morphogenesis as a powerful tool in woody
plant and fruit crop micropropagation and biotechnology, floral
genetics and genetic transformation - D.T. Nhut,
J.A. Teixeira da Silva, H.V. Le and K. Tran Thanh Van 783
28. Application of tissue culture to the germplasm conservation of
temperate broad-leaf trees - M. Lambardi and Anna De Carlo 8] 5
Preface
Global warming, environmental changes, water shortage, and
sustainable development are the most up-to-date issues, which have
challenged mankind. Researchers worldwide are engaged in addressing
some of these problems, including reduction in carbon dioxide
accumulation, and enrichment of perennial woody species on the
terrestrial ecosystem. About 12 million hectares of the world's forests
disappear every year. By 2025, the world population will reach 7.5
billion, and the forest area will be reduced to well below 50 % of the
current area. Reforestation is an important to prevent the loss of forest
resources including timber, biodiversity and water resources. Therefore,
subsequent volume of reforestation over the deforested land should be
followed to safeguard the forests and maintain its size, which will require
a continuous supply of planting material. Similarly fruit trees, including
tropical and subtropical fruit trees, are consumed both as fresh and in the
processed form including juices, beverages, and dried fruits. They are an
important source of nutrition e.g. rich in vitamins, sugars, aromas and
flavour compounds, and raw material for food processing industries. The
production, cultivation and maintenance of tree species provide highly
sustainable production systems that conserve soils, microenvironment
and biodiversity. Fruit trees have longjuvenile periods and large tree size.
In many fruit trees e.g. avocado and others controlled crosses are difficult
to make due to massive fruit drop. Moreover, fruit trees are faced with
agronomic and horticultural problems in terms of propagation, yield,
appearance, quality, diseases and pests control, abiotic stresses and poor
shelf life. The available genetic information in fruit crops is very limited
and their genetic improvement has relied heavily upon vegetative
propagation techniques and classical breeding. The key technology for
biomass production of trees is propagation via micropropagation.
However, there are many recalcitrant species among useful forest and
fruit trees to propagate in large numbers. Recent developments of in vitro
culture techniques have made it possible to commercially propagate
useful trees both forest and fruit trees.
In this book, comprehensive information is provided on
micropropagation of economically important forest and fruit trees, which
is usually available in scattered literatures. Topics cover a wide range,
from tropical forest and fruit trees for paper or food supply to Prunus
species for local craft bark production. This book is divided into four
sections. Section A contains five chapters on different parameters
influencing micropropagation, which are quality of light, arbuscular
mycorrhizal (AM) fungi, pathogen elimination and contamination
management, and molecular markers for genetic fidelity assessment.
ix
x
Section B has five chapters on micropropagation of tropical woody
species, Fagus spp., Euycalyptus, Acacia species, and Aegle marmelos
medicinal tree. Section C includes 14 chapters, which are dealing mainly
with micropropagation of fruit trees such as grapevine, bananas, arid zone
fruit trees of India, apples, small fruits, Prunus, avocado, papaya,
pistachio, olive, kiwifruit, tea, and litchi. Section D has four chapters
mainly on bioreactor, photoautotrophic, thin cell layer and in vitro
germplasm conservation. Even though few papers are published on litchi
micropropagation, we have deliberately included this chapter just to
remind the readers that plenty of work is still needed in most of the
commercially important tropical fruits, including litchi.
The invited authors were selected world wide from east to west.
The editors are grateful to all the contributing authors for timely
submission of their manuscripts, which made it possible to realise this
book project. We appreciate it very much that our colleagues took some
time off to review these manuscripts. We sincerely hope that our hard
work will benefit all engaged in research on forest and fruit trees.
s. Mohan Jain
K Ishii
SECTION A
