Table Of ContentAbout the Author
Soumitra Kumar Mandal obtained a BE (Electrical Engineering) from Bengal Engineering College,
Shibpur, Calcutta University, and an MTech (Electrical Engineering) with specialisation in Power Electronics
from Institute of Technology, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi. Thereafter, he obtained a PhD degree
from Punjab University, Chandigarh. He started his career as a lecturer of electrical engineering at SSGM
College of Engineering, Shegaon. Later he joined Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, as a lecturer, and
served there from March 1999 to January 2004. In February 2004, he joined National Institute of Technical
Teachers’ Training and Research, Kolkata, and is presently Associate Professor of Electrical Engineering
at this institute. Prof. Mandal is also a life member of ISTE and a member of IE. Throughout his academic
career, he has published twenty research papers in national and international journals and presented many
papers in national and international conferences. His research interests are in the field of computer-controlled
drives, microprocessor-and-microcontroller-based system design, embedded system design and neuro-fuzzy
computing.
Microprocessors
and
Microcontrollers
Soumitra Kumar Mandal
Associate Professor
National Institute of Technical Teachers’ Training and Research
Kolkata
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Contents
Preface xiii
Roadmap to the Syllabus xvii
1. Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 1.1–1.13
1.1 Introduction to Microprocessors and Microcontrollers 1.1
1.2 History of Microprocessors 1.2
1.3 Microprocessor 1.3
1.4 Microcomputer 1.4
1.5 Evolution of Microprocessors 1.5
1.6 Microprocessor Applications 1.9
1.7 Evolution of Microcontrollers 1.9
1.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Microcontrollers 1.10
1.9 Applications of Microcontrollers 1.11
Review Questions 1.11
Multiple-Choice Questions 1.12
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 1.13
2. Architecture of 8085 Microprocessor 2.1–2.21
2.1 Introduction 2.1
2.2 Architecture of the 8085 Microprocessor 2.4
2.3 PIN Diagram of the 8085 Microprocessor 2.14
2.4 Comparison of 8085 and 8080A 2.18
Review Questions 2.19
Multiple-Choice Questions 2.20
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 2.21
3. Instruction Set of 8085 Microprocessor 3.1–3.46
3.1 Introduction 3.1
3.2 Addressing Modes 3.1
3.3 Instruction Set 3.3
3.4 Instruction and Data Formats 3.7
3.5 8085 Instructions 3.10
3.6 Instruction Timing Diagram 3.29
3.7 Timing Diagram 3.31
Review Questions 3.43
Multiple-Choice Questions 3.44
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 3.46
viii Contents
4. Assembly Language Programming Using 8085 4.1–4.54
4.1 Introduction 4.1
4.2 Machine Language 4.2
4.3 Assembly Language 4.2
4.4 High-Level Language 4.3
4.5 Stack 4.4
4.6 Subroutines 4.8
4.7 Time Delay Loops 4.11
4.8 Modular Programming 4.15
4.9 Macro 4.16
4.10 Instruction Format 4.17
4.11 Assembly-Language Programs 4.18
Review Questions 4.52
Multiple-Choice Questions 4.53
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 4.54
5. Memory and Interfacing with 8085 Microprocessor 5.1–5.25
5.1 Introduction 5.1
5.2 Memory Interfacing 5.1
5.3 Types of Memory 5.1
5.4 Memory Organisation 5.4
5.5 Rom and RAM ICs 5.7
5.6 Memory Map 5.9
5.7 Address Decoding 5.11
5.8 Memory Interfacing to Microprocessor 5.12
Review Questions 5.23
Multiple-Choice Questions 5.24
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 5.25
6. Interrupts of 8085 Microprocessor 6.1–6.17
6.1 Introduction 6.1
6.2 Classification of Interrupts 6.2
6.3 The 8085 Interrupts 6.2
6.4 Interrupt Vectors and Vector Table 6.4
6.5 Interrupt Instructions 6.9
6.6 Pending Interrupts 6.14
6.7 Serial Mode Operation using SID and SOD Pins of 8085 Micro-Processor 6.15
Review Questions 6.16
Multiple-Choice Questions 6.17
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 6.17
7. 8051 Microcontroller Architecture 7.1–7.42
7.1 Introduction 7.1
7.2 Architecture of 8051 Microcontroller 7.4
7.3 Memory Organisation 7.9
7.4 Pin Diagram of 8051 Microcontroller 7.14
Contents ix
7.5 Power Management 7.22
7.6 Timers/Counters 7.24
7.7 Interrupts 7.29
7.8 Serial Communication 7.33
Review Questions 7.40
Multiple-Choice Questions 7.41
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 7.42
8. Instruction Set and Programming of 8051 Microcontroller 8.1–8.57
8.1 Introduction 8.1
8.2 Addressing Modes 8.1
8.3 8051 Instruction Set 8.5
8.4 Simple Examples in Assembly Language Programs of 8051 Microcontroller 8.31
8.5 Assembly Language Programs 8.32
Review Questions 8.55
Multiple-Choice Questions 8.56
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 8.57
9. Architecture of 8086 and 8088 Microprocessors 9.1–9.53
9.1 Introduction 9.1
9.2 Architecture of 8086 9.1
9.3 Registers 9.5
9.4 Logical and Physical Address 9.9
9.5 Address Bus, Data Bus, Control Bus 9.11
9.6 8086 Memory Addressing 9.11
9.7 PIN Description of 8086 9.15
9.8 Memory Read and Write Bus Cycle of 8086 9.20
9.9 Intel 8088 Processor 9.28
9.10 Demultiplexing of System Bus in 8086 and 8088 Microprocessor 9.33
9.11 Some Important ICs 8284A, 8286/8287, 8282/8283, and 8288 9.34
9.12 Interrupts of 8086/8088 Microprocessor 9.43
9.13 EPROM Interfacing with 8086 9.49
Review Questions 9.51
Multiple-Choice Questions 9.52
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 9.53
10. Instruction Set of 8086 Microprocessor 10.1–10.64
10.1 Introduction 10.1
10.2 Addressing Modes 10.1
10.3 8086 Instruction Set 10.11
10.4 8086 Instruction Set Summary 10.49
Review Questions 10.62
Multiple-Choice Questions 10.63
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 10.64
x Contents
11. Assembly-Language Program of the 8086 Microprocessor 11.1–11.41
11.1 Introduction 11.1
11.2 Assembly-Language Commands 11.4
11.3 Assembly-Language Programs 11.13
Review Questions 11.39
Multiple-Choice Questions 11.40
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 11.41
12. 8255 Interfacing with 8085, 8086 and 8051 Microcontroller 12.1–12.23
12.1 Introduction 12.1
12.2 Architecture of Intel 8255A 12.1
12.3 Group A and Group B Controls 12.2
12.4 Operating Modes 12.5
12.5 Control Word 12.12
12.6 Examples to Determine the Control Word 12.13
12.7 Applications of 8255 PPI 12.15
12.8 8255 Interfacing with 8085 Microprocessor 12.15
12.9 8255 Interfacing with 8086 Microprocessor 12.17
12.10 8255 Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller 12.19
Review Questions 12.22
Multiple-Choice Questions 12.22
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 12.23
13. 8253 Interfacing with 8085, 8086 and 8051 Microcontroller 13.1-13.23
13.1 Introduction 13.1
13.2 Pin Diagram of 8253 13.2
13.3 Block Diagram 13.5
13.4 Control Word Register 13.6
13.5 Operational Modes 13.7
13.6 8253 Interfacing with 8085 Microprocessor 13.17
13.7 8253 Interfacing with 8086 Microprocessor 13.18
13.8 8253 Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller 13.21
Review Questions 13.22
Multiple-Choice Questions 13.22
Answers to Multiple-Choice Questions 13.23
14. 8259 Interfacing with 8085, 8086 and 8051 Microcontroller 14.1-14.19
14.1 Introduction to Programmable Interrupt Controller 14.1
14.2 Pin Diagram of 8259A 14.3
14.3 Functional Description 14.5
14.4 Interrupt Sequence 14.6
14.5 Interfacing of 8259A with 8085 14.6
14.6 Programming of 8259A 14.8
14.7 8259 Interfacing with 8085 Microprocessor 14.16
14.8 8259 Interfacing with 8086 Microprocessor 14.16
14.9 8259 Interfacing with 8051 Microcontroller 14.17
