micromedex neofax essentials 2014

869 Pages·04.877 MB·English

by  Micromedex®

Micormedex NeoFax
Essentials 2014
Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
Table of Contents
1. Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014 ....................................................................................... 7
1.1 Acetaminophen ................................................................................................................... 7
1.2 Acyclovir ............................................................................................................................ 17
1.3 Adenosine ......................................................................................................................... 25
1.4 Albuterol ........................................................................................................................... 28
1.5 Alprostadil ......................................................................................................................... 31
1.6 Alteplase ........................................................................................................................... 36
1.7 Amikacin ............................................................................................................................ 40
1.8 Aminophylline ................................................................................................................... 46
1.9 Amiodarone ...................................................................................................................... 50
1.10 Amphotericin B ............................................................................................................... 57
1.11 Amphotericin B Lipid Complex ........................................................................................ 60
1.12 Amphotericin B Liposome ............................................................................................... 64
1.13 Ampicillin ........................................................................................................................ 67
1.14 Anidulafungin .................................................................................................................. 72
1.15 AquADEKsâ„¢ .................................................................................................................. 80
1.16 Arginine ........................................................................................................................... 83
1.17 Aspirin ............................................................................................................................. 87
1.18 Atropine .......................................................................................................................... 94
1.19 Azithromycin ................................................................................................................... 97
1.20 Aztreonam..................................................................................................................... 101
1.21 Beractant ....................................................................................................................... 105
1.22 Bumetanide ................................................................................................................... 109
1.23 Bupivacaine ................................................................................................................... 114
1.24 Caffeine Citrate ............................................................................................................. 127
1.25 Calcium - Oral ................................................................................................................ 131
1.26 Calcium chloride 10% .................................................................................................... 133
1.27 Calcium gluconate 10% ................................................................................................. 139
1.28 Calfactant ...................................................................................................................... 145
1.29 Captopril........................................................................................................................ 149
1.30 Carglumic Acid .............................................................................................................. 153
1.31 Caspofungin .................................................................................................................. 157
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1.32 CeFAZolin ...................................................................................................................... 161
1.33 CefOXitin ....................................................................................................................... 165
1.34 CefTAZidime .................................................................................................................. 168
1.35 CefTRIAXone ................................................................................................................. 172
1.36 Cefepime ....................................................................................................................... 177
1.37 Cefotaxime .................................................................................................................... 181
1.38 Chloral hydrate ............................................................................................................. 185
1.39 Chloramphenicol ........................................................................................................... 189
1.40 Chlorothiazide ............................................................................................................... 192
1.41 Cimetidine ..................................................................................................................... 195
1.42 Clindamycin ................................................................................................................... 198
1.43 CloNIDine ...................................................................................................................... 203
1.44 Clopidogrel .................................................................................................................... 208
1.45 Cyclopentolate (Ophthalmic) ........................................................................................ 213
1.46 DOBUTamine................................................................................................................. 216
1.47 DOPamine ..................................................................................................................... 222
1.48 DT\Td Vaccine ............................................................................................................... 228
1.49 DTaP Vaccine ................................................................................................................. 230
1.50 DTaP-HepB-IPV Combination Vaccine .......................................................................... 235
1.51 Dexamethasone ............................................................................................................ 239
1.52 Dextrose ........................................................................................................................ 247
1.53 Diazoxide ....................................................................................................................... 253
1.54 Didanosine .................................................................................................................... 255
1.55 Digoxin .......................................................................................................................... 260
1.56 Digoxin Immune Fab (Ovine) ........................................................................................ 267
1.57 Dornase alfa .................................................................................................................. 272
1.58 EMLA® ......................................................................................................................... 274
1.59 EPINEPHrine (Adrenaline) ............................................................................................. 277
1.60 Emtricitabine ................................................................................................................. 283
1.61 Enalapril maleate .......................................................................................................... 290
1.62 Enalaprilat ..................................................................................................................... 292
1.63 Enfamil® Human Milk Fortifier ................................................................................... 296
1.64 Enoxaparin .................................................................................................................... 299
1.65 Epoetin alfa ................................................................................................................... 308
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1.66 Erythromycin ................................................................................................................. 312
1.67 Esmolol .......................................................................................................................... 320
1.68 Famotidine .................................................................................................................... 323
1.69 Fat Emulsion .................................................................................................................. 327
1.70 FentaNYL ....................................................................................................................... 332
1.71 Ferrous sulfate .............................................................................................................. 336
1.72 Flecainide ...................................................................................................................... 338
1.73 Fluconazole ................................................................................................................... 342
1.74 Flucytosine .................................................................................................................... 348
1.75 Flumazenil ..................................................................................................................... 351
1.76 Fosphenytoin ................................................................................................................ 354
1.77 Furosemide ................................................................................................................... 360
1.78 Ganciclovir .................................................................................................................... 366
1.79 Gentamicin .................................................................................................................... 370
1.80 Glucagon ....................................................................................................................... 376
1.81 Haemophilus b (Hib) Conjugate Vaccine ...................................................................... 380
1.82 Heparin.......................................................................................................................... 383
1.83 Hepatitis B Immune Globulin (Human) ......................................................................... 389
1.84 Hepatitis B Vaccine (Recombinant) .............................................................................. 392
1.85 Hib Conjugate\Hepatitis B Combination Vaccine ......................................................... 396
1.86 Hyaluronidase ............................................................................................................... 399
1.87 HydrALAZINE ................................................................................................................. 402
1.88 Hydrochlorothiazide ..................................................................................................... 405
1.89 Hydrocortisone ............................................................................................................. 408
1.90 INFUVITE® Pediatric .................................................................................................... 414
1.91 Ibuprofen Lysine ........................................................................................................... 419
1.92 Imipenem\Cilastatin ..................................................................................................... 424
1.93 Indomethacin ................................................................................................................ 427
1.94 Insulin ............................................................................................................................ 433
1.95 Intravenous Immune Globulin (Human) ....................................................................... 438
1.96 Ipratropium ................................................................................................................... 447
1.97 Iron Dextran .................................................................................................................. 450
1.98 Isoproterenol ................................................................................................................ 453
1.99 LORazepam ................................................................................................................... 457
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1.100 LamiVUDine ................................................................................................................ 460
1.101 Lansoprazole ............................................................................................................... 466
1.102 LevETIRAcetam ........................................................................................................... 471
1.103 Levothyroxine ............................................................................................................. 475
1.104 Lidocaine - Antiarrhythmic.......................................................................................... 478
1.105 Lidocaine - CNS ........................................................................................................... 485
1.106 Linezolid ...................................................................................................................... 488
1.107 Lopinavir\Ritonavir ..................................................................................................... 496
1.108 Lucinactant .................................................................................................................. 508
1.109 MCT Oil........................................................................................................................ 514
1.110 Magnesium sulfate ..................................................................................................... 516
1.111 Meropenem ................................................................................................................ 522
1.112 Methadone ................................................................................................................. 529
1.113 Metoclopramide ......................................................................................................... 533
1.114 MetroNIDAZOLE .......................................................................................................... 536
1.115 Micafungin .................................................................................................................. 541
1.116 Microlipid® ................................................................................................................ 546
1.117 Midazolam .................................................................................................................. 548
1.118 Milrinone ..................................................................................................................... 554
1.119 Morphine .................................................................................................................... 558
1.120 Mupirocin .................................................................................................................... 563
1.121 Nafcillin ....................................................................................................................... 565
1.122 Naloxone ..................................................................................................................... 569
1.123 Neostigmine ................................................................................................................ 572
1.124 Netilmicin .................................................................................................................... 576
1.125 Nevirapine ................................................................................................................... 581
1.126 NiCARdipine ................................................................................................................ 585
1.127 Nitric Oxide ................................................................................................................. 589
1.128 Nizatidine .................................................................................................................... 594
1.129 Norepinephrine ........................................................................................................... 596
1.130 Nystatin ....................................................................................................................... 604
1.131 Octreotide ................................................................................................................... 607
1.132 Omeprazole ................................................................................................................. 611
1.133 Oseltamivir .................................................................................................................. 616
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1.134 Oxacillin ....................................................................................................................... 622
1.135 PENTobarbital ............................................................................................................. 625
1.136 PHENobarbital ............................................................................................................. 628
1.137 Palivizumab ................................................................................................................. 633
1.138 Pancuronium ............................................................................................................... 636
1.139 Papaverine .................................................................................................................. 639
1.140 Penicillin G .................................................................................................................. 642
1.141 Penicillin G benzathine ............................................................................................... 648
1.142 Penicillin G procaine ................................................................................................... 651
1.143 Phentolamine .............................................................................................................. 654
1.144 Phenylephrine (Ophthalmic) ....................................................................................... 656
1.145 Phenytoin .................................................................................................................... 659
1.146 Piperacillin ................................................................................................................... 664
1.147 Piperacillin\Tazobactam ............................................................................................. 667
1.148 Pneumococcal 13-Valent Conjugate Vaccine (PCV13) ................................................ 672
1.149 Poliovirus Vaccine Enhanced-Inactivated ................................................................... 676
1.150 Poly-Vi-Sol® MVI Drops ............................................................................................. 679
1.151 Poractant alfa .............................................................................................................. 680
1.152 Potassium chloride ...................................................................................................... 684
1.153 Procainamide .............................................................................................................. 687
1.154 Prolact+ H(2) MF® Human Milk Fortifier .................................................................. 692
1.155 Propranolol ................................................................................................................. 696
1.156 Protamine ................................................................................................................... 701
1.157 Protein C Concentrate (Human) ................................................................................. 704
1.158 Pyridoxine ................................................................................................................... 708
1.159 Quinupristin\Dalfopristin ............................................................................................ 712
1.160 Ranitidine .................................................................................................................... 714
1.161 Remifentanil ................................................................................................................ 720
1.162 Rifampin ...................................................................................................................... 731
1.163 Rocuronium................................................................................................................. 735
1.164 Rotavirus Vaccine (RotaTeq®) .................................................................................. 738
1.165 Rotavirus Vaccine (Rotarix®) .................................................................................... 744
1.166 Sildenafil ...................................................................................................................... 749
1.167 Similac® Human Milk Fortifier .................................................................................. 756
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1.168 Sodium Bicarbonate .................................................................................................... 759
1.169 Sodium Chloride (0.9%) .............................................................................................. 764
1.170 Sodium Glycerophosphate .......................................................................................... 765
1.171 Sodium Nitroprusside ................................................................................................. 770
1.172 Sodium phenylacetate\Sodium benzoate .................................................................. 774
1.173 Sotalol ......................................................................................................................... 779
1.174 Spironolactone ............................................................................................................ 782
1.175 Succinylcholine ............................................................................................................ 785
1.176 Sucrose ........................................................................................................................ 795
1.177 Surfactant (Natural, animal-derived) .......................................................................... 798
1.178 THAM acetate ............................................................................................................. 800
1.179 Ticarcillin\Clavulanate................................................................................................. 803
1.180 Tobramycin ................................................................................................................. 806
1.181 Topiramate .................................................................................................................. 812
1.182 Tri-Vi-Sol® MVI Drops ............................................................................................... 817
1.183 Tropicamide (Ophthalmic) .......................................................................................... 819
1.184 Ursodiol ....................................................................................................................... 821
1.185 ValGANciclovir ............................................................................................................ 824
1.186 Vancomycin ................................................................................................................. 827
1.187 Varicella-zoster Immune Globulin .............................................................................. 836
1.188 Vecuronium ................................................................................................................. 841
1.189 Vi-Daylin® MVI Drops ............................................................................................... 844
1.190 Vi-Sol® Multivitamin Products .................................................................................. 846
1.191 Vitamin A..................................................................................................................... 847
1.192 Vitamin D .................................................................................................................... 851
1.193 Vitamin E ..................................................................................................................... 854
1.194 Vitamin K1 ................................................................................................................... 856
1.195 Zidovudine .................................................................................................................. 861
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
1. Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014

1.1 Acetaminophen
Title Acetaminophen
Dose
Intravenous
Preterm infants 32 weeks postmenstrual age or older: 10 mg/kg/dose IV every 6
hours as needed or around-the-clock. May consider a 20 mg/kg loading dose [1] [2] .
Term infants: 7.5 mg/kg/dose IV every 6 hours (maximum 30 mg/kg/24 hours) as
needed or around the clock for pain or fever [3] [4] .
Oral
Preterm infants less than 32 weeks Postmenstrual Age: 20 to 25 mg/kg orally; then
12 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours as needed or around-the-clock.
Preterm infants greater than or equal to 32 weeks Postmenstrual Age: 20 to 25
mg/kg orally; then 12 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours as needed or around-the-clock.
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
Term infants: 20 to 25 mg/kg orally; then 12 to 15 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours as
needed or around-the-clock.
Rectal
Preterm infants less than 32 weeks Postmenstrual Age: 30 mg/kg rectally; then 12 to
18 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours as needed or around-the-clock.
Preterm infants greater than or equal to 32 weeks Postmenstrual Age: 30 mg/kg
rectally; then 12 to 18 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours as needed or around-the-clock.
Term infants: 30 mg/kg rectally; then 12 to 18 mg/kg/dose every 6 hours as needed or
around-the-clock.
Administration
Intravenous: Administer IV over 15 minutes. Withdraw appropriate dose and
administer in bottle, bag, or IV syringe; dose should be administered within 6 hours [5]
.
Exercise caution when calculating the dose in milligrams and administering the dose in
milliliters [6] [7] [8] . The administered volume in a neonate should always be 7.5 mL
or less [8] .
Uses
Fever reduction and treatment of mild to moderate pain: The decision to use
acetaminophen should be weighed against the epidemiological evidence of an
association between acetaminophen use and asthma, atopy, rhinoconjunctivitis, or
eczema; although causality has not been established [9] [10] [11] . The IV route may be
considered when the oral or rectal route is not possible [4] .
Routine prophylactic use of acetaminophen at the time of vaccination is not
recommended because of a potential reduction in antibody response.
Contraindications/Precautions
Intravenous formulation contraindicated in patients with severe hepatic impairment or
severe active liver disease. Hypersensitivity reactions, including life-threatening
anaphylaxis, have been reported [5] .
Rare but serious skin reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome, toxic epidermal
necrolysis, and acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, have been associated with
the use of acetaminophen. Reactions may occur after one use or at any time.
Discontinue use immediately if rash or other hypersensitivity symptoms occur [12] .
Use with caution in patients with hepatocellular insufficiency, severe renal
insufficiency, glucose 6 phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, chronic malnutrition, or
dehydration/hypovolemia [4] .
A modest reduction in blood pressure and heart rate may occur in neonates (preterm
and full-term) after IV administration of acetaminophen. Neonates with pre-existing
low arterial pressure may be at greater risk for hypotension [13] .
Epidemiological evidence demonstrated an association between acetaminophen use and
asthma [11] , rhinoconjunctivitis, eczema [10] and atopy [9] . Confirmatory studies are
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Micormedex NeoFax Essentials 2014
needed; however, in a meta-analysis, the odds ratio (OR) was 1.6 (95% CI, 1.48 to
1.74) for the risk of asthma in children among users of acetaminophen in the year prior
to asthma diagnosis and the first year of life and 1.96 (95% CI, 1.5 to 2.56) for the risk
of wheezing and acetaminophen use in the previous year of life [11] . In 2 observational
studies, the OR was 3.61 (95% CI, 1.33 to 9.77) for atopy and acetaminophen exposure
before the age of 15 months [9] , and up to 2.39 (95% CI, 2.24 to 2.55) for
rhinoconjunctivitis symptoms or 1.99 (95% CI, 1.82 to 2.16) for eczema symptoms and
acetaminophen exposure in the previous 12 months in adolescents [10]
Pharmacology
Nonnarcotic analgesic and antipyretic. Peak serum concentration occurs approximately
60 minutes after an oral dose. Absorption after rectal administration is variable and
prolonged. Extensively metabolized in the liver, primarily by sulfation with a small
amount by glucuronidation. Metabolites and unchanged drug are excreted by the
kidney. Elimination half-life is approximately 3 hours in term neonates, 5 hours in
preterm neonates greater than 32 weeks gestation, and up to 11 hours in more immature
neonates. Elimination is prolonged in patients with liver dysfunction.
IV: A 20 mg/kg loading dose achieved a Cmax of 15 to 25 mg/L in 19 neonates (27 to
42 weeks gestational age) included in the PARANEO study. An effect compartment
concentration of 10 mg/L was associated with a pain score reduction of 3.4 units [1] . A
mean plasma concentration of 11 mg/L after acetaminophen IV 10 mg/kg every 6 hours
(with or without a 20 mg/kg loading dose) was predicted from a pharmacokinetic
analysis of 158 neonates (28 to 44 weeks gestation) [2] .
Oral/Rectal: Target concentrations above 10 mg/L are predicted in 50% of patients
administered acetaminophen (30 mg/kg orally loading dose, 15 mg/kg/dose orally every
8 hours and 37.5 mg/kg rectally loading dose, 20 mg/kg/dose every 8 hours) in a
population pharmacokinetic analysis (n=30, 1 to 90 days old, 31 to 40 weeks
gestational age) [22] .
Adverse Effects
Injection site events (pain and site reactions; 15%) and vomiting (5%) occur with IV
acetaminophen [4] . Rash, fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, and neutropenia have
been reported in children [5] [14] [15] [16] [17] . Serious skin reactions have been
reported from patients who were rechallenged with acetaminophen and had a
recurrence of a serious skin reaction [12] .
Hypothermia did not develop in 99 neonates (93 normothermic and 6 with fever)
administered IV acetaminophen [18] .
Although data are limited for neonates, in children liver toxicity occurs with excessive
doses [4] [5] or after prolonged administration (greater than 48 hours) of therapeutic
doses. Hepatotoxicity occurred in less than 0.01% of children administered therapeutic
doses of acetaminophen, in a systemic review (n=32,424; studies=62). The estimated
risk for minor or major hepatic events was 0.031% (95% CI, 0.015% to 0.057%) [19] .
No significant increases in liver enzymes were observed after a median duration of 60
hours (6 to 480 hours) and a median of 9 (2 to 80) doses of IV acetaminophen (20
mg/kg loading dose; 10 mg/kg (every 6 hours for more than 36 weeks postmenstrual
age (PMA), every 8 hours for 31 to 36 weeks PMA, and every 12 hours for less than 31
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