Microgrids Design and Implementation

540 Pages·2019·22.24 MB·English

by  Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza

Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza 
Miguel Castilla E ditors
Microgrids
Design and
Implementation
Microgrids Design and Implementation
Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza
Miguel Castilla
Editors
Microgrids Design
and Implementation
Editors
AntonioCarlosZambronideSouza MiguelCastilla
InstituteofElectricalSystemsandEnergy ElectronicEngineeringDepartment
FederalUniversityofItajubá TechnicalUniversityofCatalonia
Itajubá,MG,Brazil VilanovailaGeltrú,Spain
ISBN978-3-319-98686-9 ISBN978-3-319-98687-6 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-98687-6
LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2018960448
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Preface
Thisbookdealswiththeemergingscenarioofsmartgridsinpowersystems.Smart
grids are a concept which integrates automation, communication, and intelligence
withdistributedrenewablegeneration,enablingthesystemtointeractwiththemain
grid in a bidirectional way. For this sake, new technological devices must be
employed, and the engineers assigned to operate these systems need to be well
trained.
Smart grids come with the growing appeal of self-sustainable cities. Thus, its
conceptmayembraceself-healinginabroadsense,whichaimstocreatestrategiesto
keep infrastructure following a major catastrophe. Such a concept may take into
account communications, highways, hospital, water, and electricity. For this sake,
intelligenceisvitalandplaysacentralroleinthisprocess.Thiscreatesopportunities
forclassicdistributionsystemstobecomesmartgrids.
LikethechangesmankindhashadwithindustrialrevolutionandInternet,smart
gridsarecertainlytochangehabitsandthewaypeopleuseelectricity.Inthissense,a
new term, defined as “prosumer,” may refer to a consumer who, sometimes, may
also be generator. This is particularly appealing if one takes into consideration the
factthatmostofdistributedgenerationinsmartgridsisofnon-carbonemissiontype.
At first glance, the possibility of generating his own demand could be a call for a
consumer to discontinue a contract with the utility that nowadays provides his
energy. This book argues that this is not a wise choice. Rather than that, utilities
aretoplayacentralroleinthisnewscenarioandshouldnotbeovercome.
This book discusses the advent of smart grids and some technical implications
fromthepointofviewofresearchersfromEuropeandSouthAmerica.Inthissense,
thebookcapturesthewayinwhichsmartgridsarefacedindifferentcountries.Basic
concepts are described, enabling the reader to understand the theoretical aspects
behindsmartgridsformation,butchallengesandphilosophicaldiscussionsonthese
systemsarealsoprovided.
Itajubá,Brazil AntonioCarlosZambronideSouza
VilanovailaGeltrú,Spain MiguelCastilla
v
Contents
1 ElectricalPowerSystems:EvolutionfromTraditional
ConfigurationtoDistributedGenerationandMicrogrids. . . . . . 1
LuizF.N.Delboni,DiogoMarujo,PedroP.Balestrassi,
andDenissonQueirozOliveira
2 RenewableEnergyTechnologiesforMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . 27
MarceloG.MolinaandPedroE.Mercado
3 CommunicationinMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
JorgeLuisSosaAvendañoandLuzStellaMorenoMartín
4 SmartMeteringTechnology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 97
PauloCoelho,MárioGomes,andCarlosMoreira
5 ControlofPowerConvertersinACMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . 139
MiguelCastilla,LuisGarcíadeVicuña,andJaumeMiret
6 SecondaryControlforIslandedMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171
JuanM.Rey,JavierTorres-Martínez,andMiguelCastilla
7 EnergyManagementinMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
PedroP.Vergara,JuanC.López,JuanM.Rey,LuizC.P.daSilva,
andMarcosJ.Rider
8 EmergingControlTechnologiesandLoadManagement
inMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 217
P.H.Nguyen,M.M.ViyathukattuvaMohamedAli,
FranciscoM.PortelinhaJr,PauloF.Ribeiro,andJ.F.G.Cobben
9 ProceduresforEmergencySituations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 239
CarlosMoreiraandClaraGouveia
vii
viii Contents
10 PowerQualityandHostingCapacityinIslandingMicrogrids. . . 269
TiagoCastelo,MatheusF.ZambronideSouza,CarlosDuque,
andPauloF.Ribeiro
11 StabilityIssuesinMicrogrids. . . . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . . .. 287
JavierSolano,JuanM.Rey,JuanD.Bastidas-Rodríguez,
andAndrésI.Hernández
12 MicrogridProtectionSchemes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 311
MárioGomes,PauloCoelho,andCarlosMoreira
13 DesignandOptimalSizingofMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 337
JuanM.Rey,PedroP.Vergara,JavierSolano,
andGabrielOrdóñez
14 ElectricityMarketsandTheirImplications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 369
MárioGomes,PauloCoelho,andJoséFernandes
15 MicrogridDemonstrationProjectsandPilotSites. . . . . . . . . . . . 407
ClaraGouveia,CarlosMoreira,DavidRua,andJoãoPeçasLopes
16 DCMicroGrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 447
FilipePerezandGilneyDamm
17 DesignandImplementationofRuralMicrogrids. . . . . . . . . . . . . 477
FrancoCanzianiandÓscarMelgarejo
18 EmergingSmartMicrogridPowerSystems:Philosophical
Reflections. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505
AntonioCarlosZambronideSouza,BeneditoDonizetiBonatto,
andPauloF.Ribeiro
Index. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .529
Contributors
Jorge Luis Sosa Avendaño Laboratorio de Instrumentación Científica,
UniversidaddelosAndes,Mérida,Venezuela
Pedro P. Balestrassi Institute of Industrial Engineering, Federal University of
Itajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
Juan D. Bastidas-Rodríguez Universidad Industrial de Santander(UIS), Bucara-
manga,Colombia
Benedito Donizeti Bonatto Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy, Federal
UniversityofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
FrancoCanziani WairaEnergía,Lima,Peru
Tiago Castelo Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy, Federal University of
Itajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
MiguelCastilla ElectronicEngineeringDepartment,TechnicalUniversityofCat-
alonia,VilanovailaGeltrú,Spain
J. F. G. Cobben Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven,
TheNetherlands
PauloCoelho SmartCitiesResearchCenter(Cl2)-PolytechnicInstituteofTomar,
Tomar,Portugal
LuizC.P.daSilva InstituteofElectricalSystemsandEnergy,FederalUniversity
ofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
GilneyDamm IBISCLaboratory,Paris-SaclayUniversity,Evry,France
Luis García de Vicuña Technical University of Catalonia, Vilanova i la Geltrú,
Spain
ix
x Contributors
LuizF.N.Delboni InstituteofElectricalSystemsandEnergy,FederalUniversity
ofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
CarlosDuque FederalUniversityofJuizdeFora,JuizdeFora,MG,Brazil
JoséFernandes InstitutoPolitécnicodeTomar(IPT),Tomar,Portugal
MárioGomes SmartCitiesResearchCenter(Cl2)-PolytechnicInstituteofTomar,
Tomar,Portugal
ClaraGouveia INESCTEC—INESCTechnologyandScience,Porto,Portugal
AndrésI.Hernández UniversidadAntonioNariño,Bogotá,Colombia
JuanC.López UniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP),Campinas,Brazil
LuzStellaMorenoMartín EscueladeIngenieríaEléctrica,FacultaddeIngeniería,
UniversidaddelosAndes,Mérida,Venezuela
DiogoMarujo ElectricalEngineeringDepartment,FederalUniversityofTechnol-
ogyofParaná,Medianeira,Brazil
ÓscarMelgarejo PontificiaUniversidadCatólicadelPerú,Lima,Peru
Pedro E. Mercado Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San
Juan–CONICET,SanJuan,Argentina
JaumeMiret TechnicalUniversityofCatalonia,VilanovailaGeltrú,Spain
Marcelo G. Molina Instituto de Energía Eléctrica, Universidad Nacional de San
Juan–CONICET,SanJuan,Argentina
Carlos Moreira FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto,
Portugal
INESCTEC—INESCTechnologyandScience,Porto,Portugal
P.H.Nguyen EindhovenUniversityofTechnology,Eindhoven,TheNetherlands
DenissonQueirozOliveira FederalUniversityofMaranhão,Maranhão,Brazil
Gabriel Ordóñez Universidad Industrial de Santander (UIS), Bucaramanga,
Colombia
João Peças Lopes FEUP—Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Porto,
Portugal
INESCTEC—INESCTechnologyandScience,Porto,Portugal
Filipe Perez L2S Laboratory, CentraleSupélec, Paris-Saclay University,
Gif-Sur-Yvette,France
Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy, Federal University of Itajubá, Itajubá,
MG,Brazil
Contributors xi
Francisco M. Portelinha Jr Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy, Federal
UniversityofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
JuanM.Rey UniversidadIndustrialdeSantander(UIS),Bucaramanga,Colombia
PauloF.Ribeiro InstituteofElectricalSystemsandEnergy,FederalUniversityof
Itajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
MarcosJ.Rider UniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP),Campinas,Brazil
DavidRua INESCTEC—INESCTechnologyandScience,Porto,Portugal
JavierSolano UniversidadIndustrialdeSantander(UIS),Bucaramanga,Colombia
Javier Torres-Martínez Technical University of Catalonia, Vilanova i la Geltrú,
Spain
PedroP.Vergara UniversityofCampinas(UNICAMP),Campinas,Brazil
M. M. Viyathukattuva Mohamed Ali Eindhoven University of Technology,
Eindhoven,TheNetherlands
Antonio Carlos Zambroni de Souza Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy,
FederalUniversityofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil
Matheus F. Zambroni de Souza Institute of Electrical Systems and Energy,
FederalUniversityofItajubá,Itajubá,MG,Brazil