Microbial Source Tracking

301 Pages·2007·2.409 MB·English

by  MICHAEL P, SANTO DOMINGO, JORGE W, SADOWSKY, MICHAEL J DOYLE

Microbial
Source Tracking
Emerging Issues in Food Safety
SERIES EDITOR,Michael P.Doyle
Microbial Source Tracking
Edited by Jorge W.Santo Domingo and Michael J.Sadowsky
ALSO IN THIS SERIES
Microbiology of Fresh Produce (2006)
Edited by Karl R.Matthews
Microbial Risk Analysis in Foods(2007)
Edited by Donald W.Schaffner
Enterobacter sakazakii(2007)
Edited by Jeffrey M.Farber and Stephen Forsythe
Microbial
Source Tracking
EDITED BY
Jorge W. Santo Domingo
ORD/NRMRL/WSWRD/MCCB
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency
Cincinnati,Ohio
AND
Michael J. Sadowsky
Department ofSoil,Water,and Climate
and BioTechnology Institute
University ofMinnesota
St.Paul,Minnesota
WASHINGTON,D.C.
Address editorial correspondence to ASM Press,1752 N St.,N.W.,
Washington,DC 20036-2904,USA
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Copyright ©2007 ASM Press
American Society for Microbiology
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Washington,DC 20036-2904
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Microbial source tracking / edited by Jorge W.Santo Domingo and
Michael J.Sadowsky.
p.;cm.—(Emerging issues in food safety)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN-13:978-1-55581-374-1 (hardcover)
ISBN-10:1-55581-374-7 (hardcover)
1.Diagnostic microbiology.2.Pathogenic microorganisms
—Detection.3.Microbial toxins.4.Foodborne diseases.
5.Microorganisms.I.Santo Domingo,Jorge W.II.Sadowsky,
M.J.(Michael J.) III.Series.
[DNLM:1.Food Microbiology.2.Disease Outbreaks
—prevention & control.3.Environmental Monitoring—methods.
4.Feces—microbiology.5.Food Contamination—prevention &
control.6.Microbiological Techniques—methods.7.Water
Microbiology.QW 85 M62619 2007]
QR67.M53 2007
616.9(cid:1)0475—dc22
2006024176
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
All Rights Reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Cover illustration:Microbial water quality biochip.
Courtesy of Jorge W.Santo Domingo (see Chapter 1,Figure 5).
Contents
Contributors vii
Series Editor’s Foreword ix
Preface xi
1 Fecal Pollution, Public Health, and Microbial
Source Tracking 1
Jill Stewart,Jorge W.Santo Domingo,and Timothy J.Wade
2 Assumptions and Limitations Associated with
Microbial Source Tracking Methods 33
Valerie J.Harwood
3 Molecular Detection and Characterization
Tools 65
Suresh D.Pillai and Everardo Vega
4 Molecular Subtyping, Source Tracking,
and Food Safety 93
Thomas S.Whittam and Teresa M.Bergholz
5 Shellfish and Microbial Source Tracking 137
John Scott Meschke and David Boyle
v
vi Contents
6 Statistical Issues in Microbial Source
Identification 181
Jayson D.Wilbur and John E.Whitlock
7 Application of Microbial Source Tracking to
Human Health and National Security 211
Cindy H.Nakatsu,Peter Pesenti,and Albert Rhodes
8 The Future of Microbial Source Tracking
Studies 235
Michael J.Sadowsky,Douglas R.Call,and
Jorge W.Santo Domingo
Index 279
Contributors
TERESA M.BERGHOLZ
National Food Safety and Toxicology Center,165 Food Safety and Toxicology
Building,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824
DAVID BOYLE
Washington State Dept.of Health,1610 N.E.150th Street,Public Health
Laboratories,Shoreline,WA 98155-7224
DOUGLAS R.CALL
Department of Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology,Washington State
University,Pullman,WA 99164-7040
VALERIE J.HARWOOD
Department of Biology,SCA 110,University of South Florida,4202 E.Fowler
Ave.,Tampa,FL 33620
JOHN SCOTT MESCHKE
School of Public Health and Community Medicine,University of Washington,
Seattle,WA 98105-6099
CINDY H.NAKATSU
Department of Agronomy,Purdue University,West Lafayette,IN 47907-2054
PETERT.PESENTI
Environmental Microbiology,Department of Homeland Security,Directorate for
Science and Technology,Biological Countermeasures,Washington,DC 20528
vii
viii Contributors
SURESH D.PILLAI
Departments of Nutrition and Food Science & Poultry Science,Texas A&M
University,College Station,Texas 77843-2472
ALBERT RHODES
Homeland Security Institute,2900 S.Quincy St.,Ste.800,Arlington,VA 22206
MICHAEL J.SADOWSKY
Department of Soil,Water & Climate and BioTechnology Institute,University of
Minnesota,1991 Upper Buford Circle,439 BorH,St.Paul,MN 55108
JORGEW.SANTO DOMINGO
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,ORD/NRMRL/WSWRD/MCCB,26
W.Martin Luther King Dr.,MS 387,Cincinnati,OH 45268
JILL R.STEWART
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,219 Ft.Johnson Rd.,
Charleston,SC 29412-9110
EVERARDOVEGA
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,Atlanta,GA 30333
TIMOTHY J.WADE
U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,ORD/NHEERL/HSD/EBB,MD 58C,
Research Triangle Park,NC 27711
JOHN E.WHITLOCK
Division of Mathematics and Sciences,Hillsborough Community College,Tampa,
FL 33614
THOMAS S.WHITTAM
National Food Safety and Toxicology Center,165 Food Safety and Toxicology
Building,Michigan State University,East Lansing,MI 48824
JAYSON D.WILBUR
Department of Mathematical Sciences,Worcester Polytechnic Institute,Worcester,
MA 01609-2280
Series Editor’s Foreword
The ability to trace microorganisms,including food-borne pathogens,to the
point of origin has major ramifications for the food industry,food regulato-
ry agencies,and public health.Such information would enable food produc-
ers and processors to better understand sources of contamination and there-
by take corrective actions to prevent pathogen transmission.It would assist
regulatory agencies in identifying food producers responsible for supplying
foods involved in human illnesses.It would also provide public health inves-
tigators the opportunity to track food-borne disease outbreaks to their orig-
inal source and prevent future occurrences.
Microbial source tracking,which currently is largely focused on determin-
ing sources of fecal contamination in waterways, is providing the scientific
community tools that may be adapted to broader applications,including the
tracking of food-borne pathogens. Some day in the near future such tech-
niques will likely enable the traceback of pathogens,like SalmonellaandE.coli
O157:H7,in foods to their origin.As an example,Salmonella entericaserovar
Poona has been responsible for outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with
cantaloupe consumption and continues to be a nemesis for the melon indus-
try.Using the tools of microbial source tracking,investigators would be able
to trace an outbreak-associated strain of serovar Poona from patients to can-
taloupes from a food service or retail outlet, to the field in which the can-
taloupes were produced,to irrigation water which was obtained from a river
contaminated with cattle manure, to the cattle farm from which serovar
Poona-contaminated manure polluted the river. Whether microbial
pathogens contaminate foods by intentional or unintentional routes,the tools
of microbial source tracking would enable identification of their origin for
ix