Table Of ContentMicrobial Consortium
and Biotransformation
for Pollution
Decontamination
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Advances in Pollution Research
Microbial Consortium
and Biotransformation
for Pollution
Decontamination
Editedby
GOWHAR HAMID DAR
Department of Environmental Science, Sri Pratap
College,ClusterUniversity Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir,
India
ROUF AHMAD BHAT
Department of School Education,Government of
Jammuand Kashmir, Jammu& Kashmir, India
HUMAIRA QADRI
Department of Environment and Water Management,
Sri Pratap College,Cluster University Srinagar,Jammu
and Kashmir, India
KHALID REHMAN HAKEEM
Department of Biological Sciences,Faculty of Science,
King AbdulazizUniversity, Jeddah,SaudiArabia
SeriesEditor
MUHAMMAD ZAFFAR HASHMI
Elsevier
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Dedication
Dedicated to all those who lost their life due to COVID-19 pandemic.
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Contents
Listofcontributors xvii
Abouttheeditors xxiii
Foreword xxvii
Preface xxix
Acknowledgments xxxiii
Aboutthebook xxxv
1. Threats and consequencesof untreated wastewater on
freshwater environments 1
IshratJan,TawseefAhmad,MohammadSaleemWani,ShoaibAliDar,
NaseemaAqbarWani,NazirAhmadMalikandYounasRasheedTantary
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Whatissewage? 4
1.3 Contaminantsourcesofemergingconcerns 5
1.3.1 Wastewater 5
1.3.2 Sewagesludge 6
1.3.3 Urbansolidwaste 8
1.4 Fateofcontaminants 9
1.5 Ecologicalriskandhealthassessmentofemergingcontaminantin
untreatedwater 10
1.6 Untreatedwastewaterasacauseofantibioticresistance 12
1.7 Impactofwastewateroncities 13
1.8 Impactofwastewateronindustry 14
1.9 Impactofwastewateronagriculture 14
1.10 Impactofwastewateronnaturalbodiesofwater 15
1.11 Impactofuntreatedwastewateronmicrobialdiversity 15
1.12 Impactofwastewaterinaquaticenvironments 16
1.13 Biologichazardsinaquaticenvironments 17
1.14 Majorthreats 17
1.15 Whyshouldwastewaterbetreated? 18
1.16 Challengesandopportunities 18
1.17 Conclusion 19
References 19
vii
viii Contents
2. Unravelinga correlation between environmental contaminants
and human health 27
MisbahNaz,MuhammadAmmarRaza,MuhammadTariq,
ShackiraA.M.andXiaorongFan
2.1 Introduction 27
2.2 Environmentaltoxicologyandrelatedhumanhealthrisks 28
2.2.1 Airpollution 30
2.2.2 Hazardeffectonhealth 31
2.2.3 Nonpointsourcepollution 31
2.2.4 Chemicalpollutionfromtheenvironment 32
2.3 Theenvironmentalimpactofchemicalfertilizersandexcessive
fertilizersonwaterquality 33
2.3.1 Oxygenconsumption 33
2.3.2 Weedgrowthandalgaebloom 33
2.4 Methodtorevealtherelationshipbetweenhumanbody,
environment,andemotiondata 34
2.5 Conclusion 36
References 37
3. Effect of wastewaterfrom industries on freshwater ecosystem:
threats and remedies 41
JohraKhan
3.1 Introduction 41
3.2 Salinewastewater:itsimpactandtreatment 42
3.2.1 Effectofsalinityonfreshwaterecosystem 42
3.3 Food-processingindustrywastewater 43
3.4 Leatherindustrywastewater 44
3.5 Effluentsfrompetroleumindustry 45
3.6 Plasticindustriesandmicro-andnanoplasticinfreshwaterecosystem 45
3.6.1 Effectofmicroplasticonfreshwaterecosystem 46
3.7 Effectofdifferentwastewaterfromindustriesonfreshwaterorganisms 47
3.8 Remediestoreduceindustrialeffluents 49
3.9 Conclusion 50
References 51
4. Credibility on biosensors for monitoring contaminationin
aquatic environs 59
AkankshaJaiswar,NehaSharma,PriyankaBasera,AshishBediand
RahulSinghJasrotia
4.1 Introduction 59
Contents ix
4.2 Majorsourcesofwaterpollution 61
4.3 Biosensors 61
4.3.1 Biosensorsforthedetectionofheavymetals 62
4.3.2 Biosensorsforthedetectionofmicroorganisms 67
4.3.3 Biosensorsforthedetectionoforganicpollutants 69
4.4 Generallimitations,challenges,andfutureprospectsofbiosensorsin
wastewatermonitoring 71
4.5 Conclusion 73
References 73
5. Microbialsystems, current trends,and future prospective:
asystemic analysis 81
MisbahNaz,MuhammadAmmarRaza,MuhammadRahilAfzal,
MuhammadJafarJaskani,MuhammadAnwar,MuhammadTariq,
MuhammadRiazandXiaorongFan
5.1 Introduction 81
5.2 Microbiologyforsoilhealth,environmentalprotection,andsustainable
agriculture 83
5.3 Futureprospectsofenvironmentalmicroorganisms 84
5.4 Microbialpesticides 86
5.5 Microorganisms’impendingvisions 86
5.6 Interconnectionsbetweenplantsandsoilmicroorganisms 87
5.7 Plantacquisitionofnutrients:directuptakefromthesoil 88
5.7.1 Mycorrhizalinteractionswithplants 88
5.8 Conclusionandremark 91
References 91
6. Microbialconsortia for pollution remediation—Success stories 95
MirZahoorGul,KarunaRupulaandSashidharRaoBeedu
6.1 Introduction 95
6.2 Bioremediation 96
6.3 Microbialconsortia—amultispecializedbiologicalsystemforbioremediation 98
6.4 Microbialconsortiaanddegradationofpollutants 101
6.4.1 Degradationofpetroleumcomponents 101
6.4.2 Remediationofwastewater 104
6.4.3 Degradationofindustrialdyes 107
6.4.4 Remediationofotherorganicpollutants 109
6.5 Conclusionandfutureperspective 110
Acknowledgment 111
References 111
