Microbial Community Studies in Industrial Wastewater Treatment

253 Pages·2022·6.824 MB·English

by  Maulin P. Shah

Microbial Community
Studies in Industrial
Wastewater Treatment
Focusing on microbial community structure in the field of wastewater treatment,
this book highlights structural analyses in relation to changes in physico-chemical
parameters. It further covers physiological analyses of microbial communities,
enrichment of pure cultures of key species in relation to changes in physico-chemical
parameters, and analyses and modelling of consequences of changes in the micro-
bial community structure. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, groups of bacteria
that perform nitrogen fixation, nitrification, ammonification and other biochemical
processes are covered for an entire wastewater treatment plant bioreactor along with
temporal dynamics of bacterial communities.
Features:
• Describes the state-of-the-art techniques and the application of omics tools
in wastewater treatment reactors (WWTRs).
• Includes both theoretical and practical knowledge on the fundamental roles
of microorganisms in WWTRs.
• Discusses environmental microbial community proteomics.
• Covers relating function and community structure of complex microbial
systems using neural networks.
• Reviews the economics of wastewater treatment and the development of
suitable alternatives in terms of performance and cost-effectiveness.
This book is aimed at graduates and researchers in biological engineering, biochemi-
cal engineering, chemistry, environmental engineering, environmental microbiol-
ogy, systems ecology and environmental biotechnology.

Microbial Community
Studies in Industrial
Wastewater Treatment
Edited by
Maulin P. Shah
Cover image: ©Shutterstock
First edition published 2023
by CRC Press
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© 2023 selection and editorial matter, Maulin P. Shah; individual chapters, the contributors
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ISBN: 9781032341880 (hbk)
ISBN: 9781032406565 (pbk)
ISBN: 9781003354147 (ebk)
DOI: 10.1201/9781003354147
Typeset in Times
by codeMantra
Contents
Preface......................................................................................................................vii
Editor ........................................................................................................................ix
Chapter 1 Metagenomics: A Powerful Lens Viewing the Microbial World .........1
Perumalla Srikanth and Sivakumar Durairaj
Chapter 2 Microbial Response to Lead Exposure ..............................................21
J. Anandkumar, Jyoti Kant Choudhari, Jyotsna Choubey,
Tanushree Chatterjee, Mukesh Kumar Verma, and
Biju Prava Sahariah
Chapter 3 Metagenomics and Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Wastewater ......33
Jyotsna Choubey, Jyoti Kant Choudhari, Mukesh Kumar Verma,
Tanushree Chatterjee, and Biju Prava Sahariah
Chapter 4 Environmental Metaproteomics: Tools to Study Microbial
Communities ......................................................................................45
Hiren K. Patel, Priyanka D. Sheladiya, and
Rishee K. Kalaria
Chapter 5 Events and Hazards in Biotransformation of Contaminants ..............61
Pratik Jagtap, Aniket K. Gade, and Rajesh W. Raut
Chapter 6 Microbial Community Analysis of Contaminated Soils ....................83
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde,
Abel Inobeme, Kshitij RB Singh, John Tsado Mathew,
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan, Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Jay Singh,
Vanya Nayak and Ravindra Pratap Singh
Chapter 7 Microbe Performance and Dynamics in Activated Sludge Digestion ...99
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Ogundolie Frank Abimbola,
Kshitij RB Singh, Olugbemi T. Olaniyan,
Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Abel Inobeme,
John Tsado Mathew, Jay Singh, and Ravindra Pratap Singh
v
vi Contents
Chapter 8 Genomic Analysis of Heavy Metal-Resistant Genes in
Wastewater Treatment Plants ...........................................................113
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, Abel Inobeme, Kshitij RB Singh,
Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, John Tsado Mathew,
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan, Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Jay Singh,
Vanya Nayak, and Ravindra Pratap Singh
Chapter 9 Molecular Characterization of Multidrug-Resistant Genes in
Wastewater Treatment Plants ...........................................................127
Charles Oluwaseun Adetunji, John Tsado Mathew,
Kshitij RB Singh, Ruth Ebunoluwa Bodunrinde, Abel Inobeme,
Olugbemi T. Olaniyan, Ogundolie Frank Abimbola, Jay Singh,
Vanya Nayak and Ravindra Pratap Singh
Chapter 10 Microbes and Events in Contaminant Biotransformation ................143
Sreejita Ghosh, Dibyajit Lahiri, Moupriya Nag,
Sougata Ghosh, and Rina Rani Ray
Chapter 11 Metagenomics for Studying Microbes in Wastewater
Treatment Plants ...............................................................................171
Anand Thirunavukarasou, Sweety Kaur, and
Harvinder Kour Khera
Chapter 12 Diversity and Interaction of Microbes in Biodegradation ................185
Aditya Ruikar and Hitesh S. Pawar
Chapter 13 Metagenomics: A Pathway for Searching in Microbial Contexts ....215
Aditi Nag, Bhavuk Gupta, and Sudipti Arora
Index ......................................................................................................................241
Preface
Treatment of wastewater discharged from various sources such as municipal, indus-
trial and agricultural activities and mining sites is a global challenge. Furthermore,
the disposal of raw wastewater into natural water streams put the ecology at the risk
of detrimental contamination. Generally, organic (hydrocarbons) and inorganic con-
taminants (heavy metals, inorganic salts and mineral acids) are the main sources of
pollution in water, affecting environment and health. In order to remove these harm-
ful contaminants, treatment of wastewater by biological means is the most sustainable
mode over chemical wastewater treatment. Microbial reactors or treatment systems
employing either bacterial, microalgae or fungal species are widely accepted in bio-
logical wastewater treatment systems. The selection of suitable species or consortia
is an important prerequisite for the performance of any microbial reactors. Moreover,
factors such as native microbial community, presence of organic and inorganic com-
ponents in the wastewater, and physico-chemical parameters such as pH, ambient
or regulated temperature, and light (for photosynthetic microorganisms) play key
roles in the performance of wastewater treatment process. These factors, directly or
indirectly, affect the initial microbial community present in the reactor, by aiding the
wastewater treatment process in a positive or negative way. Furthermore, advanced
molecular techniques play an important role in the identification of variance in the
microbial community during the whole wastewater treatment process. Molecular
tools such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE), confocal laser scan-
ning microscopy (CLSM), ribosomal spacer analysis (RISA), amplified ribosomal
DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) and ter-
minal restriction fragment length polymorphism (t-RFLP) have been developed for
understanding microbial community during wastewater treatment.
vii

Editor
Dr. Maulin P. Shah is Chief Scientist and Head of the Industrial Wastewater
Research Lab, Division of Applied and Environmental Microbiology Lab at Enviro
Technology Ltd., Ankleshwar, Gujarat, India. His work focuses on the impact of
industrial pollution on the microbial diversity of wastewater following cultivation-
dependent and cultivation-independent analysis. His major work involves isolation,
screening, identification, and genetically engineering high-impact microbes for the
degradation of hazardous materials. His research interests include biological waste-
water treatment, environmental microbiology, biodegradation, bioremediation, and
phytoremediation of environmental pollutants from industrial wastewaters. He has
published more than 250 research papers in national and international journals of
repute on various aspects of microbial biodegradation and bioremediation of envi-
ronmental pollutants. He is the editor of more than 150 books of international repute
(Elsevier, Springer, RSC, and CRC Press, De Gruyter, Nova Sciences). He is an
active editorial board member in top-rated International journals.
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