Table Of ContentMicro‐ and nano-structured
interpenetrating polyMer
networks
Micro‐ and
nano-structured
interpenetrating
polyMer networks
From design to applications
Edited by
proF. dr. sabu thoMas
dr. daniel grande
dr. uroš cvelbar
dr. k.v.s.n. raju
dr. raManuj narayan
dr. selvin p. thoMas
akhina h.
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Library of Congress Cataloging‐in‐Publication Data:
Names: Thomas, Sabu, editor.
Title: Micro- and nano-structured interpenetrating polymer networks : from design to applications /
edited by Prof. Dr. Sabu Thomas, Dr. Daniel Grande, Dr. Uroš Cvelbar, Dr. K.V.S.N. Raju,
Dr. Ramanuj Narayan, Dr. Selvin P. Thomas, Akhina H.
Description: Hoboken : Wiley, 2016. | Includes bibliographical references and index.
Identifiers: LCCN 2015047249 (print) | LCCN 2015050095 (ebook) | ISBN 9781118138175
(hardback) | ISBN 9781119138952 (Adobe PDF) | ISBN 9781119138969 (ePub)
Subjects: LCSH: Polymer networks. | Polymers–Industrial applications. |
BISAC: TECHNOLOGY & ENGINEERING / Chemical & Biochemical.
Classification: LCC QD382.P67 M53 2016 (print) | LCC QD382.P67 (ebook) |
DDC 620.1/92–dc23
LC record available at http://lccn.loc.gov/2015047249
Cover image courtesy of Getty Images/ Milanares
Set in 10.5/13.5pt Times by SPi Global, Pondicherry, India
Printed in the United States of America
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Contents
List of Contributors xiii
1 Micro‐ and nano-structured Interpenetrating Polymer
networks: state of the Art, new Challenges,
and opportunities 1
Jose James, George V. Thomas, Akhina H. and Sabu Thomas
1.1 Introduction, 1
1.2 Types of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 2
1.2.1 Full‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 2
1.2.2 Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 4
1.2.3 Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks, 4
1.2.4 Latex Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.2.5 Gradient Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.2.6 Thermoplastic Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.2.7 Semi‐Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.3 Synthesis of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.3.1 Sequential Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 5
1.3.2 Simultaneous Interpenetrating Networks, 7
1.4 Characterization of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 8
1.4.1 Morphology, 8
1.4.2 Thermal Properties, 14
1.4.3 Mechanical Properties, 16
vi CoNTeNTS
1.4.4 Kinetic Properties, 17
1.4.5 Spectroscopic Techniques, 18
1.4.6 Viscoelastic Measurements of Interpenetrating Polymer
Networks, 22
1.5 Applications of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 23
1.6 Future Trends, 23
Acknowledgement, 25
References, 25
2 Miscibility, Morphology, and Phase Behavior of IPns 29
Xuemei Wu, Gaohong He, Xiaoming Yan, Xiangcun Li,
Wu Xiao and Xiaobin Jiang
2.1 Introduction, 29
2.2 Miscibility of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 30
2.2.1 Thermodynamic Immiscibility of Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks, 30
2.2.2 Kinetically “Forced Compatibility” of
Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 34
2.3 Phase Diagram, 35
2.3.1 Types of Phase Diagrams, 35
2.3.2 Temperature–Composition Phase Diagram, 35
2.3.3 Monomer–Polymer Phase Diagram, 37
2.3.4 Phase Continuity Diagram, 40
2.4 Morphology of Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 43
2.4.1 Phase Separation Mechanism, 43
2.4.2 Typical Morphologies of Interpenetrating Polymer
Networks, 46
Acknowledgments, 62
References, 62
3 synthetic Rubber‐Based IPns 69
Qihua Wang, Shoubing Chen and Tingmei Wang
3.1 Introduction, 69
3.2 Synthetic Rubber‐Based IPNs, 71
3.2.1 The Synthesis Methods of Synthetic
Rubber‐Based IPNs, 71
3.2.2 General‐Purpose Rubber‐Based IPNs, 71
3.2.3 Specialty Rubber‐Based IPNs, 79
3.3 Summary and Conclusions, 101
CoNTeNTS vii
Acknowledgments, 102
References, 102
4 Micro‐ and nanostructured IPns Based on
thermosetting Resins 109
Sanja Marinović, Ivanka Popović and Branko Dunjić
4.1 Introduction, 109
4.2 experimental Details, 110
4.2.1 Materials, 110
4.2.2 Synthesis of IPN Components and
Sample Preparation, 112
4.2.3 IPN Characterization Techniques, 114
4.3 Influence of HBP(A) Contents in IPNs on IPN Mechanical
Properties, 115
4.3.1 Dynamic Mechanical Analysis, 115
4.4 Influence of Reactive Diluent in Interpenetrating Polymer
Networks on their Properties, 119
4.5 Conclusions, 124
Acknowledgment, 125
References, 125
5 Macro‐, Meso‐, and nanoporous systems Designed from IPns 127
Daniel Grande
5.1 Introduction, 127
5.2 Porous Systems Derived from Semi‐Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks, 130
5.2.1 Porous Networks by Selective Degradation of
Uncrosslinked Chains, 130
5.2.2 Porous Networks by Solvent extraction of
Uncrosslinked Chains, 131
5.3 (Nano)Porous Systems Derived from Interpenetrating
Polymer Networks, 135
5.3.1 Pioneering Studies, 135
5.3.2 Porous Networks by “Selective” electron Beam
Degradation, 136
5.3.3 Nanoporous Networks by Selective Hydrolysis, 136
5.4 Conclusions, 139
Acknowledgments, 140
References, 140
viii CoNTeNTS
6 natural Rubber‐Based Micro‐ and nanostructured IPns 145
Sa‐Ad Riyajan
6.1 Introduction, 145
6.2 Natural Rubber, 146
6.2.1 Basic Information of NR, 146
6.2.2 Properties, 147
6.2.3 Applications, 147
6.3 Synthesis of Polymer IPN, 148
6.3.1 Preparation of Semi‐IPN eNR and PVA, 154
6.3.2 Characterization of Morphology and Chemical
Interaction IPN, 155
6.4 Properties of IPN Made from NR and Plastics, 155
6.4.1 Swelling Behavior and Solvent Resistance, 156
6.4.2 Thermal Properties, 160
6.4.3 Mechanical Strength, 161
6.5 Conclusions, 174
Acknowledgments, 174
References, 174
7 the synthesis and the Applications of IPns Based on
smart Polymers 179
Guillermina Burillo, Emilio Bucio and Lorena Garcia‐Uriostegui
7.1 Introduction, 179
7.2 Stimuli‐Responsive Polymers, 180
7.3 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks and
Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks, 181
7.4 The Synthesis and the Applications of Semi‐Interpenetrating
Networks and Interpenetrating Networks, 181
7.4.1 Sequential Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks, 181
7.4.2 The Simultaneous Method for the Synthesis of
Semi‐Interpenetrating Networks, 182
7.4.3 A Comparison of the Properties between Sequential and
Simultaneous Semi‐Interpenetrating Network Films, 183
7.4.4 The SIPNs of Sensitive Star Polymers, 183
7.5 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks, 184
7.5.1 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Synthesized in one
Step by the Simultaneous Method, 184
7.5.2 Interpenetrating Polymer Networks Synthesized
in Two Steps, 184
