Michael Freeman's Photo School Fundamentals: Exposure, Light & Lighting, Composition

839 Pages·2013·32.074 MB·English

by  Michael Freeman

MICHAEL FREEMAN’S
PHOTO SCHOOL
FUNDAMENTALS

MICHAEL FREEMAN’S
PHOTO SCHOOL
FUNDAMENTALS
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF MICHAEL FREEMAN
First published in the USA 2013 by Focal Press
Focal Press is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
70 Blanchard Road, Suite 402, Burlington, MA 01803, USA
Copyright © 2013 The Ilex Press Ltd.
All rights reserved.
This book was conceived, designed, and produced by Ilex Press Limited, 210 High Street,
Lewes, BN7 2NS, UK
Publisher: Alastair Campbell
Associate Publisher: Adam Juniper
Managing Editor: Natalia Price-Cabrera
Specialist Editor: Frank Gallaugher
Editor: Tara Gallagher
Creative Director: James Hollywell
Senior Designer: Ginny Zeal
Design: Lisa McCormick
Color Origination: Ivy Press Reprographics
No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any
electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publishers.
Notices:
Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and
experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional
practices, or medical treatment may become necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in
evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described
herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety
and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility.
Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are used only
for identification and explanation without intent to infringe.
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data:
A catalog record for this book is available from the Library of Congress.
ISBN: 978-0-415-83578-7 (pbk)
ISBN: 978-0-203-76660-6 (ebk)
Typset in Caecilia Com
Photo on front cover © Joss; back cover © lkukl, Daniella Bowker; page 2 © Samir Khadem,
page 4 © Mikhail Basov. All other photography © Michael Freeman unless otherwise
indicated.
Contents

Foreword
Student Profiles
Exposure
A Record of Tonalities
Right Versus Wrong Exposure
Underexposure & Overexposure
Creative Use of Over- or Underexposure
ISO Speeds
Get the Shot with a High ISO
Lens Apertures
Demonstrate Depth-of-Field Control
The Math Behind the Numbers
Shutter Speed
Freeze the Action
Aperture & Shutter Speed: The Reciprocal Relationship
Exposure Modes
Histograms & Meters
How Light Meters See the World
In Search of Middle Gray
Metering Modes
Selective Metering Modes
Limit Yourself to Spot Metering
Color Temperature
White Balance Control
Set a Creative White Balance
Handling Extreme Contrast
Adjust with Exposure Compensation
High Dynamic Range Imaging
Combat the Contrast with HDR
The Zone System in a Digital World
Low-Key Images
Shoot the Shadows with a Low-Key Shot
High-Key Images
Hug the Highlights with a High-Key Shot
Light & Lighting
Bit-Depth & Tonality
The Sun Throughout the Day
Dealing with Strong Sunlight
Shooting into the Sun
Face the Sun Head-On
Golden Light
Clouds & Light
Weather Extremes
Your Choice of Rain, Fog, or Snow
Incandescent Light
Fluorescent Light
Vapor Discharge Light
Mixed Light
Camera-Mounted Flash
Balancing Flash to Ambient Light
Bounce, Diffuse, or Sync your Flash
Studio Flash
Continuous Light
Lighting Accessories
Home Studio
Positioning the Light
Light a Portrait
Soft Light
Enveloping Light
Bathe your Subject in Soft Light
Hard Light
Chiaroscuro
Kick It Up a Notch with Hard Light
Side & Edge Lighting
Bring Out the Texture
Personal Lighting Styles
Find Your Own Personal Lighting Style
Composition
Pick Your Subject
Filling the Frame
Horizontals & Verticals
Subject Placement
The Golden Ratio
Using Lines to Pull Attention
Diagonal, Curved, & Imaginary Lines