Metric Handbook

784 Pages·2008·19.6 MB·English

EDITED BY DAVID ADLER
METRIC
HANDBOOK
PLANNING
AND
DESIGN
DATA
SECOND EDITION
Architectural
Press
Metric Handbook CD-ROM
Planning and Design Data
David Adler BSc DIC CEng MICE
Civil Engineering Consultant
This CD
is an invaluable time-saving tool for architects
and designers
has over 1700 symbols dealing with all the
principal building types
gives you additional search, select and
insert facilities
shows you space requirements between furniture
as well as standard sizing specifications
The drawings can be used with AutoCAD R12, R13, R14 and AutoCAD LT also with
MicroStation SE, MicroStation 95 and MicroStation TriForma and IntelliCAD 98.
CONTENTS: Notation; Design Data; Sanitary Installations; Transport; Mechanised
Movement; External Design; Workplaces; Public Buildings; High Street; Eating and
Drinking; Entertainment; Sport and Leisure; Learning and Research; Dwellings
0 7506 3293 3 CD-Rom 1999 £150.00 + VAT
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METRIC HANDBOOK
Planning and Design Data
EDITED BY
David Adler
Architectural Press
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHI
Architectural Press
An imprint of Butterworth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 8DP
A member of the Reed Elsevier plc group
First published as AJ Metric Handbook by The Architectural Press 1968
Second edition 1969
Third edition 1970
First published as New Metric Handbook 1979
Revised reprint 1981
Reprinted 1984, 1985, 1988, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998
Second edition (as Metric Handbook) 1999
© Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd 1979, 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced in
any material form (including photocopying or storing in any medium by
electronic means and whether or not transiently or incidentally to some
other use of this publication) without the written permission of the
copyright holder except in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a licence issued by the
Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London,
England W1P 9HE. Applications for the copyright holder’s written
permission to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
Metric handbook. – 2nd ed.
1. Architecture – Handbooks, manuals, etc.
2. Architecture – Standards – Handbooks, manuals, etc.
I. Adler, David
721'.028
ISBN 0 7506 0899 4
Composition by Genesis Typesetting, Laser Quay, Rochester, Kent
Printed and bound in Great Britain
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Contents
Preface vii 19 Studios for sound and vision
David Binns
Acknowledgements viii
20 Auditoria
1 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional Ian Appleton and Joe Aveline
coordination
21 Community centres
2 Basic design data Jim Tanner
David Adler
22 Swimming
3 Sanitary installations and cloakrooms Gerald Perrin
Alan Tye Design Ltd
23 Boating
4 Design for the vehicle John Rawson
David Adler
24 Outdoor sports and stadia
5 Aids to pedestrian movement Peter Ackroyd and Geraint John
David Adler
25 Indoor sports
6 Landscape design Peter Ackroyd
Michael Littlewood
26 Equestrian design
7 Terminals and transport interchanges Rod Sheard and Frank Bradbeer
Chris Blow
27 Places of worship
8 Factories Leslie Fairweather, Atba Al-Samarraie and David Adler
Jolyon Drury
28 Schools
9 Industrial storage buildings Guy Hawkins
Jolyon Drury
29 Higher education
10 Farm buildings
John Weller 30 Laboratories
Tony Branton and Chris Bissell
11 Offices
DEGW 31 Museums, art galleries and temporary exhibition spaces
Geoffrey Matthews
12 Law courts
Christopher Rainford 32 Libraries and information centres
13 Retail trading 33 Houses and flats
Fred Lawson Ian Chown
14 Payment and counselling offices 34 Student housing and housing for young people
Derek Montefiore Liz Pride
15 Public service buildings 35 Homes for old people
Derek Montefiore Ian Smith
16 Primary health care 36 Hotels
Ann Noble Fred Lawson and John Rawson
17 Hospitals 37 Tropical design
Rosemary Glanville and Anthony Howard Martin Evans
18 Eating and drinking 38 Thermal environment
Fred Lawson, John Rawson and Frank Bradbeer Phil Jones
vi Contents
39 Light 44 Access for maintenance
Joe Lynes
45 Service distribution
40 Sound
46 Materials
Neil Spring
41 Structure
Appendix A The SI system
David Adler
Appendix B Conversion factors and tables
42 Fire
Beryl Menzies Appendix C List of contributors
43 Security
David Adler Index
Preface
Seventeen years have passed since the last main revision of the responsible for material in earlier editions, going back to the three
Metric Handbook. While the changeover from the Imperial system special editions of the Architects’ Journal in 1970 that started it
of measurement to metric in the building industry has passed into off. I thank all of those that I remember in the Acknowledgements
the mists of time (it started over thirty years ago), we are still in the which follow, and apologise to those whom I fail to mention.
throes of an almost equally traumatic change. This is the change Fuller details of major contributors than can be included in the
from our British system of standards and codes of practice to ones chapter headings will be found in Appendix C at the end of the
that will eventually be common over most of Europe, and even in book.
some cases over the whole world. This new edition marks the honoured passing of the doyen of
This radical revision of our standards is still in process. While architectural reference books. I refer to Planning, The Architect’s
the information in this new edition is as up to date as possible, Handbook which is now not to be republished since the recent
further changes occur almost daily. While the basic concepts of death of its distinguished last editor, Derek Mills CBE. Planning
design are constant so the information should be adequate for evolved in the 1930s from weekly notes in the Architect and
initial design purposes, the latest and fullest information should be Building News, and was a vade-mecum for generations of
consulted before finalisation. The bibliographies at the end of most architects – I myself found it invaluable as an engineering student
of the chapters should assist in this. in the fifties. I have incorporated some of its material in this
In a handbook covering such a wide field as this, it is inevitable new edition of the Metric Handbook, and I hope that this, while
that not everything can be as detailed as one would prefer. something of a johnny-come-lately, will be regarded a worthy
Statements are made that may require qualification. When successor.
frequently repeated, it becomes tedious to continually read terms A project of this scale is bound to contain errors, and I would
such as generally, normally, in many cases. The actual use of such be grateful to be informed of any that are found. However,
terms has been restricted, but the reader should treat all statements neither I, the contributors nor the publishers can accept responsi-
made in the book as covered by a general proviso. Each situation bility for loss or damage resulting from inaccuracies or
is unique, and its problems may demand solutions that break rules omissions.
found in sources such as this.
Very many people have assisted me in the preparation of this David Adler
new edition, and I have built upon the many others who were November 1998
Acknowledgements
Organizations who have contributed and/or helped are: the John Jordan Paul Noble
British Standards Institution, Department of Environment, Trans- John Keenan Julian Oseley
port and the Regions, Health and Safety Executive, Institution of Alexander Kira Oliver Palmer
Structural Engineers, Steel Construction Institute, the late David Knipe Tim Pharoah
lamented Greater London Council, County Councils of Cheshire, Leslie Knopp Esmond Reid
Devon, Essex and Lancashire, and the Cyclists’ Touring Club. Sarah Kors David Schreiber
Individuals who have made substantial contributions to the book Mary Langshaw Steve Scrivens
are generally named in the chapter headings. In addition, the editor David Lush Jan Sliwa
has received help from a large number of other people over the years Jim McCluskey Peter Stubbs
for this and for previous editions. He wishes to express his sincere Tony McKendry Patricia Tutt
thanks to all of these. Some of those in the list below are Jay McMahan Maritz Vandenberg
unfortunately no longer with us, but deserve to be remembered. If Bruce Martin Neil Warnock-Smith
anyone is omitted from the list (which is in alphabetical order), my Colin Moore John Weller
apologies – it will be due to a fallible memory! John Nelson Jeremy Wilson
Anthony Noakes David Wolchover
Peter Ackroyd Renata Corbani George Noble Zoë Youd
Don Adie Susan Cunningham John Noble
Tanya Bocking Betsy Dinesen
Brian Barclay Francis Duffy A special acknowledgement to my wife Jill Adler, who took on the
Brian Brookes Peter Forbes mammoth task of proof-reading.
Geoff Burt Brenda Goddard Extracts from British Standards are reproduced with the
Ruth Cannock Selwyn Goldsmith permission of BSI under licence number PD/19990450. Complete
John Carter Godfrey Golzen copies can be obtained by post from BSI Customer Services,
Mike Cash John Gridley 389 Chiswick High Road, London, W4 4AL.
Richard Chisnell Simon Inglis Crown Copyright is reproduced with the permission of the
Mike Chrimes Geraint John Controller of Her Majesty’s Stationery Office.
1 Notation, drawing office practice and
dimensional coordination
CI/SfB (1976 revised) (A3t) and (F43)
UDC: 744 and 69.032
KEY POINT: improved a space can be left in large groups of digits at every
•
For clear understanding the conventions must be followed. thousand point. Where there are only four digits, a space between
the first digit and the others is not desirable (e.g. 15 000, 1500).
Contents (However, the comma is used in currency, e.g. £115,000.)
1 Notation
2 Paper sizes 1.02 Symbols
3 Ordnance survey maps 1 The main symbols should be used as shown in Table I. The same
4 Drawings symbol, i.e. m, mm, kg, should be used for singular and plural
5 Measuring instruments values (1 kg, 10 kg), and no full stops or other punctuation
6 Dimensional coordination marks should be used after the symbol unless it occurs at the end
7 Planning of a sentence. Use a ‘solidus’ or sloping line as a separator
8 References between numerator and denominator, i.e. 3 kg/m3 or 3 kg/cu m
(three kilograms per cubic metre).
2 A single space should separate figures from symbols: 10 m, not
1 NOTATION
10m.
1.01 Decimal marker 3 The unit should be written in full if there is any doubt about the
The decimal marker (full stop) on the baseline is the standard symbol. For example, the recognised unit symbol 1 for the unit
decimal point in the UK; but the marker at the halfway position is litre can be confused with the number 1 and it is less confusing
also acceptable. It should be noted that Continental practice is to to write litre in full. Also, the unit symbol t for tonne may in
use the comma on the baseline. some circumstances be confused with the imperial ton, and the
When the value to be expressed is less than unity it should be unit tonne should then be written in full.
preceded by zero (e.g. 0.6 not .6). Whole numbers may be 4 When symbols are raised to various powers, it is only the
expressed without a decimal marker. The appropriate number of symbol which is involved and not the number attached to it.
decimal places should be chosen depending on the circumstances Thus 3 m3 equals 3 (m)3 and not 3 m · 3 m · 3 m (i.e. the
in which the resulting value is to be used. answer is 3 cubic metres and not 27 cubic metres).
5 Difficulty may be experienced when reproducing the squaring
Thousand marker and cubing indices m2 or mm2, and m3 or mm3. In such cases,
To avoid confusion with the Continental decimal marker, no units may be written with the indices on the line instead of as
thousand marker should be used. Where legibility needs to be superscripts (m2, m3). Alternatively, particularly when the
Table I Summary of symbols and notation
Quantity Description Correct unit Accepta ble Incorrect use Notes
symbol alternatives
Numerical values 0.1 .1 When the value is less than unity, the decimal
0.01 .01 point should be preceded by zero
0.001 .001
Length metre m m. M meter
millimetre mm m.m. mm.
MM M.M.
milli-metre
Area square m 2 sq m m.sq sm
metre sq.m sq m.
Volume cubic metre m 3 cu m cu.m m.cu.
cubic millimetre mm3 cu mm cu.mm. mm.cub.
mm.cu.
litre (liquid volume) 1, ltr 1. lit. Preferably write litre in full to avoid ‘l’ being
taken for figure ‘one’
Mass (weight) tonne t ton Preferably write tonne in full to avoid being
mistaken for imperial ton
kilogram kg Kg kG kg.
kilogramme
gram g g. G.
Force newton N N. n Note that when used in written text, the unit of
newton is spelled out in full and begins with a
lower-case letter ‘n’. When used as unit symbol,
in calculation or in a formula it is then expressed
as capital letter ‘N’
1-1
1-2 Notation, drawing office practice and dimensional coordination
general public is involved, the abbreviations ‘sq’ and ‘cu’ may 841 841
be used (sq m, cu m).
6 Units should not be hyphenated (milli-metres).
4
1.03 Notation 59
1 As a rule the sizes of components should be expressed in
2co5 nmsimst etnhti cka nadn dn onto t m1i.x5e dm u · ni6t0s0, em.gm. 1 · 52050 mmmm th· ick6.0 H0 omwemv er·, 1189 1189
for long thin components such as timbers, it is preferable to mix 97
the units, e.g. 100 mm · 75 mm · 10 m long. 4 420 2
2 It is important to distinguish clearly between the metric tonne 59
148
and the imperial ton. The tonne is equivalent to 2204.6 lb while 210
the ton is equal to 2240 lb – a difference of 1.6 per cent.
148
3 The interval of temperature should be referred to as degree 74
Celsius (°C) and not as centigrade. The word centigrade is used 420 210 105105
by the Continental metric countries as a measure of plane angle 1.2 A-sizes retain the same proportion (1:(cid:214) 2), each size being
and equals 1/10 000th part of a right angle.
half the size above
Examples
841
Correct use Incorrect use A size mm 210 185 185
33 m 3 cm 3 mm AA10 854914 ·· 1814819
10.100 m 10 m 100 mm* A2 420 · 594
50.750 kg 50 kg 750g A3 297 · 420 97
2
A4 210 · 297
*Note. Some metric values are expressed differently in certain countries. The value 4
of 10.100 m, for example, could mean ten thousand one hundred metres and not A5 148 · 210 59
A6 105 · 148
ten metres one hundred millimetres, as in the UK. A7 74 · 105
7
A8 52 · 74 29
A9 37 · 52
A10 26 · 37
2 PAPER SIZES measurements represent eq eq
The International A-series of paper sizes is used for all drawings trimmed sizes
and written material.
folding A1 size
1.3 A-series of paper sizes
2.01 Sizes in the A-series
The A range is derived from a rectangle A0, 1.1, of area 1 m2 with
sides x and y such that x:y = 1:(cid:214) 2 (i.e. x = 841 mm; y = 1189 mm).
2.03 Pre-metric paper sizes
The other sizes in the series are derived downwards by pro-
Old drawings will frequently be found in the sizes common prior
gressively halving the size above across its larger dimension. The
to the changeover to metric. These sizes are given in Table II.
proportions of the sizes remain constant, 1.2.
2.04 Drawing boards
2.02 Trimmed sizes and tolerances Drawing boards are currently manufactured to fit A-size paper,
The A formats are trimmed sizes and therefore exact; stubs of tear- while vertical and horizontal filing cabinets and chests have
off books, index tabs, etc. are always additional to the A internal dimensions approximately corresponding to the board
dimensions. Printers purchase their paper in sizes allowing for the sizes listed in Table III. Boards, cabinets and chests designed for
following tolerances of the trimmed sizes: the pre-metric paper sizes are still in use.
•
For dimensions up to and including 150 mm, +1.5 mm
•
For dimensions greater than 150 mm up to and including
3 ORDNANCE SURVEY MAPS
600 mm, +2 mm
•
For dimensions greater than 600 mm, +3 mm. Recommended 3.01
methods of folding the larger A-sized prints are given in 1.3. Ordnance Survey maps are now based completely on metric
measurements and are immediately available to the following
scales:
1:50 000, 1:25 000, 1:10 000, 1:25 000 and 1:1250.
However, new computer methods of storage and retrieval mean
Y that maps can be supplied to any desired scale.
X Table II Pre-metric paper and drawing board sizes
Name Paper size Board size
Half imperial 559 · 381 594 · 405
Imperial 762 · 559 813 · 584
Double elephant 1016 · 679 1092 · 737
1.1 Derivation of the rectangle A0, which has a surface area of Antiquarian 1346 · 787 1372 · 813
1m2