Methods of determining and effects of certain factors on the degree of pollen abortion in maize

84 Pages·012.512 MB·English

by  Pittenger, Thad Heckle

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’ 8ETH0DS OF i W iim ilH AND
g p i of m im m mmom m THE
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A00K3RIJ3XKSMK1IXS
9rmt a»t.Kfty ffrfuM t« iKiW^gay Kftg ainoer© Mw a w M it%q8 p. E. F.
"'" 'IM ^ip -SbW-WpWB- tpWwWWWww* *•* IB1 ““ w1 *** Br
Frallk for ht« gaJWtaWi throuf#iout the course of this study and for hia
helpfial M gpstliW in the preparation of title paper, and to the Uepart-
nent of ip tm a r, Onlveraity of Nebraska for providing the facilities
for tM s aork possible.
The author ia indebted 'to the SeBalA -alter K iller Fellowship
OormS&Imhi and tfeMi Atonic finerf^ CoaBslesion for research f ellowahijse,
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LITiSHAf UKE W 3
H istorical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
of * * . # , * # # # * * # * # * |
Stalniag o f f%»3l8#t « » « ' * # * • * * * 5
P i^m ratiori of ita tittt for M in i ib o rtia ii D©t©jwination . • . 5
Variation in IN*«wltag#» of A boiM P©il®n Grains , . . , . . 6
The Prolilsm of Gaapling I
a * o f Holloa Abortion Ski* * • « ' » * » * « * » * * » 10
IfctEftXItt AID IfleiBO&S 11
Qmmral 11
C lassification of f&tkm Grains .................... , Hi
'Pr®t»riM fo r fOlloH AW>r»^fm lAitOr**na$Aana , . , . , 3J*
15
vui* 4^*1 iA
variawk -tilki'oll iknw Amt u jttrwwaouoautetaintAttJak ^s— woJrI Aa %mo ao himnA the. iJar ISrkModKi Tito annt . . . . . . . . . . j*. '*i»
nTh.©A .«a»a-----&-----p<< xing »WL<k*stt»iiJofcalt Iist
the- &££m%» of'?affe«» WmtmmmflmX mad Beisiditary Factors
on ttna ForeantaaB o f FoIIsb Abortion 19
wirOW' W®Wf SB..®* Wl®wr»* ** "wr^PO trlfcwWwp 40 ®4 4® 4© 0^ 4® 40 40 ®? 4® w>
Qoo^raj^iical location » . . , * .
Bat® o f planting 20
Anthers tvm jD edicillate vs. sessile Bpikelets • « . . . 21
Gate o f pollen shedding and position of the anthers on
tlto bMMMl • « « . . . . » « « * . . » » . . • . * * # 21
Gan4e #« * * # * * * . » » . * * , # # * * * # * # 22
4(1 -tffeOtaMtt 43JwMi?^c!MPOtBaS « « * * « « * # * # • • * * « * * «
M in i jyfeofbloa to* Pollen * * * . . . . . * . . * « 23
OTMHMMIItff. M l . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . t$
C lassification o f Pollen ©rata* f |
tpfe® irffVaaiiaMkOO oilwWWaIaI.. l$Sr$ire^W*wet -OSv^kMyi -wW afejS mtljul^ aaMk ^I wA?l llp # # # Wrj^Ep^r
poliinHTI * # * # # # #
diae and starch ftffaiotod t f « # * * » t l
Pollen gfO lJii «ith peripheral rini;s . . . . . . . . . . . JO
orums .-.nwtf.e n a.1 p-Jiior. *3x ^ion j j
.
Mwt-h»d# o f Preparing UmmtM for Follon Abortion
w*. will w wWVbE ^™wlWw ww 4®f UPw w 4ir*MMPII4B^4P(R4l. ^"4H.wpfwp wwIWWIPwww
Betawinationo . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
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mm
The agar method . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
The Karo method 3?
Variation in Percentages of Abated Pollen . . . . . . 39
The Sampling Method la
For inbrwfs la
For hj%rlds k7
Effect of fariomi &Rriroi^wt«4 and 'Semeiitazgr Factors
on the Percentage of Pollan Abortion . . . . . . . k$
Geographies! location . . . . . . . . . . . . . . k9
High temporatur® . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
Date of planting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . m
Anther® from pedicillate and sessile apikelets , it
Date of pollen shedding and jwsitlttft of anther on
the tassel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . it
te l# influencea . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $k
Translocation involved 16
fallen Abortion m» Follen Sterility 18
8X«S§f€« i 60
Fr«$«ratiim of Mounts for fbllea Abortion Determinations * , . 60
tepsrieoa of methods . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
ffee Saapliiig '9roblm ik
If feet of the Imriroawwt on the. Percentage of Fallen
Abortion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
Effects of ftexwtltaigr Factors on the l^reeitbage of Pollen
Abortion 6?
SUMMARY TO
XJfBRAfBHS Clf® » * » • • » * « • * • « « » • » « » • » * » ' » » 7h
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ISfUfiBUQflG#
degree of pollen abortion In maiss© is commonly ^ used as ft- mnm?i
of pollen sterility wsuliliig ism mwi@w chromosomal aberrations, gems,
and plasmagenes. However, certain needed information on making mounts,
olft»®:ifio«tion of polios type#, ssaplliig, and th# relationship between
degree of pollen abortion {dwiabtoi* ism mwmA 4m appearance) - and
pollen s te rility (lack of eftptoility 'to in fertilisation) has
a it been a m ilA lt* AMOBdtagly* Hit studies were undertaken in
a® Jittempt to develop standard procedure® whidi sjis^bt be of value bo
other worlmm u tilisin g pollen ab«rii«i m « tool is e /to f« itio wsearcti.
Hum 'the ttmkm of pollen grata* in a aaiwi inflorescence is very
h i# (ca» a$*000,00(>* «o«Mnitag to XtMMMOtaalif !$$)> e&Mftif&aftltaa of
a<*.*•l "li eii4xi|ft ill# poni i*e1 jnK'-n , i— igndnyif.f -t#i..i, i®lira A-iumn. Mka tongiA* apall ant, ea*§ S'■itunrn --a------s--jks &y cases jbe rfcv«* it-e. ->An Sin ft
single anther, Is tatjpaatieal# For this reason, ptmm&ags* of aborted
pollsn must be determined on the bawia of wm^pjd.'Bg, flawtptfag in tnm
necessitates th© us© of slides on which the p«*|t<B|> grains are' uniformly
ana homogeneously aistributea ana the use ox sample aisftft and, ni®o©r®
*1Id i ftoenimtftly reHeot percentages of pollen abortion la the population.
Is in any sampling pm dtes, ftffieienoy of thft method Is also important.
Xn the past, water has been the prSneipd, await tag medium employed
M i»>akitig' mm for Dollen abortion doterssinations. tmi it ia not
entirely saMsfftctory for this purpose. It it ft wall-teara fact that
shea water is used a 'di^w pw ti«itttely large awtier of ife# >aborted
grata* aw found toward thft outer adgft* of the preparation (3rlnk# Iflf*
Rrollk, 19fa8f and Qafber, ifhf))*. the «p#ei£ie gravity separation of thft
normal art aborted phUsa grata* ia mater not th* fsot that th® newel
gmta® are web larger than th» «to®rt«d gr«i«# eontribtttft materially to
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I
tha failure q£ tnt#** to ^ive satlsfaotoi*r Boring the tte§ ten
covs^slip is fr*ftpg jjy'Hotij Us® two types of pattftw gm<^« respond diffeiv
awttly to tj^fffte*ft forces in such ft. ««a^tn»t» that th@ rosrtlting affo^iwitieo
! ;
If not 'A ,i»M.<tlkotary w^|<if40W to this psetoMtt Atm^mAmA ypon
jtmjlag ft aei^jod of ppftpftFlng Meant# #tich wottid give a ywasMtteSy hcsso**
misttsHmm of and aborted ■ gayt-a# utii#ar*aly dist#IJtettS<Nl
ftft #&SUKNNM(pft ftJUMNill*
«* ^OUl^*w jpjyKESI# ^^wsI^bS^w ^PKw^WiWP^^i *ftlfwllSy# sSEH* w®Srl*
n# th® pliMot ssust its oomtidftffttl as a flytit© popoiatioti nbifttk is a ffWfjpjil
of « vciy large mraber of stsnh jmpui.«ji-.i^TO«il Bii^nm anthers of different
plants mm iralijftfti to the ♦Jfeftfc# of WMPiosii envircsmentsl and jpnifttics
t» «*tar to aooviratoly deteimlne tho degree of jpftTlum abortion# fh# '
hmMI ^j^ft 0®rtaln
■tmtmm.*i,:mmm nitii iWEKWSfc tft iM M ft# fM&lftn afeortion rnft KMMMjltflai atii-ir
fFw^W* Wwri(*j||P*|irip v "-^ ™f* ■pt' P*P t£*p ■w*' vpwft«BMS - W*W*f Wr "WWS'wwJp Ww " JjJr^eWp W^pSPP^SPPPwWp eUneOftftft^
objoctiTOs of those investigations mm M follows t (x) to
A w ftlfif «■ a riM ft#
eelatiiMMibta batofton wftl.feMi abortion «*«*t temtlmn S to rilitV I (i) to develoD
w ' P ""*' Pf ■•mV'Jiff fli^^Hr wr- w w Jf 'W p ■■ wip^ w 'PW wrliHWW* w MS .ffi ^^sF' 9 ft ^®'Jp *p S* ^ pP^pBw'P^ jy
ft sutltablo fflothod of proparing oounts to be 'iwe^l in the dot®roisntion o f
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3
the porcrmtage of pollen & tortio»f (3) to ■develop m s&rarato m& © l'fl- '
clent towpMfflg isetHodj #rttl (li) to ottidy to# offooto #£ varlonB genetic
®nd envirsnittMsntol tootor® on pollen fttorttolt*
UCBUTQM' M ffSto".
itotortoii
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plete to*fi those of hie ti^ifiti tft^. a' ASmaftfc
888$^i^i0feSKi?^ j^sf^ *^8b8 38^81^888^ 81^88^8- jj^88Kf^888 ^ | 8fe6i^8$&4£iB88£r
nor® than droplet® of oil end storcfe grains, (tot ttif% th# storeh in
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■ -fl^atotoSwlP *to • t3^wB>^0Fwi n Bp3'3»^ejjr
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poli«®ASi*: gMriUoI ins* ifSfrc»aii»tns Aa-asm, c-arajLi.e **■- #% VO iJTt .<jgfch^hJmi-eekm^kjB 'Jtbo'il*#4A. teres itfco A r^1a <8 ~Bit ■ *t*t, 'I*f' aw .m,. j, J§ U"tIln'Mt*iMne'’
to stoSto to 1fito' <Bitosp i®d inner w a ll, rtoppetotojjfjf #P ton ®widte*
He rooortad that althonMi Hi® 'nollen iTi^inu ol* the raa lorltif o# slant
" * se®pee)p ■n®*ii.#w',w #FnF*#M*piwiiFn jn^k^iP-iwsniH^ ws* a.*w- e* en-enjp snp sniprisptnejr
jMiwyKijffcttffei# i^jffj' nhffMMii.. ett*i|rtWUK& ilI I~aln II*t 1 miiiiB.'fe WMj-XftL AfcAMWdB |# jjltt
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(Ito l) ^howffd' that the Itt^-I™* consists ol* cellnlo#® an^l
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