Table Of ContentMethods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis
Methods of Cancer Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis
Volume 7
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Methods of Cancer Diagnosis,  
Therapy, and Prognosis
Volume 7
Methods of Cancer Diagnosis,  
Therapy, and Prognosis
General Overviews, Head and Neck Cancer  
and Thyroid Cancer
Edited by
M.A. Hayat
Department of Biological Sciences,
Kean University, Union, NJ, USA
Editor
M.A. Hayat
Department of Biological Sciences
Kean University
Union, NJ, USA
ISBN 978-90-481-3185-3 e-ISBN 978-90-481-3186-0
Library of Congress Control Number: 2009941464
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New technology, for better or for worse, will be used, as that is our nature.
Lewis Thomas
You have been given the key that opens the gates of heaven; the same key opens the 
gates of hell.
Writing at the entrance to a Buddhist temple
Contributors
Laurent Alberti  Vladimir Bilim 
Centre Léon Bérard, 28, Rue Laennec,  Department of Urology, Yamagata 
69008 Lyon, France University Faculty of Medicine, Iida-nishi 
2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, Japan
Juan Luis Alcázar 
Department of Obstetrics and  Michael J. Birrer 
Gynecology, Clínica Universitaria de  Cell and Cancer Biology, National Cancer 
Navarra, University of Navarra, Avenida  Institute, 37 Convent Drive, Room 1068, 
Pio XII, 36 Pamplona 31008, Spain Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
Damien Ambrosetti  Jean-Yves Bla 
Service d’Anatomie Pathologique,  INSERM U590, Centre Léon Bérard,  
Hôpital Pasteur, 30 Avenue de la Voie  Rue Laennec, 69008 Lyon, France
Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
Malte Böhm 
Yaser Atlasi  Department of Urology, Otto-von-
Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic  Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44, 
Science, Tarbiat Modares University,   D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany
P.O. Box: 1411-175, Tehran, Iran
Kristin L.M. Boylan 
Allyson C. Baker  Department of Laboratory Medicine and 
University of Alabama at Birmingham,  Pathology, The University of Minnesota 
NP 3537, 619 19th Street South,  Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, 
Birmingham, AL 35249, USA USA
Surinder K. Batra  Laura Brousseau 
Department of Biochemistry and  Centre Léon Bérard, 28, rue Laennec, 
Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,  69008 Lyon, France
Eppley Cancer Institute 7052 Durham 
Research Center, University of Nebraska  Fanny Burel-Vandenbos 
Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska  Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, 
Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870,  Hôpital Pasteur, 30 Avenue de la Voie 
USA Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
vii
viii  Contributors
Gabriel Caponetti  Isabelle Ray Coquard 
Department of Pathology, Baystate  Centre Léon Bérard, 28, Rue Laennec, 
Medical Center, Tufts School of  69008 Lyon, France
Medicine, 759 Chestnut Street, 
Springfeld, MA 01109, USA Dean Daya 
Department of Pathology and Nuclear 
Nathalie Cardot-Leccia  Medicine, Henderson General Hospital, 
Service d’Anatomie Pathologique,  McMaster University, 711 Concession 
Hôpital Pasteur, 30 Avenue de la Voie  Street, Hamilton, Ontario L8V IC3, 
Romaine, 06000 Nice, France Canada
Philippe Cassier  Anne-Valérie Decouvelaere 
Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service  Centre Léon Bérard, 28, Rue Laennec, 
d’Oncologie Médicale, Pavillon E,   69008 Lyon, France
5 Place d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
Bruce J. Dezube 
Tridib Chakraborty  Department of Medicine, Beth Israel 
Division of Biochemistry,   Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard 
Department of Pharmaceutical  Medical School, Boston, MA 02215,  
Technology, Jadavpur University,   USA
P.O. Box 17028, Calcutta 700032,  
West Bengal, India Sean C. Dowdy 
Division of Gynecologic Surgery, 
Malay Chatterjee  Department of Obstetrics and 
Division of Biochemistry, Department  Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street 
of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur  SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
University, P.O. Box 17028, Calcutta 
700032, West Bengal, India Armelle Dufresne 
Hôpital Edouard Herriot, Service 
David Chhieng  d’Oncologie médicale, Pavillon E, 5 Place 
University of Alabama at Birmingham,  d’Arsonval, 69003 Lyon, France
619 19th Street South, Birmingham,  
AL 35249, USA Jérôme Fayette 
Centre Léon Bérard, 28, Rue Laennec, 
William A. Cliby   69008 Lyon, France
Division of Gynecologic Surgery, 
Department of Obstetrics and  Michael Fiegl 
Gynecology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street  Department of Internal Medicine/
SW, Rochester,   Oncology, Academic Natters Hospital,  
MN 55905, USA In der Stille 20, A-6161 Natters, Austria
Joseph P. Connor  Olivier Gheysens 
University of Wisconsin-Madison,   Department of Nuclear Medicine, 
CSC H4/656, 600 Highland Avenue,  University Hospital KU Leuven, 
Madison, WI 53792, USA Herestraat 49, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
Contributors  ix
Elfriede Greimel  Andrew Horvai 
Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology,  University of California, San Francisco, 
Medical University Graz, Auenbruggerplatz  1600 Divisadero Drive, B220, San 
14, A-8036 Graz, Austria Francisco, CA 94115, USA
Perry W. Grigsby  Kazuhiko Ino 
Department of Radiation Oncology,  Department of Obstetrics and 
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,  Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate 
Washington University School of  School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, 
Medicine, Box 8224, 4921 Parkview Place,  Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Lower Level, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
Toshiyuki Itoi 
William E. Grizzle  Department of Urology, Yamagata 
University of Alabama at Birmingham,  University Faculty of Medicine,  
619 19th Street South, Birmingham,   Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, 
AL 35249, USA Japan
Jennifer A. A. Gubbels  Seyed Mehdi Jafarnejad, Department 
University of Wisconsin-Madison, CSC  of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Science, 
H4/656, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison,  Tarbiat Modares University, P.O. Box: 
WI 53792, USA 1411-175, Tehran, Iran
Christian Hafner  Hiroaki Kajiyama 
Department of Dermatology, University  Department of Obstetrics and 
of Regensburg, Franz-Josefstrauss-Allee  Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate 
11, Regensburg 93042, Germany School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, 
Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Hiroshi Hashimoto 
Department of Pathology and Oncology,  Shingo Kato 
School of Medicine, University of  Research Central Hospital for Charged 
Occupational and Environmental Health,  Particle Therapy, National Institute of 
1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu  Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawe, 
807-8555, Japan Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
Juliette Haudebourg  Fumitaka Kikkawa 
Service d’Anatomie Pathologique,  Department of Obstetrics and 
Hôpital Pasteur, 30 Avenue de la Voie  Gynecology, Nagoya University Graduate 
Romaine, 06000 Nice, France School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, 
Showa-ku, Nagoya 466-8550, Japan
Masanori Hisaoka 
Department of Pathology and Oncology,  Seung Hyup Kim 
School of Medicine, University of  Department of Radiology, Seoul National 
Occupational and Environmental Health,  University Bundang Hospital 300, 
1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu  Gumi-dong, Bundang-Gu, Songnam-si, 
807-8555, Japan Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea
x  Contributors
Tobias Klatte  Ryo Maruyama 
Department of Urology, Otto-von- Department of Urology, Yamagata 
Guericke Universität, Leipziger Str. 44,  University Faculty of Medicine,  
D-39120 Magdeburg, Germany Iida-nishi 2-2-2, Yamagata 990-9585, 
Japan
Michael Landthaler 
Department of Dermatology, Regensburg  Atsuji Matsuyama 
University Medical Center, Franz-Josef- Department of Pathology and Oncology, 
Strauss-Allee 11, Regensburg 93053,  School of Medicine, University of 
Germany Occupational and Environmental Health, 
1-1 Iseigaoka, Yahatanishi-ku, Kitakyushu 
Hak Jong Lee  807-8555, Japan
Department of Radiology, Seoul National 
University Bundang Hospital 300,  Milena M. Maule 
Gumi-dong, Bundang-Gu, Songnam-si,  Cancer Epidemiology Unit, CeRMS 
Gyeonggi-do, 463-707, Korea and CPO-Piemonte, University of Turin, 
10126 Torino, Italy
Subodh M. Lele 
Department of Biochemistry and  Jiri Mayer 
Molecular Biology, College of Medicine,  Department of Internal Medicine/
Eppley Cancer Institute, 7052 Durham  Oncology, Academic Natters Hospital,  
Research Center, University of Nebraska  In der Stille 20, A-6161 Natters,  
Medical Center, 985870 Nebraska  Austria
Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198-5870, 
USA Pierre Méeus 
Centre Léon Bérard, 28, Rue Laennec, 
Jonathan S. Lewin  69008 Lyon, France
Department of Radiology, Duke 
University Medical Center, Duke   Elmar M. Merkle 
North-Room 1417, Erwin Road, Durham,  Department of Radiology, Duke 
NC 27710, USA University Medical Center, Duke North-
Room 1417, Erwin Road, Durham, NC 
Lilie L. Lin  27710, USA
Department of Radiation Oncology, 
Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology,  Jean-Francois Michiels 
Washington University School of  Service d’Anatomie Pathologique, 
Medicine, 4921 Parkview Place, Lower  Hôpital Pasteur, 30 Avenue de la Voie 
Level, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA Romaine, 06000 Nice, France
Yair Lotan  Samuel C. Mok 
Department of Urology, The University of  Department of Gynecologiz Oncology, 
Texas Southwestern Medical Center, 5323  M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, T403908, 
Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas,   1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 
TX 75390, USA 77030, USA