Methods in Stream Ecology

895 Pages·2007·344.664 MB·English

by  Hauer, F Richard(Editor);Lamberti, Gary A

ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: 1
Methods in
Stream Ecology
SecondEdition
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: ix
This page intentionally left blank
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: 3
Methods in
Stream Ecology
SecondEdition
F. Richard Hauer and GaryA. Lamberti
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON
NEWYORK•OXFORD•PARIS•SANDIEGO
SANFRANCISCO•SINGAPORE•SYDNEY•TOKYO
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: 4
SeniorAcquisitionsEditor:AndrewRichford
ProjectManager:HeatherFurrow
AssociateEditor:KellySonnack
MarketingManager:TrevorDaul
CoverDesign:EricDeCicco
Composition:IntegraSoftwareServices
CoverPrinter:HingYipPrintingCompany
InteriorPrinter:HingYipPrintingCompany
AcademicPressisanimprintofElsevier
30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA
525BStreet,Suite1900,SanDiego,California92101-4495,USA
84Theobald’sRoad,LondonWC1X8RR,UK
Thisbookisprintedonacid-freepaper.
Copyright©2007,1996,ElsevierInc.Allrightsreserved.
Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyany
means,electronicormechanical,includingphotocopy,recording,oranyinformation
storageandretrievalsystem,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.
PermissionsmaybesoughtdirectlyfromElsevier’sScience&TechnologyRights
DepartmentinOxford,UK:phone:[phone],fax:[phone],
E-mail:[email protected]
viatheElsevierhomepage(http://elsevier.com),byselecting“Support&Contact”
then“CopyrightandPermission”andthen“ObtainingPermissions.”
LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
ApplicationSubmitted
BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN13:978-0-12-332908-0
ISBN10:0-12-332908-6
ForinformationonallAcademicPresspublications
visitourWebsiteatwww.books.elsevier.com
PrintedinChina
07 08 09 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Working together to grow
libraries in developing countries
www.elsevier.com | www.bookaid.org | www.sabre.org
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: v
Contents
An accompanying website for this book, maintained by the editors and publisher, contains electronic
spreadsheetsandotherusefultoolstoassistyouintheuseofthisbook.
Gotohttp://www.books.elsevier.com/companionsforthelatestupdates.
CONTRIBUTORS ix
PREFACE xiii
SECTIONA: PHYSICALPROCESSES
CHAPTER1: LANDSCAPESANDRIVERSCAPES 3
JackA.Stanford
CHAPTER2: VALLEYSEGMENTS,STREAMREACHES,
ANDCHANNELUNITS 23
PeterA.Bisson,DavidR.Montgomery,andJohnM.Buffington
CHAPTER3: DISCHARGEMEASUREMENTSAND
STREAMFLOWANALYSIS 51
JamesA.Gore
CHAPTER4: DYNAMICSOFFLOW 79
RobertW.NewburyandDavidJ.Bates
CHAPTER5: TEMPERATURE,LIGHT, ANDOXYGEN 103
F.RichardHauerandWalterR.Hill
CHAPTER6: HYPORHEICZONES 119
CliffordN.Dahm,H.MauriceValett,ColdenV.Baxter,
andWilliamW.Woessner
SECTIONB: MATERIALTRANSPORT,UPTAKE,ANDSTORAGE
CHAPTER7: FLUVIALGEOMORPHICPROCESSES 145
MarkS.LorangandF.RichardHauer
CHAPTER8: SOLUTEDYNAMICS 169
JacksonR.WebsterandH.MauriceValett
CHAPTER9: PHOSPHORUSLIMITATION,UPTAKE,AND
TURNOVERINBENTHICSTREAMALGAE 187
AlanD.SteinmanandPatrickJ.Mulholland
CHAPTER10: NITROGENLIMITATIONANDUPTAKE 213
JenniferL.Tank,MelodyJ.Bernot,andEmmaJ.Rosi-Marshall
v
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: vi
vi Contents
CHAPTER11: DISSOLVEDORGANICMATTER 239
StuartFindlay
CHAPTER12: TRANSPORTANDSTORAGEOFFPOM 249
J.BruceWallace,JohnJ.Hutchens,Jr.,andJackW.Grubaugh
CHAPTER13: CPOMTRANSPORT,RETENTION,AND
MEASUREMENT 273
GaryA.LambertiandStanleyV.Gregory
SECTIONC: STREAMBIOTA
CHAPTER14: HETEROTROPHICBACTERIA 293
AmeliaK.Ward
CHAPTER15: FUNGI:BIOMASS,PRODUCTION,
ANDSPORULATIONOFAQUATIC
HYPHOMYCETES 311
VladislavGulisandKellerF.Suberkropp
CHAPTER16: BENTHICSTREAMALGAE:DISTRIBUTION
ANDSTRUCTURE 327
RexL.LoweandGinaD.LaLiberte
CHAPTER17: BIOMASSAND PIGMENTS
OFBENTHICALGAE 357
AlanD.Steinman,GaryA.Lamberti,andPeterR.Leavitt
CHAPTER18: MACROPHYTESANDBRYOPHYTES 381
WilliamB.Bowden,JaniceM.Glime,andTennaRiis
CHAPTER19: MEIOFAUNA 415
MargaretA.Palmer,DavidL.Strayer,andSimonD.Rundle
CHAPTER20: MACROINVERTEBRATES 435
F.RichardHauerandVincentH.Resh
CHAPTER21: MACROINVERTEBRATEDISPERSAL 465
LeonardA.Smock
CHAPTER22: ROLEOFFISHASSEMBLAGESINSTREAM
COMMUNITIES 489
HiramW.LiandJudithL.Li
SECTIOND: COMMUNITYINTERACTIONS
CHAPTER23: PRIMARYPRODUCER-CONSUMER
INTERACTIONS 537
GaryA.Lamberti,JackW.Feminella,andCatherineM.Pringle
CHAPTER24: PREDATOR-PREYINTERACTIONS 561
BarbaraL.Peckarsky
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: vii
Contents vii
CHAPTER25: TROPHICRELATIONSHIPSOF
MACROINVERTEBRATES 585
RichardW.MerrittandKennethW.Cummins
CHAPTER26: TROPHICRELATIONSOF
STREAMFISHES 611
FrancesP.GelwickandWilliamJ.Matthews
CHAPTER27: STREAMFOODWEBS 637
AnneE.Hershey,KennethFortino,BruceJ.Peterson,and
AmberJ.Ulseth
SECTIONE: ECOSYSTEMPROCESSES
CHAPTER28: PRIMARYPRODUCTIVITYANDCOMMUNITY
RESPIRATION 663
ThomasL.Bott
CHAPTER29: SECONDARYPRODUCTIONOF
MACROINVERTEBRATES 691
ArthurC.BenkeandAlexanderD.Huryn
CHAPTER30: DECOMPOSITIONOFLEAFMATERIAL 711
E.F.Benfield
CHAPTER31: RIPARIAN PROCESSES
ANDINTERACTIONS 721
G.WayneMinshallandAmandaRugenski
CHAPTER32: EFFECTSOFNUTRIENTENRICHMENT
ONPERIPHYTON 743
CatherineM.PringleandFrankJ.Triska
CHAPTER33: SURFACE-SUBSURFACEINTERACTIONS
INSTREAMS 761
NancyB.Grimm,ColdenV.Baxter,andChelseaL.Crenshaw
SECTIONF: ECOSYSTEMQUALITY
CHAPTER34: ECOLOGICALASSESSMENTSWITH
BENTHICALGAE 785
R.JanStevensonandScottL.Rollins
CHAPTER35: MACROINVERTEBRATESASBIOTICINDICATORS
OFENVIRONMENTALQUALITY 805
JamesL.Carter,VincentH.Resh,MorganJ.Hannaford,andMarilynJ.Myers
CHAPTER36: ESTABLISHINGCAUSE-EFFECTRELATIONSHIPS
INMULTI-STRESSORENVIRONMENTS 835
JosephM.CulpandDonaldJ.Baird
INDEX 855
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: ix
This page intentionally left blank
ElsevierUS 0mseprelims-paperback 5-4-2006 10:03a.m. PageNo: ix
Contributors
Numbers in the parentheses indicate the pages on which
the authors’ contributions begin
DONALDJ.BAIRD(835)NationalWaterResearchInstituteandCanadianRiversInsti-
tute,DepartmentofBiology,UniversityofNewBrunswick,Fredericton,NB,Canada
E3B 6E1
DAVID J. BATES (79) FSCI Biological Consultants, Halfmoon Bay, BC, Canada V0N
1Y1
COLDEN V. BAXTER (119, 761) Department of Biological Sciences, Idaho State Uni-
versity, Pocatello, ID 83209
E. F. BENFIELD (711) Department of Biology, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State
University, Blacksburg, VA 24061-0406
ARTHUR C. BENKE (691) Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama,
Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0206
MELODYJ.BERNOT(213)DepartmentofBiologicalSciences,MurrayStateUniversity,
Murray, KY 42071
PETER A. BISSON (23) Pacific Northwest Research Station, USDA Forest Service,
Olympia, WA 98512-9193
THOMAS L. BOTT (663) Stroud Water Research Center, Avondale, PA 19311
WILLIAMB.BOWDEN(381)RubensteinSchoolofEnvironmentandNaturalResources,
University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405
JOHN M. BUFFINGTON (23) Rocky Mountain Research Station, USDA Forest Service,
Boise, ID 83702
JAMES L. CARTER (805) United States Geological Survey, Menlo Park, CA 94025
CHELSEA L. CRENSHAW (761) Department of Biology, University of New Mexico,
Albuquerque, NM 87131
JOSEPHM.CULP(835)NationalWaterResearchInstituteandCanadianRiversInstitute,
Department of Biology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
E3B 6E1
KENNETHW.CUMMINS(585)CaliforniaCooperativeFisheriesResearchUnit,Hum-
boldt State University, Arcata, CA 95521
CLIFFORD N. DAHM (119) Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albu-
querque, NM 87131
JACK W. FEMINELLA (537) Department of Biological Sciences, Auburn University,
Auburn, AL 36849-5407
STUART FINDLAY (239) Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Millbrook, NY 12545
KENNETH FORTINO (637) Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at
Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27402
FRANCESP.GELWICK(611)DepartmentofWildlifeandFisheriesScience,TexasA&M
University, College Station, TX 77843-2258
JANICE M. GLIME (381) Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, MI 49931
ix