Table Of ContentPage i
Methods in Behavioural Research
Third Canadian Edition
Paul C. Cozby, Ph.D.
California State University, Fullerton
Raymond A. Mar, Ph.D.
York University
Catherine D. Rawn, Ph.D.
University of British Columbia
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Methods in Behavioural Research Third Canadian Edition
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Dedication
To my wife and family, For their unwavering support and trust. —R.A.M.
To Kathleen D. Vohs, For your mentorship and encouragement. —C.D.R.
For Ingrid and Pierre. —P.C.C.
About the Authors
Paul C. Cozby is emeritus professor of psychology at California State
University, Fullerton. Dr. Cozby was an undergraduate at the University of
California, Riverside, and received his Ph.D. in psychology from the
University of Minnesota. He is a fellow of the American Psychological
Association and a member of the Association for Psychological Science; he
has served as officer of the Society for Computers in Psychology. He is
executive officer of the Western Psychological Association. He is the
author of Using Computers in the Behavioral Sciences and co-editor with
Daniel Perlman of Social Psychology.
Raymond A. Mar is a professor of psychology at York University, where
he teaches research methods to undergraduates and graduate students. Dr.
Mar completed his undergraduate and graduate training at the University of
Toronto ultimately receiving his Ph.D. in social/personality psychology. His
lab conducts research on how imagined experiences affect real-world
cognition and behaviour, with a focus on experiences with fictional stories
(e.g., novels, television shows, graphic novels, video games). This work
has been published in journals such as the Annual Review of
Psychology and Discourse Processes (for details,
visit http://www.yorku.ca/mar/). Dr. Mar was awarded the Tom Trabasso
Young Investigator Award by the Society for Text and Discourse,
and the Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel Research Award by the Alexander von
Humboldt Foundation in Germany.
Catherine D. Rawn is a professor of teaching in the department of
psychology at the University of British Columbia. Dr. Rawn was an
undergraduate psychology major at the University of Waterloo and received
her master of arts in social/personality psychology at the University of
British Columbia. She continued at UBC and received her Ph.D. in
social/personality psychology with a minor in quantitative methods. Her
publications appear in journals such as Teaching of Psychology and
Personality and Social Psychology Review. She regularly teaches
undergraduates research methods, introductory statistics, and introductory
psychology. She also facilitates professional development in teaching for
graduate students and faculty.
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Brief Contents
1. Preface xii
2. 1 Scientific Understanding of Behaviour 1
3. 2 Where to Start 15
4. 3 Ethical Research 36
5. 4 Research Design Fundamentals 62
6. 5 Measurement 89
7. 6 Observational Methods 106
8. 7 Survey Research: Asking People about Themselves 124
9. 8 Experimental Design 149
10. 9 Conducting Studies 164
11. 10 Research Designs for Special Circumstances 184
12. 11 Complex Experimental Designs 209
13. 12 Descriptive Statistics: Describing Variables and the Relations
among Them 226
14. 13 Inferential Statistics: Making Inferences about Populations
Based on Our Samples 250
15. 14 Generalizing Results 276
16. Appendix A: Writing Research Reports in APA Style 294
17. Appendix B: Statistical Tests 334
18. Appendix C: Statistical Tables 353
19. Appendix D: How to Conduct a PsycINFO Search 359
20. Appendix E: Constructing a Latin Square 363
21. Glossary GL-1
22. References RE-1
23. Index IN-1
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Contents
Preface xii
1. 1 Scientific Understanding of Behaviour 1
1. Why Study Research Methods? 2
2. Methods of Acquiring Knowledge 3
1. Intuition 3
2. Authority 4
3. The Scientific Method: Be Skeptical, Seek Empirical Data 4
4. Science as a Way to Ask and Answer Questions 6
3. Goals of Scientific Research in Psychology 8
1. Describing Behaviour 8
2. Predicting Behaviour 9
3. Determining the Causes of Behaviour 9
4. Explaining Behaviour 10
4. Basic and Applied Research 11
1. Basic Research 11
2. Applied Research 11
3. Integrating Basic and Applied Research 12
