Table Of ContentMethods and Tools
for Effective Knowledge Life-Cycle-Management
Alain Bernard ∙ Serge Tichkiewitch
Editors
Methods and Tools
for Effective Knowledge
Life-Cycle-Management
123
Professor Alain Bernard Professor Serge Tichkiewitch
Ecole Centrale de Nantes Grenoble Institute of Technology
IRCCyN, CNRS, UMR 6597 Laboratoire G-SCOP
1 rue de la Noë 46 Avenue Félix Viallet
44321 Nantes Cedex 03 38031 Grenoble Cedex 1
France France
[email protected] [email protected]
ISBN 978-3-540-78430-2 e-ISBN 978-3-540-78431-9
DOI 10.1007/978-3-540-78431-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 20089222196
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Preface
Knowledge Management is a wide, critical and strategic issue for all the compa-
nies, from the SMEs to the most complex organizations. The key of competitive-
ness is knowledge, because of the necessity of reactivity, flexibility, agility and
innovation capacities. Knowledge is difficult to measure itself but what is visible,
this is the way of improving products, technologies and enterprise organizations.
During the last four years, based on the experience of most of the best experts
around the World, CIRP (The International Academy for Production Engineering)
has decided to prepare and structure a Network of Excellence (NoE) proposal. The
European Community accepted to found the VRL-KCiP (Virtual Research Labo-
ratory – Knowledge Community in Production). As its name indicates it, the aim
of this NoE was really to build a «Knowledge Community in Production ». This
was possible and realistic because the partners were representative of the most
important universities in Europe and also because of strong partnerships with
laboratories far from Europe (Japan, Australia, South Africa, USA, etc…).
Based on such powerful partnership, the main issue was to help European
manufacturing industry to define and structure the strategic knowledge in order to
face the strategic worldwide challenges.
Manufacturing in Europe currently has two essential aspects:
1. It has to be knowledge intensive given the European demands for high-tech
products and services (e.g. electronics, medicines).
2. Given the relatively high labor costs compared to developing countries, manu-
facturing processes in Europe require high levels of expertise to realize innova-
tion with a very high productivity.
Consequently in Europe, knowledge management (KM) and more widely
Knowledge Life-cycle Management (KLCM) has become a major issue in acade-
mia and industry in the last 30 years, and it is recognized that the knowledge issue
is important for a firm’s manager as well as for an operational work.
This book helps to understand what is knowledge, why knowledge is one of the
most strategic issues of the future manufacturing competitiveness, mainly based
v
vi Preface
on high level technologies and very innovative products and how to capitalize
knowledge.
The collective experience that contributed to the elaboration of this book is
unique because it is based on 34 contributions, very complementary, very repre-
sentative of Knowledge Life-Cycle Management state and issues.
The knowledge map of the consortium has been built and is the base of an effi-
cient collaboration within the NoE. The use of conceptual maps for competencies
mapping and knowledge formalization in a Virtual Lab is also one of the contribu-
tions of the book. The fundamental knowledge and knowledge management con-
cepts are described. In particular, the benefit of networks of expertise is high-
lighted and mainly knowledge sharing between multi-cultural communities.
Ontology constitutes the base of knowledge formalization and mapping with re-
spect to the different points of view. Knowledge integration mechanisms within
the extended enterprise and more over the value chain, depending on context char-
acteristics, are also described and illustrated, through methods, tools and experi-
ences. Concrete experiences are described and commented, mainly for product,
process and resource description and management along the life-cycle of me-
chanical systems. The role of knowledge life-cycle management and of documents
in supporting a radical innovation project is also highlighted. Experience feed-
backs are described about knowledge engineering approaches for design, manu-
facturing, and more generally for enterprise engineering. Several case studies are
also provided in design and manufacturing fields, and also related to European
level manufacturing knowledge sharing.
The specific context given by the VRL-KCiP NoE community involved in the
realization of this book constitutes the main original value-added of this book.
This means that this book is unique because it is based on a theoretical and practi-
cal experience of the authors who are for most of them members of the CIRP, the
best referenced International Academy in Production Engineering.
We hope that you will enjoy this book and have a maximum benefit of it.
The co-editors,
Alain BERNARD, Serge TICHKIEWITCH
Content
Part 1 KM Needs and Concepts
1.1 What Is Knowledge?
1.1.1 From Data to Knowledge
An Overview on Knowledge Management.......................................... 3
S. Ammar-Khodja, A. Bernard
1.1.2 What is Knowledge Management
Manufacturing Knowledge Work: The European Perspective............. 23
F. Wijnhoven
1.2 Networks of Expertise
1.2.1 Knowledge Sharing
Social Needs for Knowledge Sharing
Building a Knowledge Share Culture in a Virtual Organization.
Case Study for VRL-KCiP NoE........................................................... 45
A. Draghici, G. Draghici
Influence of Multi-Culturality in Virtual Teams.................................. 61
A. Draghici
1.2.2 Knowledge Integration
Web Tools for Knowledge Integration
A Web and Virtual Reality Based Paradigm
for Collaborative Management and Verification
of Design Knowledge........................................................................... 91
G. Chryssolouris, D. Mavrikios, M. Pappas
Knowledge Management in the Virtual Enterprise:
Web Based Systems for Electronic Manufacturing.............................. 107
G. Chryssolouris, S. Makris, D. Mourtzis, N. Papakostas
vii
viii Content
EDEN™............................................................................................... 127
D. Kotze, W. Uys, N. Du Preez
Contextual issue of knowledge integration
Misunderstandings in Global Virtual Engineering Teams:
Definitions, Causes, and Guidelines
for Knowledge Sharing and Interaction............................................... 145
M. Lewkowicz, F. Wijnhoven, A. Draghici
A Knowledge Network Approach Supporting the Value Chain............ 159
N. Du Preez, L. Louw, E. Lutters
Knowledge Mapping
Formulating an Expertise Map in the VRL-KCiP................................ 169
G. Molcho
Representation and Navigation Techniques
for Semi-Structured Knowledge in Collaborating Communities......... 185
Z. Kemény, G. Erdős, J. Váncza
The Use of Conceptual Maps for Competencies Mapping
and Knowledge Formalization in a Virtual Lab................................... 213
G. Chryssolouris, D. Mavrikios, S. Xeromerites, K. Georgoulias
Production Paradigms Ontology (PPO):
a Response to the Need of Managing Knowledge
in High-Tech Manufacturing................................................................ 227
A. M. Paci, M. S. Chiacchio, C. Lalle
Part 2 KM Models, Methods and Tools
2.1 Design Product Oriented Models
Compatibility Knowledge in Fuzzy Front End..................................... 243
J. Hohenegger, A. Bufardi, P. Xirouchakis
Development of a Conceptual Reference Framework to Manage
Manufacturing Knowledge Related to Products, Processes
and Production Systems....................................................................... 259
M. Colledani, W. Terkaj, T. Tolio, M. Tomasella
FBS-PPRE, an Enterprise Knowledge Lifecycle Model...................... 285
M. Labrousse, A. Bernard
Knowledge Management for Industrial Heritage................................... 307
F. Laroche, A. Bernard, M. Cotte
2.2 Design Process Oriented Models
The Role of Knowledge Management
in Supporting a Radical Innovation Project.......................................... 331
B. Katz, N. Du Preez
Content ix
Improved Utilisation of Organisational Documents
Using a Conceptual Framework........................................................... 347
W. Uys, E. Uys, E. Lutters, N. Du Preez
Applications of Knowledge Engineering Approaches for Design........ 363
N. Matta, L. Zaher
Generation of Design Knowledge from Product Life Cycle Data........ 375
A. Bufardi, D. Kiritsis, P. Xirouchakis
Reference Architectures as Knowledge Management Tools Guiding
and Supporting Enterprise Engineering................................................ 391
N. Du Preez, L. Louw, H. Essmann, C. Grové, L. van der Walt
Knowledge Networks, Methods and Tools Analysis
for Information Validity: Case Study Feed Back................................. 415
N. Perry, A. Candlot
Part 3 Case in Manufacturing Knowledge Management
3.1 Case Studies in Design
Knowledge Management in a Virtual Lab
Collaborative Training Project:
A Mini-Formula Student Car Design................................................... 435
G. Chryssolouris, D. Mourtzis, P. Stavropoulos, D. Mavrikios,
J. Pandremenos
Case Study in Design: Generation of Design Knowledge
for Vehicle Sub-frames
Based on Finite Element Simulation.................................................... 447
H. Long, A. Fanourakis, P. Oliver
A Pragmatic Approach to Knowledge Management
in an Engineering Design SME............................................................ 463
C. Beylier, F. Pourroy, F. Villeneuve
Capitalization and Reuse of Forging Knowledge
in Integrated Design............................................................................. 479
S. Tichkiewitch
3.2 Case Studies in Manufacturing
Case Study, USIQUICK Project: Methods to Capitalise
and Reuse Knowledge in Process Planning.......................................... 487
A. Candlot, N. Perry, A. Bernard, S. Ammar-Khodja
Knowledge Management in Manufacturing Process Modeling:
Case Studies in Selected Manufacturing Processes.............................. 507
G. Chryssolouris, N. Papakostas, D. Mourtzis, S. Makris
x Content
Knowledge Management Paradigms in Selected Manufacturing
Case Studies......................................................................................... 521
G. Chryssolouris, D. Mourtzis, N. Papakostas, Z. Papachatzakis,
S. Xeromerites
3.3 The VRL-KCiP: Cases in European-Level
Manufacturing Knowledge Sharing
Process Design Theory for Digital Information Services..................... 533
F. Wijnhoven
The VRL-KCiP Software Demonstration and Exchange Platform –
An Example for Web-Based Knowledge Management
and Representation............................................................................... 547
L. Aldinger, J. Westermann, E. Westkämper
A Basic Knowledge Management System for the VRL-KCiP............. 559
G. Molcho, R. Schneor, D. Bossin
Contacts and Appointments Manager: VRLshepherd.......................... 579
C. Kind, O. Arpinar, A. Finnah, B. Schmidt
Part 1
KM Needs and Concepts
1.1 What Is Knowledge?
1.1.1 From Data to Knowledge
An Overview on Knowledge Management............................................ 3
1.1.2 What is Knowledge Management
Manufacturing Knowledge Work: The European Perspective............... 23
1.2 Networks of Expertise
1.2.1 Knowledge Sharing
Social Needs for Knowledge Sharing
Building a Knowledge Share Culture in a Virtual Organization.
Case Study for VRL-KCiP NoE............................................................. 45
Influence of Multi-Culturality in Virtual Teams – The Case
of the VRL-KCiP Network of Excellence.............................................. 61
1.2.2 Knowledge Integration
Web Tools for Knowledge Integration
A Web and Virtual Reality Based Paradigm for Collaborative
Management and Verification of Design Knowledge............................ 91
Knowledge Management in the Virtual Enterprise:
Web Based Systems for Electronic Manufacturing................................ 107
EDEN™................................................................................................. 127
Contextual issue of knowledge integration
Misunderstandings in Global Virtual Engineering Teams:
Definitions, Causes, and Guidelines
for Knowledge Sharing and Interaction.................................................. 145
A Knowledge Network Approach Supporting the Value Chain.............. 159
