Table Of ContentMETAPHOR
AND
THOUGHT
METAPHOR
AN D
THOUGHT
SECOND EDITION
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Contents
Liosftc ontributors pagxei
Praecfteot hsee coenddi tion xiii
Praecfteot hfei resdti tion xv
1 Metaplhaonrg,u aangtdeh ,o ught 1
ANDREW ORTONY
METAPHORA NDM EANING
2 More ambeotuatp hor 19
MAX BLACK
3 Figursapteieavcnehld i nguistics 42
JERROLD M. SADOCK
4 Thes emanotfmi ectsa phor 58
L. JONATHAN COHEN
5 Somper oblweimttshh n eo tioofln i tmeeraanli ngs 71
DAVID E. RUM ELHART
6 Metaphor 83
JOHN R. SEARLE
7 Langucaognec,e apntwdso ,r lTdhsr:de oem aoifn s
metaphor 112
SAMUEL R. LEVIN
8 Observoantt ihopenr sa gmoaftm iectsa phor 124
JERRY L. MORGAN
viii Contents
METAPHORA NDR EPRESENTATION
9 GeneramteitvaepA h poerr:s peocnpt riovbel em-ins etting
socpioalyli c 137
DON ALD A SCHON
10T hec ondmueitta pAh oro:f fcraomnefli inoc utr
caSt!
languaabgoleua tn guage 164
MICHAEL J. REDDY
11T hec ontemptohreaoorrfmyy e taphor 202
GEORGE LAKOFF
12P rocaenspdsr oduicnmt asik nsge nosfte r opes 252
RAYMOND W. GIBBS, JR.
13M etapihnodru,c atnisdoo nc,pi oall:iT chyec onverogfe nce
macrosacnomdpi iccr osvcioepwisc 277
ROBERT J. STERNBERG, ROGER TOURANG EAU,
AND GEORGIA NIGRO
METAPHOR AN))U NDERSTANDING
14P sychologicianml e tparpochcooemrsp sreesha ennds ion
memory 307
ALLAN PAIVIO AND MARY WALSH
15T hien etrpretoafnt oivmoeenlt aphors 329
BRUCE FRASER
16T hero loefs imiliansr iimtiayln emdse taphors 342
ANDREW ORTONY
17I magaensd mosdiemliasln,emd se taphors 357
GEORGE A. MILLER
18H owm etapwhoorrks 401
SAM GLUCKSBERG AND BO/\Z KEYSAR
19M etapahnoidrr oTnwyol: e voefu1 nd5e rstanding 425
ELLEN WINN ER AND HOW AF:D GARDNER
METAPHORAN D SCIENCE
20T hes hiffrmto m etapthoao narl oignWy e stesrcni ence 447
DEDRE GENTN ER AND MICHA EL JEZIORSKI
21M etapahnotdrh eocrhya nWghea:it s" metapah or"
metapfhroo?r 481
RICHARD BOYD
22M etapihnso cri ence 533
THOMAS S. KUHN
23M etaphiomrpirceaclai nstdih "oetn o p-droewscneh"a r
strategy 543
ZENON W. PYLYSHYN
Contse nt ix
METAPHORA NDE DUCATION
24T hei nstrmuecttaipvMheeo tra:p hortiosc t uadiednst s'
understaonfsd ciinegn ce 561
RICHARD E. MAYER
25 Metapholre aarnndi ng 579
HUGH G. PETRIE AND REBECCA S. OSHLAG
26 Learninmge twaipthhooru t 610
THO MAS F. GREEN
27 Educatuisoeonsfma elt haorp 621
THO MAS G. STICHT
Reefrences 633
Authoirn dex 663
Subjiencdte x 670
Contributors
MAX BLACK RAYMOND W. GIBBS, JR.
DepartmoefPn hti losophy ProgrianEm xp erimental
CorneUlnlei rvsity Pscyhoogly
UnisvieotrfyC afloirnSiaan,t a
RICHARD BOYD Cruz
DepartmoefPn hti losophy
CornUenleilrv ys it SAM GLUCK SBERG
DepartomfPe sncythl oogy
L. JONATHAN COHEN PrincUentirovsnyei t
ThQe ueeCno'lsl ege
OxfrodU neirvys it THO MAS F. GREEN
DepartmoefFn outn datoifo ns
BRUCE FRASER Education
DepartmoefSn petc ial SyracUunvsieer sity
Education
BostUonnei rvsity MICHAEL JEZIORSKI
DepartmoefPn sctyh oogly
WaynSet aUtneei rvys it
HOW ARD GARDNER
ProjZeecrto
BOAZ KEYSAR
HarvaGrrda duSactheoo ofl DepartmoefPn sctyh oogly
Education Uneirvyso ifCt hicago
DEDRE GENTNER THO MAS S. KUHN
DepartmoefPn scty hooglay nd DepartmoefLn itn sgtuiaicnsd
TheI ntsitfuort etL heeai rnng Philosophy
Sciences MassachIusnsteitottfus t e
NorthweUsnteiervrsni ty Technoogly
Controrisb ut
XII
GEORGE LAKOFF ZENON W. PYLYSHYN
DepartmoefLn itn sgtuiaicnsd CentfoerCr og nitSicviee nce
ProgrianCm o gintiSvcei enceR ugterUsn isvyie tr
Uneirvyso ifCt afloirnBiear,k eley
MICHAEL J. REDDY
SAMUEL R. LEVIN DepartmoefLn itn sgtuiics
DepartmoefEn ntg lish ColumUbniiasv ietry
TheG raduSactheoa onld
UneirvsCietnyt er DA VID E.R UM ELHART
DepartmoefPn sctyh oogly
CitUyn isvieotrfyN ew York
StfaonrUdn eirvys it
RICHARD E. MAYER
DepartmoefPn stcy hoogly JERROLD M. SADOCK
Unisvyieo trfC afloirnai,S anta DepartmoefLn itn sgtuiics
Uneirvyso ifCt hicago
Barbara
GEORGE A. MILLER DONALD A. SCHON
DepartmoefPn stcy hoogly DepartmoefUn rtb Satnu daineds
PrincUentiosvnyie tr Planning
MasaschutssI entstoift ute
JERRY L. MORGAN
Technoogly
DepartmoefLn itn sgtuiaicnsd
ThBee ckmIantnsi tute
JOHN R. SEARLE
Unisvyieo trfI lliantUo ribsa na-DepartmoefPn hti losophy
Champaign UneirvsoifCt ayfl oirnBieare,kl ey
GEORGIA NIGRO
ROBERT J. STERNBERG
DepartmoefPn stcy hoogly
DepartomfPe sncythl oogy
CornUenlilsv ietry
YalUen isvietry
ANDREW ORTONY
SchooofEl d ucaatniSdoo nc ial THO MAS G. STICHT
ApplBieehda vainoCdro aglin tive
Poliacnyd Th eI ntsitfuortt eh e
ScieIncnc.e s
LeairnnSgc iences
ElC ajonC,af loirnai
NortwhestUenrni svietry
ROGER TOURANG EAU
REBECCA S. OSHLAG
NatioOnpailn iRoens eaCrecnht er
GraduSactheoo ofEl d ucation
StaUtnei svieotrfyN ew Yorakt
MARY WALSH
Buffalo DepartmoefPn sctyh oogly
UnisvieotrfyW etsernO ntario
ALLAN PAIVIO
DepartmoefPn stcy hoogly
ELLEN WINNER
UnisvieotrfyW esteOrnnt ario
DepartmoefPn sctyh oogly
BostCoonl laengde ,
HUGH G. PETRIE
GraduSactheoo ofEl d ucationP rojZeecrto
StaUtnei svieotrfyN ew Yorakt Harvard GSrcahdoouofa lt e
Buffalo Education
