Metal oxide glass nanocomposites

294 Pages·2020·12.268 MB·English

by  Sanjib Bhattacharya

METAL OXIDE
GLASS
NANOCOMPOSITES
Metal Oxides Series
METAL OXIDE
GLASS
NANOCOMPOSITES
Series editor
GHENADII KOROTCENKOV
Edited by
SANJIB BHATTACHARYA
Elsevier
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Contributors
AmartyaAcharya
CompositeMaterialsResearchLaboratory,SiliguriInstituteofTechnology,Siliguri,
Darjeeling,WestBengal,India
ArunKrBar
InstituteofEngineeringandManagement,Kolkata,India
SanjibBhattacharya
EngineeringSciencesandHumanities;CompositeMaterialsResearchLaboratory,Siliguri
InstituteofTechnology,Siliguri,Darjeeling,WestBengal,India
SwarupaOjha
Electronics&CommunicationEngineering,OmDayalGroupofInstitutions,Howrah,
WestBengal,India
AditiSengupta
ElectronicsandCommunicationEngineering;CompositeMaterialsResearchLaboratory,
SiliguriInstituteofTechnology,Siliguri,Darjeeling,WestBengal,India
xi
Series editor biography
Ghenadii Korotcenkov earned his PhD in material sciences from the
TechnicalUniversityofMoldova,Chisinau,Moldovain1976andhisdoc-
tor of science degree (doctor habilitate) in physics from the Academy of
Science of Moldova in 1990 (Highest Qualification Committee of the
USSR, Moscow). He has more than 45 years of experience as a scientific
researcher. For a long time, he was the leader of the gas sensor group and
managerofvariousnationalandinternationalscientificandengineeringpro-
jectscarriedoutintheLaboratoryofMicro-andOptoelectronics,Technical
University of Moldova. His research had financial support from interna-
tionalfoundationsandprogramssuchastheCRDF,theMRDA,theICTP,
the INTAS, the INCO-COPERNICUS, the COST, and the NATO.
From 2007 to 2008, he was an invited scientist in the Korea Institute of
Energy Research, Daejeon, South Korea. After which, until the end of
2017, Korotcenkov was a research professor at the School of Materials
ScienceandEngineeringattheGwangjuInstituteofScienceandTechnol-
ogy,Gwangju,SouthKorea.Currently,Korotcenkovisthechiefscientific
researcher at the Department of Physics and Engineering at the Moldova
State University, Chisinau, Rep. of Moldova.
SpecialistsfromtheformerSovietUnionknowKorotcenkov’sresearch
results in the field of study of Schottky barriers, MOS structures, native
oxides, and photoreceivers on the basis of III–Vs compounds such as InP,
GaP, AlGaAs, and InGaAs. His present scientific interests starting from
1995includematerialsciences,focusingonthemetaloxidefilmdeposition
andcharacterization,surfacescience,andthedesignofthinfilmgassensors
and thermoelectric convertors. These studies were carried out in coopera-
tion with scientific teams from Ioffe Institute (St. Petersburg, Russia),
University of Michigan (Ann Arbor, United States), Kiev State University
(Kiev, Ukraine), Charles University (Prague, Czech Republic), St. Peters-
burgStateUniversity(St.Petersburg,Russia),IllinoisInstituteofTechnol-
ogy (Chicago, United States), University of Barcelona (Barcelona, Spain),
Moscow State University (Moscow, Russia), University of Brescia
(Brescia, Italy), Belarus State University (Minsk, Belarus), and South-
Ukrainian University (Odessa, Ukraine).
Korotcenkovistheauthor/editorof38books,includingthe11-volume
Chemical Sensors series published by the Momentum Press (United States),
xiii
xiv Serieseditorbiography
the 15-volume Chemical Sensors series published by Harbin Institute of
Technology Press (China), the 3-volume Porous Silicon: From Formation to
ApplicationpublishedbyCRCPress(UnitedStates),the2-volumeHandbook
of Gas Sensor Materials published by Springer (United States), and the
3-volume Handbook of Humidity Measurement, which is publishing by
CRCPress(UnitedStates).Inaddition,atpresent,Korotcenkovisaseries’
editor of Metal Oxides series, which is published by Elsevier. Starting from
2017,Korotcenkovalreadyhasmorethan10volumespublishedwithinthe
framework of that series.
Korotcenkovistheauthor/coauthorofmorethan600scientificpublica-
tions,including25reviewpapers,38bookchapters,andmorethan250articles
published in peer-reviewed scientific journals (h-factor¼41 [Scopus] and
h-factor¼47[GoogleScholarcitation]).
Inthemajorityofthepublications,heisthefirstauthor.Korotchenkovis
a holder of 17 patents. He has presented more than 200 reports at national
andinternationalconferences,including17invitedtalks.Korotcenkovwas
co-organizer of several international conferences. His name and activities
have been listed by many biographical publications, including Who’s
Who. His research activities are honored by an Award of the Supreme
CouncilofScienceandAdvancedTechnologyoftheRepublicofMoldova
(2004); Prize of the Presidents of the Ukrainian, Belarus, Moldovan Acad-
emies of Sciences (2003); and National Youth Prize of the Republic of
Moldova in the field of science and technology (1980), among others.
Korotcenkov also received a fellowship from the International Research
Exchange Board (IREX, United States, 1998), Brain Korea 21 Program
(2008–12), and Brainpool Program (Korea, 2007–08 and 2015–17).
Preface to the series
The field of synthesis, study, and application of metal oxides is one of the
most rapidly progressing areas of science and technology. Metal oxides
areoneofthemostubiquitouscompoundgroupsonearth,whichhasalarge
variety of chemical compositions, atomic structures, and crystalline shapes.
Inaddition,metaloxidesareknowntopossessuniquefunctionalitiesthatare
absentorinferiorinothersolidmaterials.Inparticular,metaloxidesrepre-
sentanassortedandappealingclassofmaterials,propertiesofwhichexhibita
full spectrum of electronic properties—from insulating to semiconducting,
metallic, and superconducting. Moreover, almost all the known effects
including superconductivity, thermoelectric effects, photoelectrical effects,
luminescence, and magnetism can be observedin metal oxides. Therefore,
metaloxideshaveemergedasanimportantclassofmultifunctionalmaterials
witharichcollectionofproperties,whichhavegreatpotentialfornumerous
deviceapplications.Specificpropertiesofthemetaloxides,suchasthewide
variety of materials with different electrophysical, optical, and chemical
characteristics, their high thermal and temporal stability, and their ability
tofunctioninharshenvironments,makemetaloxidesverysuitablematerials
fordesigning awidevarietyofitems.Theseincludetransparentelectrodes,
high-mobility transistors, gas sensors, actuators, acoustical transducers,
photovoltaic and photonic devices, photo- and heterogeneous catalysts,
solid-state coolers, high-frequency and micromechanical devices, energy
harvesting and storage devices, nonvolatile memories, and many others in
the electronics, energy, and health sectors. In these devices, metal oxides
canbesuccessfullyusedassensingoractivelayers,substrates,electrodes,pro-
moters,structuremodifiers,membranesandfibers.Metaloxidescanbeused
as active or passive components.
Amongotheradvantagesofmetaloxidesarethelowfabricationcostsand
robustness in practical applications. Furthermore, the metal oxides can be
prepared in various forms, such as ceramics, thick films, and thin film. For
thinfilmdeposition,depositiontechniquesthatarecompatiblewithstandard
microelectronictechnologycanbeused.Thelastfactorisveryimportantfor
large-scaleproductionbecausethemicroelectronicapproachpromoteslow
costformassproduction,offersthepossibilityofmanufacturingdevicesona
chip, and guarantees good reproducibility. Various metal oxide nanostruc-
tures, including nanowires, nanotubes, nanofibers, core-shell structures
xv
xvi Prefacetotheseries
andhollownanostructures,alsocanbesynthesized.Asitisknown,thefield
of metal-oxide nanostructured morphologies (e.g., nanowires, nanorods,
nanotubes, etc.) has become one of the most active research areas within
the nanoscience community.
The ability to create a variety of metal oxide-based composites and the
ability to synthesize various multicomponent compounds significantly
expand the range of properties that metal oxide-based materials can have,
making metal oxides by a truly versatile multifunctional material for wide-
spreaduse.Asitisknown,smallchangesintheirchemicalcompositionand
atomic structure can be accompanied by the spectacular variation in prop-
ertiesandbehaviorofmetaloxides.Evennow,advancesinsynthesizingand
characterizing techniques are revealing numerous new functions of metal
oxides.
Taking into account the importance of metal oxides for progress in
microelectronics, optoelectronics, photonics, energy conversion, sensor
andcatalysis,alargenumberofvariousbooksdevotedtothisclassofmate-
rialshavebeenpublished.However,oneshouldnotethatsomebooksfrom
thislistaretoogeneral,somebooksarecollectionsofvariousoriginalworks
withoutanygeneralizations,andotheroneswerepublishedmanyyearsago.
But,duringthepastdecade,greatprogresshasbeenmadeonthesynthesisas
wellasonthestructural,physical,chemicalcharacterization,andapplication
of metaloxides invarious devices,anda largenumberof papershave been
published on metal oxides. In addition, until now many important topics
relatedtothestudyandapplicationofmetaloxideshavenotbeendiscussed.
To remedy the situation in this area, we decidedto generalize and system-
atizetheresultsofresearchinthisdirectionandtopublishaseriesofbooks
devoted to metal oxides.
Oneshouldnotethattheproposedbookseries“MetalOxides”isthefirst
onedevotedtoconsiderationofmetaloxidesonly.Webelievethatcombin-
ingbooksonmetaloxidesinaseriescouldhelpreadersinsearchingrequired
information on the subject. In particular, we plan that the books from our
series,whichhaveaclearspecializationbyitscontent,willprovideinterdis-
ciplinarydiscussionforvariousoxidematerialswithawiderangeoftopics,
frommaterialsynthesisanddepositiontocharacterizations,processing,and
thentodevicefabricationsandapplications.Thisbookseriesispreparedbya
teamofhighlyqualifiedexperts,whichguaranteesitwillbeofahighquality.
Ihopethatourbookswillbeusefulandcomfortableinuse.Iwouldalso
liketohopethatreaderswillconsiderthis“MetalOxides”bookserieslikean
encyclopediaofmetaloxidesthatenablesreaderstounderstandthepresent
Prefacetotheseries xvii
statusofmetaloxides,toestimatetheroleofmultifunctionalmetaloxidesin
the design of advanced devices, and then based on observed knowledge to
formulate new goals for further research.
The intended audience of the present book series is scientists and
researchers, working or planning to work in the field of materials related
to metal oxides, i.e., scientists and researchers whose activities are related
toelectronics,optoelectronics,energy,catalysis,sensors,electricalengineer-
ing, ceramics, biomedical designs, etc. I believe that this “Metal Oxides”
bookseriesalsowillbeinterestingforpracticingengineersorprojectman-
agers in industries and national laboratories, which would like to design
metal oxide-based devices, but don’t know how to do it or how to select
optimal metal oxide for specific applications. With many references to
the vast resource of recently published literature on the subject, this book
serieswillserveasasignificantandinsightfulsourceofvaluableinformation,
providing scientists and engineers with new insights for understanding and
improvingexistingmetaloxide-baseddevicesandfor designingnew metal
oxide-based materials with new and unexpected properties.
I believe that this “Metal Oxides” book series will be very helpful for
university students, postdocs, and professors. The structure of these books
offersabasisforcoursesinthefieldofmaterialsciences,chemicalengineer-
ing, electronics, electrical engineering, optoelectronics, energy technolo-
gies, environmental control, and many others. Graduate students also
couldfindthebookseriestobeveryusefulintheirresearchandunderstand-
ing features of metal oxides synthesis, study, and application of this multi-
functional material in various devices. We are sure that all of them will
find information useful for their activity.
Finally,Ithankallcontributingauthorsandbookeditorswhohavebeen
involved in the creation of these books. I am thankful that they agreed to
participate in this project and for their efforts in the preparation of these
books. Without their participation, this project would not have been pos-
sible.IalsoexpressmygratitudetoElsevierforgivingustheopportunityto
publish this series. I especially thank all editorial teams at Elsevier for their
patience during the development of this project and for encouraging us
during the various stages of preparation.
Ghenadii Korotcenkov