Merchant and Privately Countermarked Coins

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by  Gregory Brunk

MERCHANT AND PRIVATELY COUNTERMARKED COINS
Gregory G. Brunk
© 2006

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MERCHANT AND PRIVATELY COUNTERMARKED COINS
Gregory G. Brunk
© 2006
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The author gives blanket permission to other researchers to cite or to quote
small portions of these two manuscripts. If you wish to do so, would you please
follow these conventions:
1. A large number of people have contributed to my efforts. Whenever an
individual provided me with a new identification, | have given that person
or persons the credit but putting their names in parentheses somewhere
in the description. If you wish to publish any of the numerous new
identifications that have been made since the publication of Merchant
and Privately Countermarked Coins (2003), please give credit to my
contributors, and please note my book manuscript. My contributors
deserve the credit for their work.
2. A revised edition of Merchant and Privately Countermarked Coins
probably will be published in 2010, with new submissions needed by
2009. As a way to further to this effort, from time to time would you
please advise others of my manuscript, and publish my mailing address
so they can contact me (PO Box 125, Hudson, lowa 50643).
3. I’m working on another book tentatively titled Coins Countermarked with
Political Messages. (No publisher as yet, and | might submit this as a
long article). In any event, it is very difficult to find information on such
items because so little has been published on them. Contributions and
suggestions regarding political countermarks would be greatly
appreciated! So far as | can tell, | have included all the previously
published information, but | may have missed something - perhaps a
great deal!
Gregory G. Brunk
PO Box 125
Hudson, lowa 50643
June 2006
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Gregory G. Brunk (PO Box 125, Hudson, lowa 50643)
June 2006 Draft - Comments Invited
AUSTRALIA
During the nineteenth century millions of British copper He mentioned the following amusing story. Soon
coins were sent to Australia because of a lack of small change after the tokens were called in his store was broken
there. Many of these were 1797 cartwheel pennies, which into; there was a man sleeping on the premises for
sometimes had been countermarked by British merchants for protection, who heard the thieves break in, but kept
advertising or for use as trade tokens before arriving in quiet, and after it was all over came out. Two Chinamen
Australia. This makes the identification of some apparently had entered the store and the first thing they found
Australian countermarks difficult because it is unclear where was a large box full of tokens. They began to jabber
they really were issued.
and chuckle, thinking they had struck the bank; they
took the lot away but as they were not in circulation
A&S
they would be of little use. They were never caught or
anything found out about them and that plant of tokens
The stamped numbers so far noted on the reverse of A & S has yet to be found (Chitty 1907: 10019).
countermarked coins are 4 and 6. Their purpose is not known.
A. BUSH
A&S
Australian Token: UK (3)
Rev: Number
Australian Token: UK (2)
FREDERIC CADE
East Melbourne, Victoria
AUSTRALIAN STEAM NAVIGATION CO.
Sydney, New South Wales Frederick Cade was a pharmacist at 134 Collins Street
(Deacon 1955).
In 1867 the Australian Steam Navigation Company was
located on Sussex Street. It is likely that these countermarked F. CADE
coins are patterns meant to test a token die (Andrews 1921: Australian Token: UK (6)
30).
ALFRED CHITTY
A. S. N. CO. / Three Men in a Boat
Adelaide, South Australia
Australian Token: UK
British Halfpenny: 1853 UK (2) During the early twentieth century Alfred Chitty published a
British Penny: UK number of important papers on Australian coins and tokens. He
stamped these pieces sometime before 1912 (Deacon 1955).
WILLIAM ALLAMBY
East Melbourne, Victoria A. C.
Australian Token: UK (8)
Allamby was an East Melbourne green grocer on British Halfpenny: 1806 UK
Queensberry Street in 1860 (Henderson 1981: 10).
T. COKER
ALLAMBY
Melbourne, Victoria
Australian Token: UK (4)
In 1855 T. Coker operated a green grocery on Lonsdale
B Street.
Victoria
T. COKER
This is seen as a single letter, two letters or three letters as Australian Token: UK (10)
"B. B. B." on various Australian tokens (Henderson 1981: 11).
Its purpose is unknown, but such simple counterstamps often W. COOK
were used when a merchant wanted to convert another's Sandridge, Victoria
tokens for his own use.
The Sandridge Sugar Works was a large processing plant
B. (Often Multiple Stamps) for refining sugar. W. Cook also issued a struck penny token for
Australian Token: UK (6). his "Odd Fellows Store." Some believe these countermarked
\ coins are the earliest merchant tokens of the state of Victoria.
J. E. BONNEY
SUGAR WORKS / BY / W. COOK / BAY ST / SANDRIDGE /
J. E. BONNEY -TREACLE DELIVERED.
Australian Token: UK (2) British Penny: UK (4)
British Halfpenny: UK
ALBERT BUSH
Sandhurst, Victoria
E. COTTRILL
Bush had a stable at 181 Elizabeth Street in 1856. In 1857 E. COTTRILL / LATE COTTRILL & CO
a Mr. Ferris became his partner, and they opened a grocery at Australian Token: UK (4)
the corner of Williamson and Myers Streets in Sandhurst. The
mines in this area were called the Bendigo Goldfields, but from E. COVERLID
1853 to 1891 the township and later the city were called
Sandhurst. The numismatist Alfred Chitty knew Albert Bush and E. COVERLID
recalled: Australian Token: UK (2)
JOHN EDWARD CROCKFORD
Gregory G. Brunk (PO Box 125, Hudson, lowa 50643) June 2006 Draft - Comments Invited
Sandridge, Victoria J. A. G.
John Edward Crockford was associated with the Fountain J. A.G.
Inn on Bay Street. The hotel is still standing, although the town Australian Token: 1857 UK
of Sandridge is now a part of Port Melbourne. Crockford was a
city councilman in 1860 (Deacon 1955, Henderson 1981: 11). W. H. G.
J. E. C. (Curved) Deacon (1955: 21) argues that this is the counterstamp of
Australian Token: UK (7) W. H. Geary of Sydney.
J. E. C. (Straight) W. H. G.
Included above Australian Token: UK (2)
JD GARDNER & CO.
Sydney, New South Wales
The usual assumption made about this sort of stamp is that
"J D" is a person's name, and "G" represents a city. If so, one In 1867 this firm was on the Pacific Wharf, Druitt Street. It
possible issuer was J. Daniel of Geelong. sold marble, cement, shell, and lime.
JD/G GARDNER & CO / SYDNEY
Australian Token: UK (2) British Halfpenny: 1883
1. DANIELS GEELONG VOLUNTEER FIRE BRIGADE
North Melbourne, Victoria Geelong, Victoria
Mrs. Daniels was a grocer on Leveson Street (Henderson These countermarked halfpennies were used by the
1981: 13). Geelong Volunteer Fire Brigade to purchase refreshments at
fires (Chitty 1918: 6). One of them has a small "3" in the loop of
1. DANIELS the number "6".
Australian Token: 1858 UK
G VF B around 6
DOVER CASTLE British Halfpenny: UK (2)
North Adelaide, South Australia
JOHN HOLLAND
The Dover Castle Hotel was located at 47 Archer Street Melbourne, Victoria
from 1850 to 1984. Another hotel of the same name was
located in Melbourne (Deacon 1981, Henderson 1981: 13). In 1855 John Holland was manager of the Globe Inn, which
had "4 tables in the billiards room." In 1861 he was associated
DOVER CASTLE / Stag's Head / Crown with the Stork Hotel at 288 Elizabeth Street (Andrew 1921:
British Penny: UK 143, Henderson 1981: 14).
GORDON EVANS J. HOLLAND
Melbourne, Victoria Australian Token: UK
In 1846 this Melbourne stock broker was located in the HOLLAND & MEAD
Commerce Hall on Collins Street (Deacon 1955).
The inscription of this countermark is unclear. Another
GORDON EVANS / STOCK & SHARE BROKER / MELBOURNE possible reading is "Hammond & Mead."
British Cartwheel Twopence: 1797
HOLLAND/ & / MEAD
THOMAS FAX Australian Token: UK
Adelaide, South Australia British Halfpenny: George III
Fax's firm was founded in 1840, and by the 1860s was A. HOLMES
located on Leigh Street. He sold leather goods, shoemaking and Geelong, Victoria
bridery tools.
Holmes was a grocer in Geelong (Chitty 1907).
FAX / LEATHER / CUTTER
Australian Token: 1857 (2) 1858 UK (5) A. HOLMES / -o-/ GEELONG
British Cartwheel Penny: 1797 Australian Token: UK
PETER FLEIG C. HYDE
Aldgate, South Australia Victoria
Peter Fleig is a contemporary coin collector, who stamped While Hyde's countermark appears on Victoria tokens, he
coins, tokens, and cut coins with single letter punches during was not listed in 1860s Melbourne directories. So it is likely
the 1970s. The initials indicate "Peter Fleig, South Australia." that he was from a small, provincial town (Henderson 1981:
15).
PF/SA
Various World Coins and Tokens C. HYDE
Australian Token: 1857 1862 UK (8)
Gregory G. Brunk (PO Box 125, Hudson, lowa 50643) June 2006 Draft - Comments Invited
Knight's countermark only is known on well worn holey
CHARLES JENKINS dollars of New South Wales (Deacon 1955: 20; W. J. D. Mira
Adelaide, South Australia and W. J. Noble The Holey Dollars of New South Wales, 1988).
C. JENKINS / ADELAIDE T. KNIGHT
Australian Token: UK (4) Eight Reales Made into Holey Dollar: 1785 1799 1803 1808
C. JENKINS / AUCTIONEER / ADELAIDE UK (2)
Australian Token: UK (3)
JM
JOHNSON & CO.
Melbourne, Victoria J.M
Australian Token: UK (2)
This was a photographic company at 62 Little Collins Street
near the back of the town hall, and later on Emerald Hill in G. MITCHELL
South Melbourne (Deacon 1955).
G. MITCHELL / MRCVS
JOHNSON & CO MELBOURNE Australian Token: UK (2)
British Penny: UK (2)
Planchet (1) N
Tasmania?
W. H. KERNOT
Chilwell and Geelong, Victoria These may be from Tasmania since they are found on
tokens of Tasmania, Victoria, and New South Wales.
Kernot had a chemist shop at La Trobe Terrace in Chilwell,
which is now a Geelong suburb. Later he was located at the top N in Serrated Circle
of Mooraboo! Street in Geelong (Chitty 1907). His firm was Australian Token: UK (6)
established in 1853, and he died in 1892.
R. NURSE
Kernot advertised his specialities as "Easy Butter Maker, for
Producing Good Butter. Kernot's Rosemary, for the Complexion R. NURSE
and Hair. Soothing Powders, for Children Teething. Extra Strong British Halfcrown: UK
Seidlitz, Double the Usual Strength. Pitt's Patent Wheat, Kills British Halfpenny: UK
Sparrows, Mice and Rats. Curative Oils, for Sprains, Bruises, British Penny: UK
etc. Pills of Health, the Best Medicine, Etherial Ginger; for Wind, Australian Token: UK
Spasms, etc." He had a number of different stamps, which he
used in various combinations on coins and tokens. OWEN & SON
Geelong, Victoria
W. H. K.
Australian Token: 1857 UK (5) It seems likely that this countermark was issued by
pharmacists who specialized in treating venereal diseases
KERNOT / CHILWELL (Henderson 1981: 16).
Australian Token: 1857 UK
With THOMAS / AGENT / GEELONG OWEN & SON
Australian Token: UK Australian Token: UK
W. KERNOT
Australian Token: UK (7)
W. P.
W. KERNOT Australian Token: UK (5)
Rev: W. H. K.
Australian Token: UK WILLIAM PATTISON
Sydney, New South Wales
KERNOT / W. KERNOT / CHILWELL / W. H. K.
Rev: CHILWELL In 1848 Pattison lived on King Street (Andrews 1921: 145).
Australian Token: UK (2) In 1867 he was a gun maker at 233 Macquaire Street.
W. H. KERNOT / CHILWELL PATTISON / GUNSMITH / SYDNEY
Australian Token: UK (3) British Halfpenny: UK (2)
PETER A. KING T. ROBINSON
Prahran Melbourne, Victoria
Peter A. King managed the Crown Hotel on High Street Robinson and Company produced ale. In 1859 it was
(Henderson 1981: 15). located at 122 Collins Street (Andrews 1921: 146).
Crown / KING T. ROBINSON / BREWER / MELBOURNE
Australian Token: 1857 UK (2) Australian Token: UK
T. KNIGHT S. ROW
New South Wales
S. ROW
Gregory G. Brunk (PO Box 125, Hudson, lowa 50643) June 2006 Draft - Comments Invited
Australian Token: UK (4) 1981: 19). The Geelong Historical Records Centre told the
writer that it was aware of such pieces, but could not locate an
T. SALSBURY example to be photographed.
This die cutter's name is spelled two different ways in his V. CO.
own stamps. Australian Token: UK (2)
T. SALISBURY / ENGRAVER / & STAMPCUTTER A. WALKER
Australian Token: UK
A WALKER
T. SALSBURY / ENGRAVER / & STAMPCUTTER Australian Token: UK (2)
Australian Token: UK
W. WATSON
A. C. SCARFEL
Orroroo W. WATSON
Australian Token: UK (2)
A. C. SCARFEL GROCER / ORROROO
British Penny: UK WILLIAM WILSON
Sydney, New South Wales
J. SMITH
William Wilson was listed in the 1867 directory as an
J. SMITH engraver at this address. His pieces are the most often seen
Australian Token: UK (2) Australian countermarked coins.
W: SMITH WILSON / ENGRAVER / 390 PITTS
Australian Token: 1857 (2) 1858 UK (20)
The writer does not know if the countermarks on British
coins are from the same stamp. WILSON / ENGRAVER / 390 PITT S / SYDNEY
Australian Token: UK (3)
W. SMITH Austrian Kreuzer: 1816
Australian Token: UK (3) French Sou: 1791
British Halfpenny: 1799 Russian Five Kopeck: 1816
British Penny: UK
J. THOMAS
Geelong, Victoria
In 1865 J. Thomas was a chemist on Malop Street. His
shop was managed by a Mr. Owen, who also seems to have
countermarked coins. Thomas' stamps often appear on the
tokens of Professor Holloway, a patent medicine dealer in
London, England. This suggests Thomas was the Victorian agent
for Holloway's pills. He died in 1906 (Chitty 1907, Deacon
1955).
JT
Australian Token: 1861 (2) UK (6)
THOMAS / AGENT / GEELONG
Australian Token: 1857 (4) UK (6)
With KERNOT / CHILWELL
Australian Token: UK
JT / THOMAS / AGENT / GEELONG
Australian Token: 1857 UK (5)
J. TOWNSEND
East Melbourne, Victoria
Andrews (1921: 147) assigns this countermark to a fruit
dealer who was located at 125 Elizabeth Street.
J. TOWNSEND
Australian Token: UK
VOLUM BREWERY
Geelong, Victoria
In 1857 the well known Geelong Brewery was purchased by
James Volum, who renamed it Volum Brewery. He stamped
various Australian tokens with the mark "V. Co." (Henderson