Men to Devils, Devils to Men: Japanese War Crimes and Chinese Justice

414 Pages·2015·3.003 MB·English

by  Barak Kushner

Men to Devils, Devils to Men
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Men to Devils,
Devils to Men
Japanese War Crimes
and Chinese Justice
Barak Kushner
Cambridge, Massachusetts
London, England
2015
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Copyright © 2015 by Barak Kushner
all rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America

First printing
Library of Congress Cataloging- in- Publication Data
Kushner, Barak, 1968– author.
Men to devils, devils to men : Japanese war crimes and Chinese
justice / Barak Kushner.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-0-674-72891-2
1. War crime trials—China. 2. War crimes—Japan. 3. World War,
1939-1945—Atrocities—Japan. 4. Sino-Japanese War, 1937–1945.
I. Title.
KNQ43.K87 2015
341.6'90268—dc23 2014014453
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Contents
List of Illustrations vii
Introduction 1
1 Defeat in Denial: The Regional Impact of
Japan’s Surrender 29
2 Devil in the Details: Chinese Policies on Japan’s
War Crimes 69
3 Flexible Imperial Identity: Administering Postwar
Legal Guilt 108
4 Chinese Nationalist Justice: The KMT Trials 137
5 Taiwan: Political Expediency and Japanese
Imperial Assistance 185
6 An Unsatisfying Peace: Shifting Attitudes on
War Crimes 210
7 Socialist Magnanimity: The CCP Trials 248
Conclusion 300
Notes 323
Glossary 389
Acknowledgments 395
Index 399
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List of Illustrations
Map: BC trials in Asia ix
Asahi newspaper article about POWs 37
An entry ticket to the Sakai trial, 1946 151
The execution of Tani Hisao 163
Life photographs of Japanese war criminals
executed by the KMT in China 164–165
A Japanese Ministry of Foreign Affairs map
showing foreign embassies in Tokyo 224
“Love statue” in front of Tokyo Station 243
Map of route taken from USSR to China
by Japanese prisoners 267
Pu Yi testifying at the Shenyang trial 285
Chinese propaganda leaflet, “Together China
and the USSR are strong” 297
“Chinese people should learn from the Jews” 309
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key to map locations
Japan (UN managed) Netherlands
UN1: Tokyo (Ichigaya) (Class A) N1: Hollandia (Kota Jayapura)
UN2: Tokyo (Marunouchi) (planned N2: Ambon
but cancelled) N3: Morotai
N4: Menado (also known as Manado)
US managed N5: Kupang (Kota Kupang)
N6: Makassar
US1: Yokohama
N7: Balikpapan
US2: Shanghai
N8: Banjarmasin
US3: Manila
N9: Pontianak
US4: Guam
N10: Tanjung Pinang
US5: Kwajalein
N11: Batavia
N12: Medang
China
C1: Shenyang (site of 1956 Chinese
UK
Communist trials as well)
UK1: Labuan
C2: Beijing
UK2: Jesselton (now known as Kota
C3: Taiyuan (site of 1956 Chinese
Kinabalu)
Communist trials as well)
UK3: Hong Kong
C4: Jinan
UK4: Alor Setar
C5: Xuzhou
UK5: Penang
C6: Nanjing
UK6: Taiping
C7: Shanghai
UK7: Kuala Lumpur
C8: Hankou
UK8: Johor Bahru
C9: Taipei
UK9: Singapore
C10: Guangdong
UK10: Rangoon
UK11: Maymyo
Australia
A1: Hong Kong
Philippines
A2: Labuan
PH1: Manila
A3: Singapore
A4: Wewak
France
A5: Rabaul
A6: Manus Island F1: Saigon
A7: Morotai
A8: Ambon
A9: Darwin
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C1
C2 UN1
C3 UN2
C4 US1
C5
C8 C6 US2
C7
C9
C10
UK11
A1
UK10 UK3 US4
US3
UK4 PH1
UK5 F1
UK6 US5
UK7 A3
UK8 UK9
A2 UK2
N12 N10 UK1
A7
N4 N3
N9 N7 N1 A4 A5
N8
N6 A8 A6
N2
N11
N5
A9
BC trials in Asia. Totals: 1 Class A; 49 Class BC.
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