Table Of Content•
Wrta nLdab uorin V iocirtnaB raiitn
TIM �BARRINGER
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copyipnegr mitbtyeS de cti1o0n7sa nd1 08o ft heU .SC.o pyrigLhatwa nde xcebpytr eviewfeorrts h e
publpirce swsi)t,h owurti ttpeenr missfiroonmt hep ublishers.
DesigbnyeC da rolCSa.t es
Seitn A dobGea ramotynpdeb yA myS torm
PrintiendS i ngapboyrC e SG raphics
LibraorfyC ongreCsast aloging-in-PDuabtlai cation
BarrinT.g eJr.,
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p. em.
Includbeisb liograrpehfiecraelan ncdei sn dex.
ISBN0 -3000-3l8 0-(8c loatlhk:p. a per)
1.L aboirn a rt2..A rta nds ociety-Engl3a.n dA.r t, Victorianl-T.Ein tgllAear:nta d n.d l abouirn
VictorBiraint aIiInT..i tle.
N8219.L2B345 2005
704.9'49331'09034-dc22
2004013492
A catalorgeuceo frodtr h ibso oki sa vailafbrloemt heB ritiLsihb r.a ry
The paipnet rh ibso okm eettsh eg uidelifnoperes r manenacnedd urabiolfit thyeC ommittoeneP roduction
GuidelifnoerBso okL ongevoiftt yh eC ouncoinlL ibraRreys ources.
10 9 8 67 5 4 3 2 1
FRONTISPCIEE: GeogreE lgarH icksT,h Sei neowfOsl Edn aguld1,85 7·
Watercoloura ndb odycoloonup ra pe3r0,x 21'/ isn(. 7x6 5 3e·m5) .
YaleC entefro Brr itAirsthP ,a uMle lloCno llection
Tom ys teunsdt-psatp,r esaenfondtt ue,r- wittahhn sk
• CONTENTS •
Preface IX
AnA estohfLe atbiocu r
I NTRODU CTIO N:
cHAPTER r. ArRtle,ii goann,Ld a bour 21
cHAPTER 2. TheH arvFeisetil ntd hR ea wialAyg e
cHAPTER 3. BalcksamniAdttr hi st 133
Aratn Iddn utysr
CHAPTER 4·
cHAPTER 5.C oloGnoitahli c 243
AesthaentLdia cbiosumr
co N cL u sI o :N
Notes 332
Index 373
PhotCor edits
• PREFACE •
Toc onstihdoeer rni gsoi ft hbioso ikts o r evtehaolas uet obaipohgierclaelm ewnhtisc h
permeaalstlce h olabrusth iwaphr ipece,hr hbaepslstet,u f nspokiesn .m yI ntaRi nu ski
fnaatstyh tahtge e romft hbeo olki ienvs i seuxaple rriaetnthcheearw n o rodsri deas.
Unofgrtetaobnlt ehe,ev oef eixttsi nicntt hieo nre 9aor8swl,ay ts h sec orcphainnogr ama
ofS heffisef lurnda'ceasn fdor geasg aitnhsdeta rYkor kshsikrye, v(iilkeewm easdno y
scenoefls a boiuntr h bioso fkor)m a p oisitonc oomfof rtadbeltema ecnht-sac hool
buosn t hmeo trowaEyq.u ally maettm hoeern aodbf alr ea tirlfi orpm B radfoovredr
thPeen neiswn aasf isrisgtoh fFt o rMda doBxr owW0nrle',sw hovsies aunacdlo nceptual
richrneemsasii nnesx hatuwsdote icballdeae .tsI e nLr ondoni,wt a tsh fea rbirca,t her
thatnho eb jeocftt hsVe,i ctaonrAdil ab eMruetsu mt haprto viard eesadel n osfe
Victocrutiluear niw iatntgob er eevaeld-illegisbgffilrteaao n odb scumroesd;a ic
soot-ctoeartreada-n cddou tstgtaiy ml otu ldignigafisngt;u relsa boeofrui srnL eignh'tso
illfe-rslciotMe asn.yy e alrasts eirm,if loramosrf d ecorcaatuigomhnyet y aeag nisvte ry
diffeenrstk iienMs a darsa nBdo myb.Aa rt laanbd,o n uotrrha nsdo umteht,r opole
an(di Vni ct'orsre iiacgonnl)yo : atrhteeh yme a ttoeftr h bioso k.
DURING THE TWO DECADES thaIht a vbee epner occubpyit ehVdei ctorian
spectoaflc albeoI hu arv,ae c crauf eordm idalbiolsfdet e botnsls,y o moefw hiccahn
bea cknogwelhdee drIenI.l l deMyik,e S eleinncaao guerdt eae ntaowg erria tne A-level
essaabyo Vuitc toirmgiaeaosnfw orAkt.C ambrgiedIw afsor tuntaoht aevN ee il
McKendarniGdcr ka hHaomw easss upveirrsswo himlaek ifnigar sctq uaiwnittahn ce
Victoproriscaern i tainctdih shemi stoofpr ayt roRnoasgiaednl.aH adrimaant,
PotrsmohC uitytA rGta lle,ri ynivtmeed- tom ya mazenmte-otc uartaem ajor
exihbitferisofhnor mc olgleeT.h es ecocnhda potfte hrbi oso tko oikts st arptoiinngt
formc onverswaitthiheo arnb usot GgeeVo ircCaotl Hea'rsv eTmiset.
Thep rojteocostkc holforamra lsyd oac tdoirsasle rattta hUteni iovne orfSs uistsye x.
Io wea ni naclculdaebbtltot e h seu perovfti shwoaortr Mka,r cPiaiano tnf,or h er
inetllercitgu,oca urlre attyai,nv gdie netrySo.ts eipDhaenni aenlGdse oHffe mstedt,
eaxmirnsoe ft he stimhsae,d mea nuys uelsf uggestions.
X PREFACE
Reseafrorpc ahr otfts h see cohnadol ffteh b oowka bse gwuhni Ilw ea asp ost
doctfolerolawil n t hRee seaDrecpha rtomfte hnVeti ctaonrAdil ab eMruts euwmh,e re
thseu ptpo ofEr laibzeEtshte e-vCloC,lh arSlaeusme azSr mtihC,a roSlayrnng steon,
anMda lcolmm aBtaekreairia dlelpdyr oigtrLsei Mszis ll.e Mra,r gaTriemtm earnsd,
SusLaanm bewerltc oamnei dne trloipnPe rris an ntDdr awianngsdsu ,p rptoetdh e
aqcuisiotfJi aomSnehs a lrsep'Tsh Feog rea nidst p leaf tort hMeu seuTmh.el aCtliev e
Waiwnrigphrto vaeb dei ngann bde ugilgiuneigt d ot hpeo etoifSc oshu K tensnigtno,
whlieRa afeDle inso,v eapr ionrtt wou,n raviestlp lotelidic s.
Thes taaffti nunmeralbialbreri aensmd u seumsa ihdamevyder eseamrocsht,
notatbhloyas tte h Ber tiiLsihrb a,rt yhNea otniaAlr Lti rba,ra yntdh Per iRnoto am t
thVe& AT.h eF riAcrkRt e efrenLciaebr rayn tdh Wee rtheSitmu odfty h e NYoerwk
PubLliiabcr rpyr oviiddeesdau lor urnndgiisn whtiocc ohm pltehwtere i tIip nagir.ct
ulatrhlayKn ikmS treKeitrsHs,at myi latnoAdnn ,n Geo odcahtSi hledffi Meulsde ums
anPdh iDulnn a ntdh set aoffft hPee oep'Hlsi stMoursye umM anicnh esAttRe erc.o rds
OfficeisnL eedSsh,e ffiealndBd, lc akburtnh,se t awffe ruena finlgilhye luplaf,s were
thleo chasilt olriaybr riiantn hso csieets Ei.m iRloyw laonfdt hSeu rreRye coSredrsev ic
kindhleeyld pu ntantghlceeo mplihciastyte odJor ofnh L innsle alnaldt' Redstone
WoodM.i ekM illwarfordm,e rKleye poeftr h Bel auckrnCb itMyu seuamie,dd m y
reseoanrS chha rspa,ln eidwt a ps rlievgtioem eetth,r ohuigmhM, a riSohna rptlhees ,
artsgi rsatn'dda,au nghdhi tgser reat-granEdidlaIeuweagnnh itcwekhriom ,a daeav ilable
tom et hfema i'lfsysa icnatcionliglo encTsth.el ate LJionanBneu lrnlt,w o hos hared
hegrr eat-agtrrha'eqnsud kifyrc harwma,as g racainocduh sma irnhgo st,a lwalenodd
mea m emroabgllepi smoefh earr choifJv oehL ni nnesll le'tsat nemdra nuscnroiwp ts,
int hFeiz wtiilalMmu seuCmh.r istLoopnhdegoren n eraoluwlselodmy e t or eproduce
hiosw ne xecllpehnott ogorfta hpVehi ctToerrmiian ianBl o mby.a
Thecshea phtvaeerb se esnh apaendrd e shaapspe adp egrisvi enBn r ainit,t he
UneidtS tataensAd,u satlriaanId,a mg rautlte oaf ltlh owsheoh avmea dmee t hink
hardbeytr h eqiure stainocdno sm mnetIsn.p artriI,ct uhlaaCnakor leiA nrscPoatutl,
BaorwlN, icola CBhorwins,tB oerpwhaerDrde ,b orCahrher ,Dy avPiedt ers Corbett,
FeilxD riv,eP retHeoreff nberAgli,s oIgnnl iPast,r JiocykcP ea,t rMiccCkua gehyL,yn n
NeaCdh,r isPtaiyanLneoa,u iPsuer brKiicmRk e,y noNlodrsm,Va ann ceW,i lValu ghan,
SheaWresetrM, i chWaheele ,la enrAdn dreWwi ltfoorcn h laelngainnedgr n iching
myi nteartpirsoo evntetrhy ee aJresnn.ie frG rahgaemn ersohuasrlieynod fr matoino n
QuetniMna ssys.
MichaGeielbaea luhs,eM nichHaaerltJ ,a sRoons eelnAdfl,xe N emevr,Do iaKnr iz,
anSda lMoantiuh rr easde ctoifto hnmesa nuscarniIdph ta,vg er eavtallyut eehdi r
commentesv,ew nh eIrh eva ef iaeldt or esptootn ehdm I.o wea ne ven gdreebtatot er
thrfeirneed wsh or eadw htohmleae n uscarnimdpa ettr iiamlpolrvye idit nn umerous
PREAFCE XI
wayKsr:ti isHnuan eaaunlJdta nCiacrel biostlaheu ,t hoofr sfis nteu doifre esps retena
tioonfls a boaunrd, P Lrieezotj htnw,h osmeag istweorriokanA l e stheptriocviisdme s
bohtc omplemeanntad n tietd oow thaitos ff erehde rTeh.em ansucprthi abse enfited
formt hset eernd itaotrtiieaosnlno t f JWoehlnli snw, h oml iabrriyap nerlciiosn,
grmamaticpaealdn rtya,n adg itff org enerfioreunsd asrhheia ppi plmye t.
Theb oohka rse cegievneedr souupspf oorrmtm anpyeo ploev etrhy ee aarmso,n g
theVman esGsraa haanmAd l isWeolnbs yA.t Y ale iUvnerPsrietPsyas t,r Fiicdilae r and
heoru sttantdeianhmga vbee en cioldalebaolr aIte osrpse.ct ihaalnlky MKiocmhieel le
and JLoohnangn edx peedrtirL t aouJronae Dso oyl.Iem ' grautlte oCf arCoalt feors
creatiinvceolryp oGroadrtfeiSyyn kge Vsi'cst owrhmiiassnii etnoh eerl egdaeinsgtn s.
TheP aul MCeelnletf orornS utdieBsir tiiAnsr hhta gse nerporuosvliysd uepdp ort
fort hbeo o'pksr ocdtuni,ao nIdt haBnrika Anl l,Fe rnaSnakml ona,n tdh mee mebrs
oft hpeu baltiiscco omnmtitfeoret hefiiarti hn ptrhoijse ct.
AtY aleIo, w eap airctudleabtor t t het iesrnteao ffft hCee ntfeorBr r itish Art and
espieacltlot yhD ei erctAomry,M eyefrorsh ,e urn afigle inhntussimaf,ir enednlcyo ur
aegmenatn,pd r acticaTlh asnuakplspts oootr htle.i a brriSauns Barna adnytd h e
StuRdoyo smt .aG ffialnlF iorerstsue nru'sguitafsflor s choslhaierpd,ir tiioasl,i ng
firendispha,n hd ospailytih tavaell lett fhiemra rkt hobino so Ykal.ce a n beex tarna
ordiypn laartchebi;os o akn idt asu thhoarvb ee eenni lvenbeypd rx oimyti otac aosft
remarkcahbalrea icctnleurdsSi,un sgGa ren enrbgNe,o aS etimsaykt,A ngTursu mble,
JenenrTiu cfkearn,d rKiaaYnokno ta.
Thibso oikds e dictoa mtyes dt udentst,e abicgenh,tc hamueos sect o nstisltye n
stuilmataisnpgoe fcmt yp orefsisoanlle i,hfa psr ovitdhreefied ne 'rfise rf orm yi deas
aboaurtat n d l.aI bnpo aurrti,fi cnualelaa-urrynd ergracdluaasotsnPee r se -Raiiptshmae l
atB irnmgihaamn adtY a lea,n adg radusaeitmanero nR uksisna,lw eilvdye baotfe s
thies sumeasy.b eu Intw isseni gtlooeu i tn divibduuatam losnt,gh d eo ctsoutral
denwtistw hh omIh avdesi custshebidos o Ikt hankc ltohVsaietoct rt iaDnoiusgtl,a s
Forhda,ma nd especiOa'lNleyIi h lMalov.rne a lmeuacrhfn oremdh e rre lvaetory
stuodfWya letrC ranaen,ho etcrh apitnte hrhe i osrtoyfa ratn lda ubroE.m iWleye ks
anKdr tiisHne nrhya vbee eenx pert pictuarswe e larlsfie ness ecahroclhaerrss.
RebeMcccGai nsnh ialsvi etdh urgoht hcer teiaoannr de e-cartoifot nh bioso fkol,
lowiinttgsr atioBl u ryn,Bl lecakburann,Bd o bmayA;b ienrag nd Actleti;eff roSdra lf
anSdy dneha.m Io nclahyno pteh asthfe ee ltsh leo njgorn uey bheaesw no ritth .
