Table Of ContentOUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
MEMORY IN ANCIENT ROME
AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
Memory in Ancient
Rome and Early
Christianity
Editedby
KARL GALINSKY
1
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
3
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OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
Preface
Memory studies have burgeoned, nay exploded, in the past three
decades. There are multiple, and mostly good, reasons for that phe-
nomenonandIwillsurveyanddiscussthemintheIntroduction.One
of the strongest aspects of memory studies is their multidisciplinary
nature: concern with memory has moved to the forefront of major
scholarly areas, such as the humanities, social sciences, and media
studies.Fortuitously,thesedevelopmentshavebeenaccompaniedby
important breakthroughs in the neuroscience and neuropsychology
ofmemoryprovidingtheopportunity,andinfactnecessity,oftrans-
disciplinary approaches and dialogue transcending self-imposed
boundaries like that of the two cultures. One of the several positive
corollaries has been the absence of orthodoxies and rigid, if not
mechanical, theoretical frameworks. Memory studies do not lack
conceptual definitions, but, due to the multifaceted nature of mem-
ory, which is a constant work in progress, they incorporate a great
dealofempiricismaswell.Andtheyhaveresonatedbecausememory
isnotanabstractnotionbutanever-presententitythatshapesmuch
ofthelivesofindividuals,groups,andcivilizations.
There are two primary reasons, then, for this volume. One is that
memorywasadefiningaspectofRomancivilizationandplayedamajor
role in all its aspects: literature (including historiography and poetry),
socialandpoliticalhistory,artandarchitecture(monumentabydefin-
ition are carriers of memory), and religion. Early Christianity was
embedded in this context that contributed to shaping the identity of
the early Jesus movement; several contributors, therefore, address the
topic from various perspectives. What their chapters, and those on
Roman topics, have in common is engagement with current memory
scholarship beyond routine invocations of ‘cultural’, ‘collective’, or
‘social’ memory. That engagement is, and has to be, selective because
ofthesheerplethoraofpublicationsthatcomprisethe‘memoryboom’,
butitisalsooverdue.Itisimportantforclassiciststoshareinimportant
scholarly conversations that are taking place in other fields and to
contribute their own points of view. The aim, as always, is to employ
and test some methods and impulses from current work on memory
studies over a broad spectrum of Roman phenomena, to determine
theirutility,andtoseewhatnewperspectivesmightresult.
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
vi Preface
That,inshort,hasalsobeentheobjectiveoftheMemoriaRomana
project that was made possible due to a generous award from the
Max-Planck Society and the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation
(www.utexas.edu/research/memoria). It has funded, on an inter-
national basis, fourteen doctoral students and, with smaller grants,
seventeen postdocs and more advanced scholars, in addition to sev-
eral conferences and panels at meetings of learned societies. The
chapters in this volume originated with these programmes and, on
a selective basis, have been greatly refined and expanded in light of
further discussion and criticism. They were chosen for this volume
bothbecauseofthetopicstheyaddressandbecausetheycontributeto
the discussion of continuing themes in this collection; we wanted a
variety of subjects and perspectives without producing disiecta frag-
menta. The collection, therefore, should be useful especially to those
interestedintheclassicalworldasanintroductiontomemorystudies
andthelighttheycanshedontheimportanceofmemoryinancient
RomeandfornascentChristianity.Itismyhope,too,thatthereader
will use our work as a springboard for further reflection and argu-
mentandthatitwillstimulatemoreendeavoursinthisveryricharea.
I am grateful to the Max-Planck Society and the Alexander von
HumboldtFoundationfortheiroutstandingsupport;totheSeminar
for Classical Philology at the Ruhr-Universität Bochum, its director,
Professor Reinhold Glei, and Dr Wolfgang Polleichtner, who were
excellent hosts for the locus of the project; to Dr Bartolo Natoli, my
projectassistantatthetime,forhispatienthelpwiththepreparation
ofthemanuscript;andtothecontributorsfortheconstructiveand,at
times,time-consumingdialoguewecarriedon.Iamalsomostgrate-
fultoHilaryO’Sheaforherearlyinterestandencouragement;tothe
two readers for the Oxford University Press for their supportive
suggestions;andtoHilary’ssuccessor,CharlotteLoveridge,herassist-
ants Alex Johnson and Annie Rose, and our copy-editor Rowena
Anketellwithwhomithasbeenagenuinepleasuretoworkthrough-
out the editorial and production process. On the basis of the initial
discussions, we decided to conceptualize this volume as a Roman
companiontoHistoricalandReligiousMemoryintheAncientWorld
(ed. by B. Dignas and R. R. R. Smith, 2012) that was published in
honour of the late Simon Price. This volume, too, is dedicated,
fittingly, to the memory of this uniquely influential scholar much of
whoseworkwasdevotedtoancientRomeandearlyChristianity.
KarlGalinsky
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
Contents
ListofFigures ix
ListofContributors xi
Introduction 1
KarlGalinsky
PART I. MEMORY AND ROMAN WRITERS
1. MemoryasMotiveinTacitus 43
AlainM.Gowing
2. ForgetfulTheseusandMindfulAeneasinCatullus
64andAeneid4 65
BrigitteB.Libby
3. KnowledgeofReligioninValeriusMaximus’Exempla:
RomanHistoriographyandTiberianMemoryCulture 89
JörgRüpke
PART II. MEMORY AND ROMAN EMPERORS
4. AugustanReconstructionandRomanMemory 115
EricOrlin
5. QualisArtifexPereo:TheGenerationofRoman
MemoriesofNero 145
CharlesW.Hedrick,Jr.
PART III. ROMAN HONORIFIC STATUES:
MEMORY OR JUST HONOUR?
6. IntheWebof(Hi-)Stories: Memoria,Monuments,
andTheirMyth-Historical‘Interconnectedness’ 169
Karl-J.Hölkeskamp
7. Marius,Sulla,andtheWaroverMonumentalMemory
andPublicSpace 214
ElkeStein-Hölkeskamp
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
viii Contents
8. Monuments,Memory,andStatusRecognitionin
RomanAsiaMinor 235
DianaY.Ng
PART IV. MEMORY IN ROMAN RELIGION
AND EARLY CHRISTIANITY
9. TheCraftingofMemoryinLateRomanMortuarySpaces 263
NicolaDenzeyLewis
10. Memory,Performance,andtheSayingsofJesus 286
JohnS.Kloppenborg
11. SweetMemory:ArchaeologicalEvidenceofJesusin
Jerusalem 324
JodiMagness
12. MovingPetertoRome:SocialMemoryandRitualized
SpaceAfter70CE 344
MiltonMoreland
PART V. A PERSPECTIVE FROM
NEUROPSYCHOLOGY
13. TheNeuroscienceofMemory 369
Ann-KathrinStock,HannahGajsar,andOnurGüntürkün
IndexLocorum 393
GeneralIndex 398
OUPCORRECTEDPROOF–FINAL,18/11/2015,SPi
List of Figures
4.1 Pantheon,Rome(photographybyBengtNyman,
WikimediaCommons) 121
4.2 ColumncapitalfromtheTempleofApolloSosianus
(photographbytheauthor) 130
4.3 PlanoftheTempleofApollo,TheatreofMarcellus,
andPorticusOctaviae(courtesyofA.Viscogliosi) 133
4.4 TheTempleofApolloSosianusfromtherear,withthe
TheatreofMarcellusinfront(photographbytheauthor) 134
5.1 Categoriesofapprehension(bytheauthor) 148
6.1 TheForumRomanumin44BCE(bypermissionof
CambridgeUniversityPress) 178
6.2a–c ThedifferentbranchesoftheMarcii(familyrelationspartly
hypothetical):(a)MarciiCensorini;(b)MarciiPhilippi
andFiguli;(c)MarciiReges(bytheauthor) 184–185
6.3 DenariusofL.MarciusCensorinus,82BCE:reverse
(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 188
6.4 DenariusofC.MarciusCensorinus,88BCE,obverseand
reverse(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 189
6.5 DenariusofC.MarciusCensorinus,88BCE,obverse
(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 190
6.6 Denariusof(L.Marcius)Philippus,56BCE,obverseand
reverse(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 190
6.7 DenariusofT.QuinctiusFlamininus(126BCE),obverseand
reverse(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 201
6.8 DenariusofA.PostumiusAlbinus(96BCE),obverseand
reverse(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 201
7.1 Forum,Comitium,andCapitolinthelateRepublic,with
routeoftriumphs(courtesyVerlagC.H.Beck,Munich) 224
7.2 DenariusbyFaustusSulla,56BCE,reverse
(NumismatischeBilddatenbankEichstätt) 226
8.1 StatuebaseofRhixos,Ephesus(photographbytheauthor) 252
9.1 HypogeumofViaLatina/CatacombsofViaDino
Compagni;detailofpaintingsinCubiculumN(left)and
CubiculumO(right)(imagecourtesyofG.Snyder) 271
