Membrane desalination: from nanoscale to real world applications

401 Pages·2020·18.234 MB·English

by  Sapalidis, Andreas

Membrane Desalination

Membrane Desalination
From Nanoscale to Real World
Applications
Edited by
Andreas Sapalidis
Firsteditionpublished2021
byCRCPress
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©2021Taylor&FrancisGroup,LLC
FirsteditionpublishedbyCRCPress2021
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Contents
Preface.............................................................................................................vii
Biography.........................................................................................................ix
Editors..............................................................................................................xi
Chapter1 IntroductiontoMembraneDesalination.......................................1
AndreasA.Sapalidis,EvangelosP.Kouvelos,
GeorgeE.Romanos,andNickK.Kanellopoulos
Chapter2 MembraneMaterialsDesignTrends:Nanoadditives...................17
ShadiaR.Tewfik,MohamedH.Sorour,AbdelghaniM.G.
Abulnour,HayamF.Shaalan,HebaA.Hani,MarwaM.H.
El-Sayed,YomnaO.Abdelrahman,EmanS.Sayed,AyaN.
Mohamed,AmanyA.Al-Mansoup,andNourhanA.Shawky
Chapter3 FunctionalizationofCarbon-BasedAdditives.............................67
MyrsiniKyriakiAntoniou,AndreasSapalidis,and
ZiliSideratou
Chapter4 NanohybridGraphene-BasedMaterialsforAdvancedWastewater
Treatment:AdsorptionandMembraneTechnology.....................91
GeorgeZ.Kyzas,EvangelosP.Favvas,and
AthanasiosC.Mitropoulos
Chapter5 StateoftheArtandPerspectivesinMembranesforMembrane
Distillation/MembraneCrystallization.......................................125
CarmenMeringolo,GianlucaDiProfio,EfremCurcio,Elena
Tocci,EnricoDrioli,andEnricaFontananova
Chapter6 ArtificialWaterChannels:TowardNext-GenerationReverse
OsmosisMembranes..................................................................211
MariaDiVincenzo,SophieCerneaux,IstvanKocsis,andMihail
Barboiu
v
vi Contents
Chapter7 DesalinationMembranes:CharacterizationTechniques............229
RundAbu-Zurayk,MohammedR.Qtaishat,andAbeerAl
Bawab
Chapter8 CarbonMolecularModelsforDesalination...............................251
GeorgiaKarataraki,AnastasiosGotzias,andElenaTocci
Chapter9 VirtualMaterialDesign:APowerfulToolforthe
DevelopmentofHigh-EfficiencyPorousMedia.........................269
StéphanBarbeandAronKneer
Chapter10 EstimationofProcessParametersinIndustrialMembrane
ManufactureUsingComputationalFluidDynamics.................285
StéphanBarbe,FeiWang,AronKneer,MichaelMetze,
ChristianWenning,PatrickAltschuh,andBrittaNestler
Chapter11 TowardsEnergy-EfficientReverseOsmosis................................303
MohamedT.MitoandPhilipDavies
Chapter12 MembraneFoulingandScalinginReverseOsmosis..................325
NirajanDhakal,AlmotasembellahAbushaban,NasirMangal,
MohanadAbunada,JanC.Schippers,andMariaDKennedy
Chapter13 SustainableDevelopmentandFutureTrendsinDesalination
Technology.................................................................................345
MattheusGoosenandHaceneMahmoudi
Terminology...................................................................................................369
Index..............................................................................................................383
Preface
Countless pages have been written on the importance of water quality to
humanity. All of them include one very specific phrase: water=life. This equa-
tion leaves no room for interpretation; there are no buts or ifs. Western soci-
eties have found themselves isolated from the natural environment, which they
take for granted, with their only concern being what will be the next techno-
logical development in terms of the television’s resolution, the electric vehicle’s
mileage, and the smartphone’s camera capabilities.
Our natural resources are deteriorating in terms of both quality and quan-
tity. Solutions need to be included in our everyday life that will provide
a heathy and sustainable environment for the generations to come.
Looking at the Earth from a distance, no one can assume that this habitat
is lacking water resources. The technology to introduce all this water in our
everyday life is not widely established, however. The easy answer to why we
don’t use all the seawater that surrounds us is that associated energy costs and
environmental impacts make it unattractive to do so.
Desalination has had major scientific and technological breakthroughs in
the last 50 years, reducing the costs for every m3 of potable water produced
massively by introducing better performing membranes, energy recovery sys-
tems, effective pretreatment, fouling control, and process optimization.
The aforementioned have been boosted by nanotechnology, which, for the
last 30 years has provided ingenious solutions in desalination, and particularly,
in membrane synthesis.
In this book, the reader will be introduced to membrane-based desalination
methods, from the nanoscale to real-world applications, as well as to future
developments.
vii

Biography
Dr. Andreas Sapalidis isa researcherat the Instituteof Nanoscienceand Nano-
technology of the National Centre for Scientific Research Demokritos, Greece.
He holds a bachelor’s degree in petroleum engineering from the Technological
Institute of Kavala, Greece. In 2004, he obtained his masterof science from the
Department of Chemistry in the field of polymer science of the National and
KapodistrianUniversityofAthens,andin2009,aPhDfromthesamedepart-
ment.He isa memberofMembranes and MaterialsforEnvironmentalSepar-
ations Laboratory (MESL) for more than 15 years, with his research interests
focusing on novel preparation and characterization techniques of nanostructured
materials for environmental and energy applications. Indicatively, Dr. Sapalidis
focusesonpreparationandcharacterizationofnanocompositestructures,develop-
ment of porous hybrid polymeric and inorganic membranes, and novel sorbents
forliquidandgasapplications.
He is the co-author of 40 research papers and has given more than 50 con-
ference presentations.
ix