Table Of ContentBlood Cell
Biochemistry
Volume 2
Megakaryocytes, Platelets,
Macrophages, and Eosinophils
Blood Cell Biochemistry
Series Editor
J. R. Harris, North East Thames Regional Transfusion Centre, Brentwood, Essex, England
Volume I Erythroid Cells
Edited by J. R. Harris
Volume 2 Megakaryocytes, Platelets, Macrophages, and Eosinophils
Edited by J. R. Harris
Volume 3 Lymphocytes and Granulocytes
Edited by J. R. Harris
Volume 4 Basophil and Mast Cell Degranulation and Recovery
Ann M. Dvorak
A Continuation Order Plan is available for this series. A continuation order will bring delivery of each new
volume immediately upon publication. Volumes are billed only upon actual shipment. For further informa
tion please contact the publisher.
Blood Cell
Biochemistry
Volume 2
Megakaryocytes, Platelets,
Macrophages, and Eosinophils
Edited by
J. R. Harris
North East Thames Regional Transfusion Centre
Brentwood, Essex, England
Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Megakaryocytes, platelets, macrophages, and eosinophils I edited by
J.R. Harris.
p. em.-- <Blood cell biochemistry: v. 21
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4757-9533-2 ISBN 978-1-4757-9531-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-9531-8
1. Blood platelets. 2. Megakaryocytes. 3. Macrophages.
4. Eosinophi Is. I. Harris, James R. II. Ser1es.
QP97.M4 1990
612.1'1--dc20 90-41741
CIP
© 1991 Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Plenum Press, New York in 1991
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1991
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming,
recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher
Contributors
Yoshimitsu Abiko Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentis-
try at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan
S. J. Ackerman Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi
tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Michael Aviram Lipid Research Laboratory, Rambam Medical Center, and Rap-
paport Institute for Research in the Medical Sciences, Technion Faculty of Medicine,
Haifa, Israel
Rolande Berthier DRF/Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for
Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
Janine Breton-Gorius Unite 91 INSERM, Hospital Henri Mondor, 94010 Creteil,
France
Alain Duperray DRF/Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for
Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
Evelyne Dupuy Unite 150 INSERM, Hospital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France
Ann M. Dvorak Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi
tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
Simon Karpatkin New York University Medical School, New York, New York
10016, USA
Gerard Marguerie DRF /Laboratory of Hematology, Unite 217 INSERM, Center for
Nuclear Studies, F38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
Francine Rendu Unite 150 INSERM, Hospital Lariboisiere, 75010 Paris, France
Yasuko Shibata Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentistry
at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan
v
vi Contributors
Hisashi Takiguchi Department of Biochemistry, Nihon University School of Dentis-
try at Matsudo, 2-870-1, Sakaecho-Nishi, Matsudo, Chiba 271, Japan
P. F. Weller Departments of Pathology and Medicine, Beth Israel Hospital and
Harvard Medical School, and Charles A. Dana Research Institute, Beth Israel Hospi
tal, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
James G. White Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, and Pediatrics,
University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
J, Michael Wilkinson Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Hunterian
Institute, Royal College of Surgeons, Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3PN,
England
Preface
Blood Cell Biochemistry was initially conceived as part of the Plenum series Subcellular
Biochemistry, from which it has developed into a separate series. The present volume is
devoted primarily to contributions on megakaryocytes and platelets and, to a lesser extent,
to macrophages and eosinophils. The book does not attempt a rigorous or total coverage of
the particular topics; it represents the areas of current scientific activity and interest that
were selected by the editor at the commencement of this project. In general, the approach
has been similar to that adopted for Volume 1 of the series (Erythroid Cells); the same
approach will be followed subsequently in Volume 3 (Lymphocytes and Granulocytes).
This book opens with a developmentally oriented chapter by Janine Breton-Gorius on
megakaryocyte maturation and platelet release in normal conditions, which serves to set
the scene ultrastructurally for much of the data that follow. The biosynthesis and process
ing of platelet glycoproteins in megakaryocytes is dealt with by Alain Duperray and his
colleagues, and thereby provides an in-depth biochemical survey of the megakaryocyte.
The applications and strengths of crossed immunoelectrophoresis for the study of platelet
membrane proteins is then covered by Simon Karpatkin, and a detailed account of the
heredity disorders of platelet function is provided by Francine Rendu and Evelyne Dupuy.
An impressive ultrastructural presentation, by James G. White, on the cytoskeleton of
human blood platelets is appropriately complemented by the chapter by J. Michael
Wilkinson, which describes immunological studies on the platelet cytoskeleton. The two
following chapters, on macrophages, deal with the effect of lipoproteins and platelets on
macrophage cholesterol metabolism (by Michael Aviram) and on macrophage membrane
and macrophage structure and function (by Yasuko Shibata and his colleagues). The final
chapter (by Ann M. Dvorak and her colleagues) is a detailed ultrastructural presentation
on the morphology and function of human eosinophils.
The combination of biochemical and ultrastructural data included within this book,
as in the first volume of the series, indicates the strength of this methodological combina
tion as a means for providing an overall view to assist our understanding of blood cell
structure and function. Although it must be acknowledged that some relevant topics are
not included (due either to their absence in the initial list or to authors backing out during
production), it is expected that future volumes of the series will rectify such omissions. It
vii
viii Preface
is hoped that this volume will be of use to hematologists, biochemists, and cell biologists
whose areas of research fall within the sphere of the topics covered and, in a broader
context, to all those interested in blood cells.
J. R. Harris
Brentwood, Essex, England
Contents
Chapter 1
Megakaryocyte Maturation and Platelet Release
in Normal and Pathologic Conditions
Janine Breton-Gorius
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I
2. Normal Differentiation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2.1. Recognition of Megakaryocyte Progenitors and Precursors . . . . . . . . . 2
2.2. Maturational Stages and Ploidy Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
2.3. In Vitro Megakaryocyte Development . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
2.4. Ultrastructural Aspect of Bone Marrow
Megakaryocyte Maturation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . I 0
2. 5. Platelet Release . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3. Pathological Megakaryocytopoiesis . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.1. Hereditary Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2. Acquired Malignant Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.3. Megakaryoblastic Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
4. References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 23
Chapter 2
Biosynthesis and Processing of Platelet Glycoproteins in Megakaryocytes
Alain Duperray, Rolande Berthier, and Gerard Marguerie
1. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
2. Cellular Systems Used in the Study of Megakaryocyte Biochemistry . . . . . . 38
2.1. Purification of Megakaryocytes from Human
and Murine Bone Marrow . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
2.2. Purification of Megakaryocytes Obtained in Culture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
2.3. Murine and Human Megakaryocytic Cell Lines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
3. Glycoproteins of the Platelet Membrane . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
ix
