Mediterranean Labor Markets in the First Age of Globalization: An Economic History of Real Wages and Market Integration

208 Pages·2015·1.738 MB·English

by  Paul Caruana Galizia (auth.)

MEDITERRANEAN LABOR MARKETS IN THE
FIRST AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
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MEDITERRANEAN LABOR
MARKETS IN THE FIRST
AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
AN ECONOMIC HISTORY OF
REAL WAGES AND MARKET
INTEGRATION
Paul Caruana Galizia
MEDITERRANEAN LABOR MARKETS IN THE FIRST AGE OF GLOBALIZATION
Copyright © Paul Caruana Galizia, 2015.
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2015 978-1-137-40108-3
All rights reserved.
First published in 2015 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN®
in the United States—a division of St. Martin’s Press LLC,
175 Fifth Avenue, New York, NY 10010.
Where this book is distributed in the UK, Europe and the rest of the world,
this is by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of Macmillan Publishers Limited,
registered in England, company number 785998, of Houndmills,
Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS.
Palgrave Macmillan is the global academic imprint of the above companies
and has companies and representatives throughout the world.
Palgrave® and Macmillan® are registered trademarks in the United States,
the United Kingdom, Europe and other countries.
ISBN 978-1-349-48630-4 ISBN 978-1-137-40084-0 (eBook)
DOI 10.1057/9781137400840
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Caruana Galizia, Paul, 1988–
Mediterranean labor markets in the first age of globalization : an
economic history of real wages and market integration / Paul Caruana
Galizia.
pages cm
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Labor market—Mediterranean Region. 2. Migrant workers—
Mediterranean Region. 3. Mediterranean Region—Emigration and
immigration. 4. Wages—Mediterranean Region. I. Title.
HD5811.84.A6C37 2015
331.1209182(cid:25)2—dc23 2014036237
A catalogue record of the book is available from the British Library.

Design by Newgen Knowledge Works (P) Ltd., Chennai, India.
First edition: March 2015
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CONTENTS
List of Tables ix
List of Figures xi
Acknowledgments xiii
1. Introduction 1
2. Theoretical and Empirical Foundations 5
3. Historical Context 11
4. Explaining Mediterranean Emigration 31
5. The Globalization of Trade and Labor Markets 67
6. Emigration and Wage Inequality 85
7. Global Migration and Wage Convergence 111
8. Conclusion 131
Appendix: Data Sources 137
Notes 145
References 175
Index 191
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TABLES
2.1 Mediterranean unskilled laborer real wages as
percentage of Mediterranean average 8
4.1 Gross emigration rates from the Mediterranean,
1830–1913 41
4.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of emigration rates,
1837–1915 55
4.3 Quadratic trends in emigration, 1837–1915 61
5.1 Average economy-wide ad valorem tariff rates in
the Mediterranean 71
5.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of unskilled real wage
gaps and tariffs, 1836–1913 80
6.1 OLS estimation of emigration rates, 1857–1913 100
6.2 OLS fixed effects estimation of wage growth differentials
and emigration, 1857–1913 108
7.1 Time series tests of Mediterranean-Atlantic economy
real wage integration 122
7.2 People born in “British Colonies and India” residing in
Britain 123
7.3 Real wage gaps versus journey costs 128