Medieval Rural Settlement in Marginal Landscapes. Peuplement rural dans les territoires marginaux au Moyen Âge. Mittelalterliche Siedlung in ländlichen Randgebieten

458 Pages·2009·28.168 MB·English, French, German

by  Jan Klápště, Petr Sommer (eds.)

Marti, The early medieval potteries from Basle’s hinterland (Switzerland) 123–4567890
Medieval Rural Settlement
in Marginal Landscapes
Peuplement rural dans les territoires marginaux
au Moyen Âge
Mittelalterliche Siedlung in ländlichen Randgebieten
Ruralia VII
8th – 14th September 2007
Cardiff
Wales, U.K.
BREPOLS
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Marti, The early medieval potteries from Basle’s hinterland (Switzerland) 123–4567890
Ruralia series of peer review papers
Editors
Jan Klápště – Petr Sommer
www.ruralia.cz
© 2009, Brepols Publishers n.v., Turnhout, Belgium
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted,
in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior
permission of the publisher.
D/2009/0095/150
ISBN 978-2-503-52746-9
Printed in the E.U. on acid-free paper
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RURALIA
The Jean-Marie Pesez conferences on medieval rural archaeology
President
Haio Zimmermann, Lower Saxony Institute for Historical Coastal Research, Viktoriastrasse 26/28,
D-26382 Wilhelmshaven, [email protected]
Honorary President
Alan Aberg, 5 Clos y Gof , St. Fagans, UK-Cardiff CF5 4QQ, Tel/Fax: [phone]
Vice-presidents
German-speaking countries and the Netherlands
Heiko Steuer, Institut für Ur- und Frühgeschichte und Archäologie des Mittelalters
Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Belfortstrasse 22, D-79085 Freiburg, [email protected]
Scandinavia
Eva Svensson, Department of Health and Environmental Sciences, Karlstad University
S-651 88 Karlstad, [email protected]
Central and Eastern Europe
Jan Klápště, Institute of Prehistory and Early History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague,
náměstí Jana Palacha 2, CZ-116 38 Praha 1, [email protected]
Romanic speaking Europe, Belgium, Luxembourg
Jean-Michel Poisson, Centre Interuniversitaire d’Histoire et d’Archéologie Médiévales, 18 quai Claude-Bernard,
F-69365 Lyon cedex 07, [email protected]
Secretary
Miklós Takács, Archaeological Institute of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Úri utca 49,
H-1250 Budapest, [email protected], Tel.: [phone]/117, Fax.: [phone]
The National representatives
Austria – Sabine Felgenhauer, Institut for Prehistory and Medieval Archaeology, University of Vienna,
Franz-Klein-Gasse 1, A-1190 Vienna, [email protected]
– Claudia Theune, Institut for Prehistory and Medieval Archaeology, University of Vienna, Franz-Klein-Gasse 1,
A-1190 Vienna, [email protected]
Belgium – Philippe Mignot, Direction de l’Archéologie, Service Public de Wallonie
Rue des Brigades d’Irlande 1, B-5100 Namur, [email protected]
Czech Republic – Tomáš Klír, Institute of Prehistory and Early History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague,
náměstí Jana Palacha 2, CZ-116 38 Praha 1, [email protected]
Denmark – Mette Svart Kristiansen, Afdeling f. middelalderarkæologi, University of Aarhus, Moesgard Allé 20,
DK-8270 Højberg, [email protected]
Eastern-Mediterranean and Latin East – Reem Alshqour, Dept. of Archaeology and Ancient History of Europe,
Ghent University, Blandijnberg 2, B 9000-Gent, [email protected]
Finland – Jouni Taivainen, Metsähallitus, Visamäentie 35 A, FIN-13100 Hämeenlinna, jouni.taivainen@metsa.fi
France – Jean-Michel Poisson
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Germany – Heiko Steuer and Haio Zimmermann
Grand-Duchy of Luxembourg – Christiane Bis-Worch, Musée National d’Histoire et d’Art, Marché-aux-Poissons,
L-2345 Luxembourg, [email protected]
Great Britain – Mark Gardiner, Archaeology and Palaeoecology, School of Geography, Archaeology and Palaeoecology
(GAP), Queen’s University Belfast, BT7 1NN, Northern Ireland, UK-Belfast, [email protected]
Hungary – András Pálóczi-Horváth, Magyar Mezógazdasági Múzeum, Városliget, Pf 129, H-1367 Budapest XIV,
[email protected]
– Miklós Takács
Ireland – Niall Brady, The Discovery Programme, 63 Merrion Square, IRL-Dublin 2, [email protected]
Norway – Ingvild Øye, Department of Archaeology, History, Cultural Studies, and Religions, University of Bergen,
Joachim Frieles gate 1, N-5020 Bergen, [email protected]
Russia – Irina Zaytseva, Institute of Archaeology, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. D. Ulianova 19,
RAS-117036 Moscow, [email protected]
Slovakia – Matej Ruttkay, Institute of Archaeology, Slovak Academy of Science, Akademická 2, SK-94921 Nitra,
[email protected]
South-Eastern Europe – Miklós Takács
Spain – Jorge A. Eiroa Rodríguez, Departamento de Prehistoria, Arqueología, Historia Antigua, Historia Medieval
y Ciencias y Técnicas Historiográfi cas, Universidad de Murcia, Facultad de Letras. Campus de La Merced, C/ Santo
Cristo, 1, E-30001 Murcia, [email protected]
Sweden – Eva Svensson
Switzerland – Michael Schmaedecke, Archäologie Baselland, Amtshausgasse 7, CH-4410 Liestal,
[email protected]
The Netherlands – Jan van Doesburg, Rijksdienst voor Archeologie, Cultuurlandschap en Monumenten,
Smallepad 5, NL-3811 MG Amersfoort, [email protected]
Western-Mediterranean (Italy, Portugal, Maghreb), André Bazzana, Les Croix-Vieilles, F-01380 Saint-Cyr sur Menthon,
[email protected]
Gerusia – Council of elders
Terry Barry, Department of Medieval History, Trinity College, IRL-Dublin 2, [email protected]
Jørgen Lund, Institute of Prehistory and Early History, University of Aarhus, Moesgard Allé 20, DK-8270 Højberg,
[email protected]
Nikolaj Makarov, Bolshoj Kislovski 5, 28, R-103 009 Moscow, [email protected]
André Matthys, Inspecteur général honoraire du Patrimoine du Ministère de la Région wallonne,
Avenue de la Réforme 68/2, 11080 Bruxelles
Zdeněk Smetánka, Institute of Prehistory and Early History, Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague,
náměstí Jana Palacha 2, CZ-116 38 Praha 1, [email protected]
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Ruralia-redaction
Jan Klápště
Technical redaction
Martin Pokorný, REKOSA, Matúškova 804, CZ 140 00 Praha 4, [email protected]
and Matěj Kuruc, Kladenská 89, CZ 273 53 Hostouň u Prahy
Homepage (www. ruralia.cz)
Tomáš Klír
Contact with the Editor Brepols
Jan van Doesburg
The redaction of this volume was supported by:
Centre for Medieval Studies at the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic and the Charles University in Prague,
and
Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague,
(projects LC521 and 21620827 MŠMT ČR)
Ruralia 7 volume was prepared with the kind help of Katrin Aberg, Mark Gardiner, Philippe Mignot,
Michael Schmaedecke, Haio Zimmermann and others
Cover photograph of Glyn Tarell from Craig Cerrig-gleisiad, near Brecon in Wales by Sonja König.
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Contents – Inhalt – Sommaire
Alan Aberg
Johnny De Meulemeester (2. 10. 1946 – 17. 1. 2009) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1–2
André Matthys
In Memoriam Johnny De Meulemeester . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3–4
Bibliography of Johnny De Meulemeester
Compiled by Reem Alshqour . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5–15
Alan Aberg
Foreword – Avant propos – Vorwort . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17–19
Eva Svensson – Mark Gardiner
Introduction: marginality in the preindustrial European countryside . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21–25
Piers Dixon
Hunting, summer grazing and settlement: competing land use in the uplands of Scotland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27–46
Peter Herring
Early medieval transhumance in Cornwall, Great Britain . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47–56
Stephen Moorhouse
The medieval landscape of the Yorkshire Dales, North Yorkshire: space, processes and procedures . . . . . . . . 57–75
Blaise Vyner
The North York Moors: marginal settlement or marginal evidence? . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77–89
Niall Brady
Coastal and estuarine approaches to landscape studies in medieval Ireland . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 91–98
Ingvild Oye
On the margins of the medieval farm – Norwegian cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 99–107
Ingunn Holm
A landscape on the margins – long-time use and ethnic relations in the border lands of eastern Norway . . . . 109–115
Hanna Karlsson
Long-lasting effects of Viking Age settlements on vegetation in the forest limit ecotone
in the Scandinavian mountains . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117–123
Kristina Lindholm
Travellers’ village at Snarsmon . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 125–131
Eva Svensson
Marginality in our hearts. Consuming the exotics of poverty and hard work . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 133–142
Gudrun Gormsen
Settlement and farming on marginal moorlands of western Jutland, Denmark . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 143–147
Bert J. Groenewoudt
An exhausted landscape. Medieval use of moors, mires and commons in the Eastern Netherlands . . . . . . . . . 149–180
Jan van Doesburg
Fighting against wind and sand. Settlement development in the coastal dunes
and the coversand region of the central Netherlands in the Middle Ages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 181–204
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Philippe Mignot
L’Ardenne à la fi n du Haut Moyen Age ou comment un territoire en marge se retrouve au centre . . . . . . . . . . . 205–217
Vincent Buccio
L’habitat en Oisans et Vercors (Dauphiné, France) au Moyen Age: la montagne est-elle une marge? . . . . . . . . 219–225
Daniel Mouton
Fortifi cations et limites de territoires, un exemple Provençal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 227–233
Christine Rendu et al.
Margins and centres in the shaping of the Pyrenean slopes. Medieval dynamics
within the long-term perspective . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 235–251
Jorge A. Eiroa Rodríguez
Peuplement rural dans un territoire marginal de la frontière entre le royaume chrétien
de Murcie et le royaume nasride de Grenade (Espagne) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 253–261
Armin Torggler
Wüstgefallene Orte in Südtirol (Italien) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263–271
Michael Schmaedecke
Die mittelalterliche Besiedlung marginaler Regionen auf dem Gebiet der heutigen Schweiz
und ihre Erforschung . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 273–289
Reto Marti
Between ager and silva. Phases of the colonisation and the use of land in northern Switzerland
from the second/third to the eighth/ninth century . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 291–307
Daniel Gutscher (in collaboration with Jakob Obrecht)
Traces of medieval herdsmen. Preliminary results of high Alpine surveying in the Oberhasli region,
Canton Berne (Switzerland) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 309–313
Rainer Schreg
Development and abandonment of a cultural landscape – Archaeology and environmental history
of medieval settlements in the northern Black Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 315–333
Manfred Rösch
Botanical evidence for prehistoric and medieval land use in the Black Forest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 335–343
Sonja König
Der Solling als „marginaler Raum“? Verteilung und Struktur ländlicher Siedlungen
in der Mittelgebirgsschwelle am Beispiel des Sollings in Südniedersachsen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 345–357
Claudia Theune
Water and sand – medieval settlement development between the Elbe and the Oder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 359–365
Peter Schöneburg
Ein mittelalterliches Dorf in der marginalen Landschaft der Niederlausitz: Klein Görigk (Brandenburg) . . . . . . 367–377
Hauke Kenzler
The medieval settlement of the Ore Mountains. The development of the settlement structure . . . . . . . . . . . . . 379–392
Csilla Zatykó – Pál Sümegi
Palaeoenvironment and documentary sources: tracing environmental changes
in marginal landscapes in Hungary . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393–401
Edit Sárosi
Development of deserted ‘Puszta’ lands in the Danube-Tisza interfl uve region . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 403–413
Tomáš Klír
Besiedlung und landwirtschaftliche Nutzung von Enklaven marginaler Böden im späten Mittelalter
und der frühen Neuzeit. Das Beispiel des Gebietes der Flugsande in Mittelböhmen . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415–446
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