Medicinal Plants - Recent Advances in Research and Development

504 Pages·2016·11.05 MB·English

by  Dinesh Chandra Agrawal

Hsin-Sheng Tsay
Lie-Fen Shyur
Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
Yang-Chang Wu
Sheng-Yang Wang Editors
Medicinal
Plants - Recent
Advances in
Research and
Development
Medicinal Plants - Recent Advances
in Research and Development
Hsin-Sheng Tsay (cid:129) Lie-Fen Shyur
Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
Yang-Chang Wu (cid:129) Sheng-Yang Wang
Editors
Medicinal Plants - Recent
Advances in Research
and Development
Editors
Hsin-Sheng Tsay Lie-Fen Shyur
Department of Applied Chemistry Agricultural Biotechnology Research
Chaoyang University of Technology Center
Taichung , Taiwan Taipei , Taiwan
Dinesh Chandra Agrawal Yang-Chang Wu
Department of Applied Chemistry School of Pharmacy and Chinese Herbal
Chaoyang University of Technology Medicine Research Center
Taichung , Taiwan China Medical University
Taichung , Taiwan
Sheng-Yang Wang
College of Agriculture and Natural
Resources, Department of Forestry
National Chung Hsing University
Taichung , Taiwan
ISBN 978-981-10-1084-2 ISBN 978-981-10-1085-9 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-981-10-1085-9
Library of Congress Control Number: 2016956887
© Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016
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Singapore
This book is dedicated to commemorate
the 70th birthday of
Professor Dr. Hsin-Sheng Tsay,
who has made an immense contribution to
the research on medicinal plants in Taiwan
and has trained and mentored thousands
of young minds in the techniques
of plant tissue culture and beyond.
Pref ace
T he editors thought of bringing out this book given the importance of medicinal
plants in human health and vigorous ongoing efforts worldwide in the research and
development of medicinal plants. The book contains a plethora of information about
resources and conservation; biosynthesis and metabolic engineering; biotechnologi-
cal tools including bioreactor technology; phytochemical research; herbal medi-
cines and plant-derived agents in cancer prevention and therapy, in metabolic
syndrome management, and in the modulation of immune-related disorders; and
toxicology of medicinal plants. The book consists of 20 chapters, mostly review
articles written by experts in their respective fi elds.
Chapter 1 consists of ten case studies of promising new drug discovery resulting
from the Chinese herbal medicine (CHM)-derived products. In each case study, the
active principles of CHM have been elucidated. Chapter 2 describes the ethnophar-
macological role of S cutellaria laterifl ora and its medicinal applications in detail.
Also, it contains a summary of the mechanism of action attributed to the neuropro-
tection and other pharmacological actions associated with S . laterifl ora. Chapter 3
provides an overview of drug adulteration and evaluation of herbal products with a
special reference to the approaches in adulterant detection and regulatory perspec-
tives to control such malpractices. Also, adulteration in slimming phytotherapeutic
formulations and PDE-5 inhibitors in herbal formulations have been discussed.
Chapter 4 contains an overview of the application and challenges and success of
various candidate markers used in the DNA barcoding of plants. The development
of multilocus and tiered approaches along with the new frontier areas for applica-
tion of DNA barcoding of medicinal plants and its products has been analyzed in
detail. Chapter 5 summarizes the current development in “omics” approaches in the
investigation of selected pharmacologically bioactive compounds from three major
classes of secondary metabolites, terpenoids, alkaloids, and phenolics, which are
being used as drugs in the prevention or therapy of human diseases. Chapter 6
describes the research fi ndings on in vitro plant regeneration, genetic transforma-
tion, and molecular characterization of some of the genes involved in the bacoside
biosynthesis in the memory booster plant B acopa monniera (Brahmi). Chapter 7
pertains to the metabolic engineering of isoprenoid pathway using squalene synthase
vii
viii Preface
as a tool to enhance secondary metabolite contents in W ithania somnifera
(Ashwagandha) or commonly known as Indian ginseng. Chapter 8 reviews the
reports on in vitro methodologies, the use of different elicitors, gene functions,
genetic modifi cations, and expression profi ling for a better understanding of and to
enhance the constituents in S alvia miltiorrhiza. Chapter 9 reviews the work carried
out on in vitro propagation, somatic embryogenesis, and controlling hyperhydricity
(vitrifi cation) in cultures of selected medicinal plant species in Taiwan. Chapter 10
describes the commercial production of paclitaxel, 10-deacetylbaccatin III (10-
DAB), and camptothecin (CPT) by the cultivation of plants by farming and produc-
tion of raw materials and target compounds by cell or hairy root cultures in
bioreactors. Chapter 1 1 provides comprehensive information on the biological
effects and pharmacological importance of lucidone, an active constituent of fruits
and leaves of L indera erythrocarpa . Chapter 1 2 briefl y describes various aspects of
pharmacokinetics, which need to be addressed to generate reliable data on safety
and effi cacy of herbal drugs. Chapter 1 3 reviews the role of green tea in cancer pre-
vention and therapy. Chapter 1 4 presents a review on the traditional Chinese medi-
cine (TCM) oncology theory and its approach toward cancer, therapeutic effects,
and various anticancer compounds obtained from TCM herbal plants with the hope
of providing a better understanding of the role of drugs in the treatment of cancer.
Chapter 1 5 outlines the results of various scientifi c studies on A ngelica species that
were reported to have anticancer and antitumor activities. Chapter 16 illustrates the
clinical utilization of Chinese herbal medicines acting on rheumatoid arthritis (RA),
elucidates their mechanism of action, analyses their limitations and problems, and
discusses their development and application prospects. Chapter 1 7 describes the
status, health sector responses, role of traditional medical practitioners, medicinal
plant use, and its challenges in the management of noncommunicable diseases in
Uganda. Chapter 1 8 explores possible immune molecular targets of disease-
modifying antirheumatic herbal agents and discusses their role in the management
of arthritic conditions. Chapter 1 9 describes the causes and pathophysiology of dia-
betes, its perspective in Ayurveda, and Ayurvedic plants having antidiabetic poten-
tial. Finally, Chapter 2 0 presents a brief overview of the mechanism of hepatotoxicity
and highlights the nexus between herbal medicines and liver injury. Also, it dis-
cusses the potential ways that can assure quality check of herbal medicines through
the imposition of regulatory laws, databases, and resorting to toxicogenomics.
T he editors hope that this compendium of review articles will be very useful as a
reference book for advanced students, researchers, academics, business houses, and
all people concerned with medicinal plants.
Taichung , Taiwan Hsin-Sheng Tsay
Taipei , Taiwan Lie-Fen Shyur
Taichung, Taiwan Dinesh Chandra Agrawal
May 2016 Yang-Chang Wu
Sheng-Yang Wang
Acknowledgements
The editors wish to thank all the contributors to this book who took the time to write
their valuable manuscripts. Without their contributions, this book would not have
been possible.
The editors wish to place on record special thanks to one of the editors of this
book Professor Agrawal for initiating the book, handling the correspondence, and
managing it from the start to fi nish. Without his untiring efforts, this book would not
have seen the light of the day.
The editors sincerely thank Springer for publishing this book and all the Springer
staff members who were ever ready to answer our queries about the book. We would
especially like to place on record our appreciation and thanks to Ms. Aakanksha
Tyagi, who from the day one handled the correspondence very effi ciently and pro-
vided all needed help to make this book a reality.
Peer reviewing is an important component of technical writing. The editors
would like to express their sincere thanks to all the peer reviewers who took time out
from their busy schedules and provided their critical comments on several manu-
scripts. It helped us to maintain a certain standard of the chapters. We would espe-
cially like to thank Professor Dhanasekaran of the Department of Drug Discovery
and Development, Harrison School of Pharmacy, Auburn University, Auburn, USA;
Dr. Neha Patel, Division of Plant Sciences, Research School of Biology, College of
Medicine, Biology and Environment, the Australian National University, Canberra
ACT 0200, Australia; Dr. Sushim Gupta, Bacterial Epidemiology and Antimicrobial
Resistance Research Unit, USDA, ARS, Athens, GA, USA; Dr. Rishi Kishore
Vishwakarma, Le CBS-Centre de Biochimie Structurale-CNRS, UMR
5048-UM-INSERM U 105429 rue de Navacelles 34090, Montpellier, France; Dr.
Manish Nivsarkar, Director, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, BV
Patel Pharmaceutical Education and Research Development (PERD) Centre,
Ahmedabad, India; and Dr. Pathirage Kamal Perera, Institute of Indigenous
Medicine, University of Colombo, Rajagiriya, Sri Lanka, for their help in peer
reviewing some of the manuscripts.
ix
x Acknowledgements
O ne of the editors, Professor Agrawal, wishes to thank his spouse Mrs. Manju
Agrawal for being a great support throughout the book and never complained about
his working at home at late hours and weekends. Also, he wishes to thank his daugh-
ters Ms. Somya and Ms. Neha for their help in proofreading some of the
manuscripts.
Contents
1 Chinese Herbal Medicine-Derived Products for Prevention
or Treatment of Diseases Affecting Quality of Life .............................. 1
Kuo-Hsiung Lee , Susan L. Morris-Natschke , Yu Zhao ,
and Katie Musgrove
2 Ethnopharmacological Importance of Western
Medicinal Herb, S cutellaria lateriflora .................................................. 37
Madhukar Lohani , Mansi Patel , Mohammed Majrashi ,
Sneha Joshi , Barbara Kemppainen , Vanisree Mulabagal ,
and Muralikrishnan Dhanasekaran
3 Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (LC–MS):
Approaches to Adulterant Detection in Herbal Products ................... 73
N. Satheeshkumar , David Paul , and A. Lingesh
4 DNA Barcoding of Medicinal Plants ..................................................... 97
Swati Srivastava , Sanchita , Mili Bhargava ,
and Ashok Sharma
5 Deciphering the Biosynthetic Pathways of Bioactive
Compounds In Planta Using Omics Approaches ................................. 129
Hsiao-Hang Chung , Yi-Chang Sung , and Lie-Fen Shyur
6 Memory Booster Plant B acopa monniera (Brahmi):
Biotechnology and Molecular Aspects of Bacoside
Biosynthesis ............................................................................................. 167
Rishi K. Vishwakarma , Uma Kumari , and Bashir M. Khan
7 Metabolic Engineering: Achieving New Insights
to Ameliorate Metabolic Profiles in W ithania somnifera ..................... 191
Neha Patel , Parth Patel , and Bashir M. Khan
xi