Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X

477 Pages·1998·11.01 MB·English

by  Y. Shoyama

Biotechnology in Agriculture and Forestry
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg GmbH
Volumes already published
Volume 1: Trees I (1986)
Volume 2: Crops I (1986)
Volume 3: Potato (1987)
Volume 4: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants I (1988)
Volume 5: Trees II (1989)
Volume 6: Crops II (1988)
Volume 7: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants II (1989)
Volume 8: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering I (1989)
Volume 9: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering II (1989)
Volume 10: Legumes and Oilseed Crops I (1990)
Volume 11: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 12: Haploids in Crop Improvement I (1990)
Volume 13: Wheat (1990)
Volume 14: Rice (1991)
Volume 15: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants III (1991)
Volume 16: Trees III (1991)
Volume 17: High-Tech and Micropropagation I (1991)
Volume 18: High-Tech and Micropropagation II (1992)
Volume 19: High-Tech and Micropropagation III (1992)
Volume 20: High-Tech and Micropropagation IV (1992)
Volume 21: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IV (1993)
Volume 22: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering III (1993)
Volume 23: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering IV (1993)
Volume 24: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants V (1993)
Volume 25: Maize (1994)
Volume 26: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VI (1994)
Volume 27: Somatic Hybridization in Crop Improvement I (1994)
Volume 28: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VII (1994)
Volume 29: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering V (1994)
Volume 30: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed I (1995)
Volume 31: Somatic Embryogenesis and Synthetic Seed II (1995)
Volume 32: Cryopreservation of Plant Germplasm I (1995)
Volume 33: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants VIII (1995)
Volume 34: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VI (1995)
Volume 35: Trees IV (1996)
Volume 36: Somaclonal Variation in Crop Improvement II (1996)
Volume 37: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants IX (1996)
Volume 38: Plant Protoplasts and Genetic Engineering VII (1996)
Volume 39: High-Tech and Micropropagation V (1997)
Volume 40: High-Tech and Micropropagation VI (1997)
Volume 41: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X (1998)
Volumes in preparation
Volume 42: Cotton
Volume 43: Medicinal and Aromatic Plants XI
Biotechnology in
Agriculture and Forestry 41
Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X
Edited by Y.P.S. Bajaj
With 228 Figures and 92 Tables
Springer
Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJ
A-137
New Friends Colony
New Delhi 110065, India
ISSN 0934-943X
ISBN 978-3-642-63748-3
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data. Medicinal and aromatic plants. (Biotechnology
in agriculture and forestry; 4-). Includes bibliographies and index. 1. Medicinal plants -
Biotecnology. 2. Aromatic plants - Biotechnology. 3. Plant cell culture. 4. Materia medica,
Vegetable. I. Bajaj, Y.P.S., 1936- . II. Series. TP248.27.P55M43 1988 660'.62 88-3059.
ISBN 978-3-642-63748-3 ISBN 978-3-642-58833-4 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-3-642-58833-4
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under the German Copyright Law.
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 1998
Originally published by Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg New York 1998
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1998
The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even
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Dedicated to
Dhanmeet and Paramjit Soin
Preface
This series of books on Biotechnology of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants
provides a survey of the literature focusing on recent information and the
state of the art in tissue culture and the in vitro production of secondary
metabolites. This book, Medicinal and Aromatic Plants X, like the previous
nine volumes published in 1988, 1989, 1991, 1993, 1994, 1995, and 1996, is
unique in its approach. It comprises 22 chapters dealing with the distribution,
importance, conventional propagation, micropropagation, tissue culture
studies, and the in vitro production of important medicinal and other
pharmaceutical compounds in various species of Actinidia, Alkanna, Amebia,
Campanula, Catharanthus, Centella, Chenopodium, Comus, Cynara, Ephedra,
Euglena, Haplophyllum, Morus, Oenothera, Otacanthus, Oxalis, Polypodium,
Rosmarinus, Sesamum, Solanum, Taxus, and Tephrosia. This book is tailored
to the needs of advanced students, teachers, and research scientists in the field
of pharmacy, plant tissue culture, phytochemistry, biochemical engineering,
and plant biotechnology in general.
New Delhi, September 1997 Professor Dr. Y.P.S. BAJAJ
Series Editor
Contents
I Actinidia polygama (Japanese name Matatabi): In Vitro Culture,
Micropropagation, and the Production of Monoterpenes and
Triterpenoids
Y. SHOYAMA, S. CHEN, H. TANAKA, Y. SASAKI, and Y. SASHIDA
(With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 1
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 5
3 Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
II Alkanna tinctoria T. (Alkanets): In Vitro Culture and the
Production of Alkannin and Other Secondary Metabolites
C. GERARDI, G. MITA, E. GRILLO, G. GIOVINAZZO, A. MICELI,
and P. DE LEO (With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction................................................ 14
2 In Vitro Approaches ........................................ 17
3 Conclusion .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
III Arnebia euchroma: In Vitro Culture and the Production of
Shikonin and Other Secondary Metabolites
O.V. ZAKHLENJUK and V.A. KUNAKH (With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 28
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 30
3 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 42
4 Protocol ................................................... 42
References ............. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
IV Campanula (Bellflower) Species: In Vitro Culture,
Micropropagation, and the Production of Anthocyanins,
Polyacetylenes, and Other Secondary Metabolites
K. BRANDT and K. ISHIMARU (With 16 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 45
2 In Vitro Approaches ........................................ 49
3 Conclusion and Prospects .................................... 62
x Contents
4 Protocol 63
References .................................................. . 64
V Catharanthus roseus (Periwinkle): In Vitro Culture,
and High-Level Production of Arbutin by Biotransformation
M. YOKOYAMA and S. INOMATA (With 9 Figures)
1 Introduction................................................ 67
2 Arbutin Production by Biotransformation Using C. roseus
Cell Culture .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
3 Summary .................................................. 76
4 Prospects .................................................. 77
5 Protocol ................................................... 77
References ................................................... 79
VI Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. (Pennywort): Cell Culture,
Production of Terpeno'ids, and Biotransformation Capacity
J.M. SOLET, A. SIMON-RAMIASA, L. COSSON, and J.L. GUIGNARD
(With 11 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 81
2 In Vitro Approaches ........................................ 85
3 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 93
References .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 93
VII Chenopodium album L. (Fat Hen): In Vitro Cell Culture,
and Production of Secondary Metabolites (Phytosterols and
Ecdysteroids)
M.-F. CORIO-COSTET, L. CHAPUIS, and J.-P. DELBEcQuE
(With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction................................................ 97
2 In Vitro Production of Sterols and Steroids .................... 99
3 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 107
4 Protocols .................................................. 110
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 110
VIII Comus kousa (Dogwood): In Vitro Culture, and the
Production of Tannins and Other Phenolic Compounds
(With 14 Figures)
K. ISHIMARu, N. TANAKA, T. KAMIYA, T. SATO, and K. SHIMOMURA
(With 14 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 113
2 Tannin Constituents in Comus Plants. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 114
3 In Vitro Approaches ........................................ 115
4 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 128
5 Protocol ................................................... 128
References .................................................. 129
Contents XI
IX Cynara cardunculus subsp. flavescens (Cardoon): In Vitro Culture,
and the Production of Cyprosins - Milk Clotting Enzymes
M.e. CORDEIRO, M.S. PAIS, and P.E. BRODELIUS (With 10 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 132
2 In Vitro Culture Studies. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
3 Isolation of the Milk-Clotting Enzymes ........................ 138
4 Characterization of the Enzymes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 138
5 Primary Structure of Cyprosin ................................ 142
6 Modeling the Structure of Cyprosin ........................... 145
7 Tissue-Specific Accumulation of Cyprosin .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 146
8 Localization of Cyprosins in the Flower Tissues ....... . . . . . . . . . . 148
9 Possible Physiological Functions of Cyprosins . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 150
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 151
X Ephedra Species: In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation and the
Production of Ephedrine and Other Alkaloids
N.A O'DOWD, P.G. MCCAULEY, G. WILSON, l.AN. PARNELL,
T.A.K. KAVANAGH, and D.l. MCCONNELL (With 15 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 154
2 Distribution of the Ephedrines . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157
3 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 167
4 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 187
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 189
XI Euglena gracilis Z: Biotransformation of Terpenoids and
Related Compounds
Y.NOMA and Y. ASAKAWA (With 22 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 194
2 Cultivation........ . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195
3 Biotransformation of Terpenoids and Related Compounds ....... 195
4 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 233
References ..... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 236
XII Haplophyllum patavinum (L.) G. Don fil. (Paduan rue): In Vitro
Regeneration, and the Production of Coumarin Compounds
E.M. CAPPELLETTI, G. INNOCENTI, R. CANIATO, R. FILIPPINI,
and A PIOVAN (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction ............................................... 238
2 In Vitro Approaches. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 241
3 Conclusion ................................................ 257
References .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257
XII Contents
XIII Marus Species (Mulberry): In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation,
and the Formation of Mulberrofuran, Kuwanol, and Other
Secondary Metabolites
Y.P.S. BAJAJ, J. IVANH~KA, and S. UEDA (With 14 Figures)
1 General Account. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 261
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 264
3 Micropropagation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 265
4 In Vitro Production of Secondary Metabolites in Marus alba ..... 271
5 Extraction and Structure of Intermolecular Diels-Alder-Type
Adducts of Prenylchalcone and Prenylated 2-Arylbenzofuran ..... 279
6 Summary and Conclusion .................................... 281
7 Protocol for Micropropagation ............................... 281
References .................................................. 282
XIV Oenathera Species (Evening Primrose): In Vitro Regeneration,
Production of Flavonoids, Fatty Acids, and Other Secondary
Metabolites
L. SKRZYPCZAK, B. THIEM, and M. WESrn.OWSKA
(With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 286
2 Compounds in Oenathera Species ............................. 288
3 In Vitro Approaches ........................................ 293
4 Conclusion .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 299
5 Protocol ................................................... 300
References . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 300
XV Otacanthus Species: In Vitro Culture, Plant Propagation,
and the Production of Essential Oil
A.c. RONSE, H. DE POOTER, A. VAN DE VYVER
and M.P. DE PROFT (With 7 Figures)
1 Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 305
2 Volatile Constituents of the Intact Plant ....................... 307
3 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 308
4 Conclusion and Prospects .................................... 318
References. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 319
XVI Oxalis Species: In Vitro Culture, Micropropagation, and the
Formation of Anthocyanins
J. VAN STADEN (With 5 Figures)
1 Introduction................................................ 320
2 In Vitro Culture Studies ..................................... 322
3 Anthocyanin Production ..................................... 329
4 Protocol ................................................... 330
References ... . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 332