Medical Tests Sourcebook

670 Pages·2011·3.289 MB·English

by  Joyce Brenfleck Shannon

Health Reference Series
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Fourth Edition
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Screenings, Home-Use Tests, Blood, Stool, and Urine
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Sleep Problems, and Other Specific Conditions, a Glossary of
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Edited by
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Bibliographic Note
Because this page cannot legibly accommodate all the copyright notices, the Bibliographic
Note portion of the Preface constitutes an extension of the copyright notice.
Edited by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon
Health Reference Series
Karen Bellenir, Managing Editor
David A. Cooke, MD, FACP, Medical Consultant
Elizabeth Collins, Research and Permissions Coordinator
Cherry Edwards, Permissions Assistant
EdIndex, Services for Publishers, Indexers
* * *
Omnigraphics, Inc.
Matthew P. Barbour, Senior Vice President
Kevin M. Hayes, Operations Manager
* * *
Peter E. Ruffner, Publisher
Copyright © 2011 Omnigraphics, Inc.
ISBN 978-0-7808-1151-5
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Medical tests sourcebook : basic consumer health information about preventive
care guidelines, routine health screenings, home-use tests, blood, stool, and urine
tests, genetic testing, biopsies, endoscopic exams, and imaging tests, such as x-ray,
ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), and nuclear and magnetic resonance imaging
(MRI) exams; along with facts about diagnostic tests for allergies, cancer, diabetes,
heart and lung disease, infertility, osteoporosis, sleep problems, and other specific
conditions, a glossary of related terms, and directories of additional resources / edited
by Joyce Brennfleck Shannon. -- 4th ed.
p. cm. -- (Health reference series)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
Summary: "Provides basic consumer health information about laboratory, imaging,
and other types of medical testing for disease screening, diagnosis, and monitoring,
along with information and guidelines for preventive care testing in children and adults.
Includes index, glossary of related terms, and other resources"-- Provided by publisher.
ISBN 978-0-7808-1151-5 (hardcover : alk. paper) 1. Diagnosis--Popular works.
2. Diagnosis, Laboratory--Popular works. 3. Medicine, Popular. I. Shannon, Joyce
Brennfleck.
RC71.3.M45 2011
616.07'5--dc23
2011026847
Electronic or mechanical reproduction, including photography, recording, or any other infor-
mation storage and retrieval system for the purpose of resale is strictly prohibited without
permission in writing from the publisher.
The information in this publication was compiled from the sources cited and from other sources
considered reliable. While every possible effort has been made to ensure reliability, the pub-
lisher will not assume liability for damages caused by inaccuracies in the data, and makes no
warranty, express or implied, on the accuracy of the information contained herein.
This book is printed on acid-free paper meeting the ANSI Z39.48 Standard. The infinity
symbol that appears above indicates that the paper in this book meets that standard.
Printed in the United States
Table of Contents
Visit www.healthreferenceseries.com to view A Contents Guide to the
Health Reference Series, a listing of more than 16,000 topics and the
volumes in which they are covered.
Preface ............................................................................................xv
Part I: Screening and Preventive Care Tests
Chapter 1—Regular Health Exams Are Important ......................3
Chapter 2—Questions about Medical Tests...................................7
Chapter 3—Newborn Screening Tests ..........................................9
Chapter 4—Preventive Care for Children
and Adolescents ........................................................33
Section 4.1—Recommended Screening
Tests for Children and
Adolescents .....................................34
Section 4.2—Body Mass Index Screening
for Weight Problems .......................39
Chapter 5—Preventive Care and Screening Test
Guidelines for Adults ................................................43
Section 5.1—Men’s Health Screening
Recommendations ...........................44
Section 5.2—Women’s Health Screening
Recommendations ...........................50
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Chapter 6—Common Screenings in Your Doctor’s Office ..........53
Section 6.1—Assessing Weight and
Health Risk .................................54
Section 6.2—High Blood Pressure
Screening ....................................56
Section 6.3—Cholesterol Screening
for Adults and Children .............59
Chapter 7—Genetic Testing .......................................................63
Section 7.1—Frequently Asked Questions
about Genetic Testing ................64
Section 7.2—Genetic Consultation ..................67
Section 7.3—Genetic Testing for Breast
Cancer Risk ................................69
Chapter 8—Required Medical Screening of Immigrants
to the United States................................................73
Part II: Laboratory Tests
Chapter 9—Understanding Laboratory Tests ...........................79
Section 9.1—Introduction to Lab Tests ...........80
Section 9.2—Identifying Quality Laboratory
Services .......................................81
Section 9.3—Deciphering Your Lab Report ....83
Chapter 10—Point-of-Care Rapid Diagnostic Tests ....................89
Chapter 11—Common Blood Tests...............................................93
Chapter 12—Biopsies ...................................................................99
Section 12.1—Types of Biopsy Procedures .....100
Section 12.2—Breast Biopsy............................101
Section 12.3—Kidney Biopsy ...........................104
Section 12.4—Liver Biopsy ..............................107
Section 12.5—Lung Needle Biopsy .................111
Section 12.6—Muscle Biopsy ...........................114
Section 12.7—Sentinel Lymph Node
Biopsy........................................117
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Section 12.8—Skin Lesion Biopsy ...................119
Section 12.9—Thyroid Fine Needle
Aspiration .................................121
Chapter 13—Bone Marrow Tests ...............................................123
Chapter 14—Lumbar Puncture (Spinal Tap) ............................127
Chapter 15—Stool Tests .............................................................131
Section 15.1—Stool Culture ............................132
Section 15.2—Colorectal Cancer Stool
Tests ..........................................136
Section 15.3—Detecting Parasite Antigens ....138
Chapter 16—Throat Culture ......................................................141
Chapter 17—Toxicology Screen ..................................................145
Chapter 18—Urine Tests ............................................................149
Part III: Imaging Tests
Chapter 19—Risks of Medical Imaging .....................................153
Section 19.1—Increasing Use of
Radiation-Emitting
Procedures ................................154
Section 19.2—Doses from Medical
Radiation Sources ...................158
Section 19.3—Radiation Exposure and
Pregnancy .................................161
Section 19.4—Radiology and Children ...........165
Section 19.5—Reducing Radiation from
Medical X-Rays .........................166
Chapter 20—Radiography ..........................................................169
Section 20.1—Medical X-Rays .........................170
Section 20.2—Chest X-Ray ..............................171
Section 20.3—Dental X-Rays...........................174
Section 20.4—Dual-Energy X-Ray
Absorptiometry (DXA) Test
for Bone Density .......................177
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Chapter 21—Contrast Radiography ..........................................181
Section 21.1—Angiography .............................182
Section 21.2—Cystogram .................................185
Section 21.3—Upper Gastrointestinal (GI)
Series ........................................187
Section 21.4—Lower GI Series
(Barium Enema) .......................190
Section 21.5—Lung Ventilation/Perfusion
Scan ...........................................194
Section 21.6—Myelography .............................197
Section 21.7—Intravenous Pyelogram ............199
Chapter 22—Ultrasound (Sonography) Exams .........................201
Section 22.1—Ultrasound Overview ...............202
Section 22.2—Abdominal Ultrasound .............204
Section 22.3—Carotid Ultrasound ..................207
Section 22.4—Circulation (Vascular)
Ultrasound ...............................209
Section 22.5—Echocardiography (Heart) .......212
Section 22.6—Pelvic Ultrasound .....................215
Section 22.7—Transesophageal
Echocardiography .....................217
Section 22.8—Transvaginal Ultrasound .........220
Chapter 23—Computed Tomography (CT) ................................223
Section 23.1—Introduction to CT ...................224
Section 23.2—Chest CT Scan ..........................225
Section 23.3—Coronary Calcium Scan ...........229
Section 23.4—Virtual Colonoscopy .................231
Section 23.5—Full Body CT Scans:
What You Need to Know ..........234
Chapter 24—Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) ...................237
Section 24.1—Introduction to MRI .................238
Section 24.2—MRI of the Brain ......................240
Section 24.3—Cardiac MRI .............................244
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Section 24.4—Chest MRI .................................247
Section 24.5—MRI of the Spine ......................250
Chapter 25—Nuclear Imaging ..................................................255
Section 25.1—Imaging Molecular Change......256
Section 25.2—Molecular Imaging and
Alzheimer Disease ....................261
Section 25.3—Nuclear Heart Scan ..................266
Section 25.4—Nuclear Breast Imaging
(Scintimammography) .............271
Section 25.5—Positron Emission
Tomography (PET) Imaging ....273
Chapter 26—Digital Infrared Thermal Imaging .......................277
Section 26.1—Overview of Medical
Digital Infrared Thermal
Imaging .....................................278
Section 26.2—Breast Thermography ..............281
Chapter 27—Mammograms .......................................................285
Chapter 28—Neurological Imaging ...........................................291
Chapter 29—Researching New Imaging Techniques ................295
Section 29.1—Super-Cool Imaging
Technique ..................................296
Section 29.2—Blood Vessel Shape
Reveals Disease ........................298
Section 29.3—Optical Coherence
Tomography ..............................300
Section 29.4—Magnetic Resonance
Elastography ............................302
Part IV: Catheterization, Endoscopic, and Electrical
Tests and Assessments
Chapter 30—Cardiac Catheterization .......................................307
Chapter 31—Endoscopy ..............................................................311
Section 31.1—Ten Questions to Ask Your
Endoscopist ...............................312
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