Medical Terminology for Dummies®

370 Pages·2008·5.095 MB·English

by  Beverley Henderson, Jennifer Dorsey(auth.)

Medical
Terminology
FOR
DUMmIES
‰
by Beverley Henderson, CMT and Jennifer Dorsey
Medical Terminology For Dummies®
Published by
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About the Authors
Beverley Henderson, CMT has enjoyed a lifelong career in the medical fi eld. 
Working in Ontario hospitals for 45 years, she also has more than 40 years’ expe-
rience in medical terminology and transcription. She has managed the medical
transcription unit of a large acute-care hospital and has taught medical termi-
nology to adult learners at the university level. Beverley is a Certifi ed Medical
Transcriptionist with the American Association for Medical Transcription. She
was Director of Health Sciences Faculty and MT Course Coordinator at an online
medical terminology and transcription school, where she developed course cur-
ricula and helped write and produce a series of medical terminology teaching
videos. Now an empty-nester, she lives in Hamilton with her husband of 35 years.
Jennifer Dorsey has been a writer and editor for 11 years. She has worked
for publishers both large and small, mainly focusing her efforts on develop-
ment editing and acquisitions. In 2005 she turned her focus to writing and
has worked on several projects, including revisions of four popular how-to
titles from Entrepreneur Press, most notably How to Start Your Own Medical
Claims Billing Business. She has also written magazine articles for Indiana
Business Magazine, Indianapolis Monthly, and California Homes. In 1997 she
received her B.A. in journalism from Saint Mary-of-the-Woods College, the
oldest Catholic liberal arts college for women in the United States. She is cur-
rently pursuing her M.A. in English and is a member of the adjunct faculty at
Saint Louis University. She lives in Illinois with her husband and son.
Dedication
Beverley Henderson: This book is dedicated to my friends and family. To the co-work-
ers who have become my friends, gathered over a 40-year span while working at the
Henderson Hospital, Joseph Brant Memorial Hospital, and recently St. Joseph’s Hospital
and Hamilton Health Sciences. Special thanks to close friends Pat Harmer and Isabelle
Holland for their ongoing support, entertaining lunches, and hilarious stories.
To my parents, Mary and Bill Hunter, I’m only sorry they are not here to read this book.
To my father, who taught me to challenge my brain on a daily basis. To my mother,
whose high expectations of me kept my feet fi rmly on the ground. To my daughter
Michele, who showed me that it’s never too late to change careers. To my son Ian, who is
living proof that brains, good looks, courtesy, and respect do exist in just one man.
To my husband Richard, my Scottish “diamond in the rough,” the love of my life. His
steadfast love, understanding, and above all, patience, has allowed me always and with-
out question, to follow my career dreams down any road I ever wanted.
Jennifer Dorsey: For the Diva, who is set to make her debut the same week as this book.
Who knew that so much joy could happen all at once. Mommy loves you.
Acknowledgments
Beverley Henderson: My sincere thanks to Lindsay Lefever for having the faith and
trust in my medical knowledge to take me on the Wiley bandwagon as the old “new
kid on the block.” Never in my wildest dreams did I imagine myself accomplishing a
feat of this magnitude. I thank Lindsay for giving me the opportunity to write about a
subject that has been a large part of my career for many years. I am truly honored to
be included in the accomplishments of Wiley publications.
To my “partner in crime” in this endeavor, Jen Dorsey. I could not have done this
without her. With her past experiences in writing, Jen has coached me through this
new experience. Her patience and understanding, not to mention her answers to my
never-ending questions, went above and beyond the call of duty. I hope to have the
opportunity of working with Jennifer again in the future.
Jennifer Dorsey: Writing this book has been a dream come true for me. After working
with some wonderful people as an acquisitions editor for Wiley (many moons ago),
I was so thrilled to be asked back as a writer. I hope this is the beginning of another
beautiful friendship.
Speaking of beautiful friendships, thanks to my co-author Beverly Henderson. Her
medical knowledge is the heart of this book, and her passion really shows.
Big thanks go out to my talented acquisitions editor, Lindsay Lefever, for having faith
that we could pull this off. She’s an editorial guardian angel. Lindsay, I’m ready to
start on the next book whenever you are. Corbin Collins, our fabulous project editor,
has shown us patience and graciousness beyond measure. And he’s still talking to us,
which is pretty great considering he’s a cool guy who likes Tom Waits! Innumerable
thanks go out to all of the editorial and production folks, graphic artists, proofread-
ers, and indexers who make us look pretty darn good. You guys rock! Props also go
to some old friends at Wiley, Megan Saur and Barry Pruett, who were kind enough to
let me come play for a while before I headed to parts west. I’ll always be grateful for
the opportunities.
To my friends at home and on both coasts, my thanks for all of the email encourage-
ment that got me through many a long night. Special thanks go out to my martini-
loving ladies from the OC — Michelle, Rebekah, Erin, and Vicky. I miss you all every
day! Also, special thanks to my Woodsie friends who make Mother Theodore Guerin
proud every day by being very successful at what they do, socially aware when it
counts, and just plain fabulous women.
My family is my support system without which I could not have survived the last few
months. Thanks to all of my wonderful babysitters — Grandmas Rosie and Mickie,
Beth, and Aunt Sandy in particular — who saved me on more than one occasion.
Thanks to my awesome, funny, delightfully precocious son Will who has more brains
and charm than James Bond (and knows it). He keeps me laughing and reminds me of
what is most precious in life. Most importantly, thank you so much to my wonderful
husband, Mike, who loves me no matter what crazy project I get us involved in (“Hey!
Let’s do a little kitchen renovation while I write the book!”) and who has always
believed this is the right path from the start.
Publisher’s Acknowledgments
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Contents at a Glance
Introduction ................................................................ 1
Par t I: Living for Linguistics ......................................... 7
Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology .............................................9
Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why .................................................17
Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefi xes, Roots, and Suffi xes.........................25
Chapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms, Multiples, and Plurals — Oh My! ....37
Chapter 5 Say What? Pronunciation and Usage ...........................................................51
Par t II: Mapping Words and Bodies ............................. 61
Chapter 6: s It Was in the Beginning: Prefi xes ..............................................................63
Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffi xes ................................................................73
Chapter 8: Hey, I Know You: Word Recognition ..........................................................81
Chapter 9: Deconstruction Junction: Breaking Down Words.....................................91
Chapter 10: An Org Chart to Live By: Organization of the Body .............................101
Chapter 11: All Systems Go: When Systems Combine ..............................................111
Par t III: In Terms of Anatomy ................................... 121
Chapter 12: Boning Up on the Skeletal System ..........................................................123
Chapter 13: Getting Ripped: The Muscular System ...................................................141
Chapter 14: Skin Deep: Skin, Glands, Nails, and Hair ................................................155
Chapter 15: It Depends on Your Perception: The Sensory Systems .......................169
Par t IV: Let’s Get Some Physiology Terminology ......... 187
Chapter 16: The Heart of the Matter: The Cardiovascular
and Lymphatic Systems ..............................................................................................189
Chapter 17: Just Breathe: The Respiratory System ...................................................211
Chapter 18: Feeding Time: The Gastrointestinal System ..........................................227
Chapter 19: Gatekeepers of Health: The Endocrine System .....................................245
Chapter 20: Calming Down: The Nervous System .....................................................261
Par t V: Name That Plumbing .................................... 275
Chapter 21: When You Gotta Go: The Urinary System .............................................277
Chapter 22: Checking the Plumbing: The Male Reproductive System ....................291
Chapter 23: A Life Force: The Female Reproductive System ...................................303
Par t VI: The Par t of Tens .......................................... 321
Chapter 24: Ten Essential Medical Terminology References ...................................323
Chapter 25: Ten or So Useful Mnemonic Devices ......................................................327
Chapter 26: Ten Fun Word-Building Activities ...........................................................331
Appendix: Prefixes and Suffixes ................................ 337
Index ...................................................................... 343
Table of Contents
Introduction ................................................................. 1
About This Book ..............................................................................................1
Conventions Used in This Book .....................................................................2
Foolish Assumptions .......................................................................................3
How This Book Is Organized ..........................................................................3
Part I: Living for Linguistics .................................................................4
Part II: Mapping Words and Bodies .....................................................4
Part III: In Terms of Anatomy ..............................................................5
Part IV: Let’s Get Some Physiology Terminology ..............................5
Part V: Name That Plumbing ................................................................5
Part VI: The Part of Tens .......................................................................5
Where to Go from Here ...................................................................................6
Par t I: Living for Linguistics ......................................... 7
Chapter 1: Scrubbing In to Master Medical Terminology . . . . . . . . . . .9
The Tale Behind the Terms ............................................................................9
Making Terminology Work for You .............................................................10
Building a Foundation of Vocabulary ..........................................................12
In Terms of Anatomy ....................................................................................12
All Systems Go ...............................................................................................13
Down Under Details .......................................................................................15
The Ultimate Resource: You .......................................................................16
Chapter 2: Medical Terminology: The How and Why . . . . . . . . . . . . . .17
Defi ning Medical Terminology .....................................................................17
Using Medical Terminology in the Real World ..........................................18
In theory and practice .........................................................................19
Writing it down .....................................................................................19
Changes in Medical Terminology ................................................................20
It’s Greek and Latin to Me .............................................................................21
Modernizing Medicine ..................................................................................22
Chapter 3: Introducing the Big Three: Prefi xes, Roots,
and Suffi xes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
Rooting Around for Answers ........................................................................26
Exterior root words .............................................................................26
Interior root words ..............................................................................28
Prefi x as Precursor ........................................................................................33
Common Prefi xes ...........................................................................................34
Suffi xes: Final Thoughts ................................................................................35
x
Medical Terminology For Dummies
Chapter 4: Acronyms, Eponyms, Homonyms,
Multiples, and Plurals — Oh My!. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
Acronyms ........................................................................................................38
Eponyms ...............................................................................................40
Homonyms ............................................................................................41
Deriving a Plural the Medical Way ..............................................................42
Medical rules for forming plurals ......................................................42
English rules of forming plurals .........................................................45
Welcome to the Peanut Gallery: More Exceptions to the Plural Rules ...46
Chapter 5: Say What? Pronunciation and Usage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .51
Hooked on Phonics .......................................................................................51
Pronouncing Common Prefi xes and Beginning Sounds ............................52
The sound of silence ...........................................................................52
From your ear to the dictionary ........................................................53
Pronouncing Common Suffi xes and Endings .............................................54
Pronouncing Common Combinations .........................................................55
Putting It All Together ...................................................................................56
What Condition Your Condition Is In ..........................................................57
Suffering Suffi xes ............................................................................................58
Par t II: Mapping Words and Bodies ............................. 61
Chapter 6: As It Was in the Beginning: Prefi xes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .63
Common Prefi xes ...........................................................................................63
A–E prefi xes ..........................................................................................64
F–J prefi xes ...........................................................................................65
K–O prefi xes .........................................................................................65
P–Z prefi xes ..........................................................................................66
Matching Prefi xes to Situations ...................................................................67
In your body .........................................................................................67
In the doctor’s offi ce and hospital .....................................................68
In the pharmacy and research lab .....................................................69
Retro Root Rewind A–M ................................................................................69
Chapter 7: So It Shall Be in the End: Suffi xes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .73
Common Suffi xes ...........................................................................................73
-itis .........................................................................................................73
-oma .......................................................................................................74
-pathy .....................................................................................................74
And lots more suffi xes .........................................................................74
Matching Suffi xes to Situations ....................................................................76
In your body .........................................................................................77
In the doctor’s offi ce and hospital .....................................................78
Retro Root Rewind N–Z .................................................................................78