Medical Laboratory Technician (Chemistry and - ERIC

439 Pages·2007·9.71 MB·English

DOCUMENT RESUME
CE 044 810
ED 272 711
Thompson, Joselyn H.
AUTHOR
Medical Laboratory Technician (Chemistry and
TITLE
Urinalysis). (AFSC 92470).
Air Univ., Gunter AFS, Ala. Extension Course Inst.
INSTITUTION
PUB DATE
85
441p.; Supersedes ED 224 891.
NOTE
Materials (For Learner)
Guides - Classroom Use
PUB TYPE
(051)
MF01/PC18 Plus Postage.
EDRS PRICE
*Allied Health Occupations Education; Behavioral
DESCRIPTORS
Objectives; Biomedical Equipment; *Chemical Analysis;
Correspondence Study; Equipment Utilization;
*Laboratory Procedures; *Laboratory Technology;
Learning Activities; *Medical Laboratory Assistants;
*Medical Technologists; Military Personnel; Military
Training; Postsecondary Education; Quality Control
Air Force; Military Curriculum Materials;
IDENTIFIERS
*Urinalysis
ABSTRACT
This four-volume student text is designed for use by
Air Force personnel enrolled in a self-study extension course for
medical laboratory technicians. Covered in the individual volumes are
medical laboratory administration and clinical chemistry (career
opportunities, general laboratory safety and materials, general
medical laboratory administration, basic chemistry, solutions,
photometry and spectrophotometry, automation, quality control in
collection and handling of specimens); laboratory procedures in
clinical chemistry (body metabolism; proteins, carbohydrates, and
special
enzymes; liver and kidney function tests; gastric analysis;
chemistry tests; toxicology) and laboratory procedures in urinalysis
(general considerations, renal functions, physical characteristics of
urine, microscopic examination, and chemical examination). Each
volume in the set contains a series of lessons, exercises at the end
of each lesson, a bibliography, and answers to the exercises. Volume
review exercises are also included. (MN)
***********************************************************************
Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made
from the original document.
***********************************************************************
MEDICAL LABORATORY TECHNICIAN
(CHEMISTRY AND URINALYSIS)
(AFSC 92470)
BEST COPY AVAILABLE
U.S. DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
Office of F ducahonai Research and Improvemenr
EDUCATIONAL RESOURCES INFORMATION
CENTER (ERIC)
docfle,l has been reproduced as
rece,ved from the Person or 0,garezatfon
orej.nating ft
o MmOr changes have teen rnade to improve
reproducfion quahly
stat.,d
po,nts of v,ew
or opOlons
fl thi5 dOc u
ment do not necessardy represent oftfc.al
OE RI pos.hon or policy
Extension Course Institute
Air University
ECI COURSE MATERIALS SHIPPING LIST
EF FECTIVE DATE
COURSE TITLE
DURSE NUMBER
MEDICAL LABCRATORY TECHN IC IAN
CI-THATS TRY AND URINALYS IS)
(AFSC 92470)
Jun
2
40 41
upon receiving your .uurav package. and
needed to oornplete this course. Check this list immediately
materials are
INSTRUCIIONS:
7.14,7 lollowg
immediately. Else the EC1 Form 17 for this purpose, and be sure to include
any materials are missing or incorrect (nI4mberl don't match ), notify ECI
corresponth,nce separately
it-
address, course and volume number, and VRE form designation (if a VRE is involved). Send all
identification number,
Your
from your answer ghee t.
VRE ANSWER
INVENTORY CONTROL
SHEET
DESIGNATION OR TITLE
TYPE
ITEM
NUMBER
IDENTIFICATION
VOL 1, Introduction to Medical Laboratory
90411
VOI,
01
3
851_0
Administration ari to Clinical Chemistry
VR
90411
VOLUME RF:\/ I EW EXERC
4
fn
E (VOL 1_
01
90411
24
24
)
VoL
VOL 2, Laboratory Procedures in Clinical
7608
02
90411
5
Chemistry (Part I)
VOLUME REVIEW EXERC
VOL 2
90411
90411
6
VIRE
E
02
23
23
02
)
(
VOL
90411
VOL 3, Laboratory Procedures in Clinical
7608
03
7
Chemistry (Part II)
23
VRE
90411
VOLUME REVIEW EXERCISE (VOL 3)
90411
03
23
03
8
90411
VOL 4, Laboratory Procedures in Urinalysis
VOL
7608
04
9
VRE
90411 90411
VOLUME REVIEW EXERCISE (VOL 4)
04
04 23 23
10
DI RECT AN Y QU
NOTE :
T1(3\IS OR COMM1I\T IS
RK LAT TNG `TO ACCURACY OF 'TEXTUAL MATER HUE
AUTOVCN 736-4471.
DISREGARD ME MSC 90470
SPECIAL 1\10TE:
calm
av
ThE
PRINTED
M IS
OF ME TEX' IS .
DC IS FOR AIRMEN CN UPGRADE TRAMING TO
AFS C 92470 ONLY.
SEP: REVI,RSE SIDE FOR ADDITP)NAL INSTRUCTIONS.
ECI FORM
25
PREVIOUS EDITION WILL 1.1E USED.
JUN 8 4
Page I. of 3
LIST OF CHANGES
OURSE NUMDED
CAREER FIELDS, POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT CHANGE.
ALSO,
)041)
ERRORS OCCASIONALLY GET INTO PRINT. THE FOLLOWING FILMS UPDATE ANI)
FFECTtVE DATE OF
CORRECT YOUR COURSE MATERIALS. PLEASE MAKE THE INDICATED CHANGES.
IPPS.111
;PECIAL NUPE: THROJT TriE TEXTS AND VOLUME REV1E4 EXERCISE; FOR THIS COURSI.:, (1LVilE FFR;T
3 DIGUIS OF ALL AFSCS FROM 904 TO 924.
CHANGES FOR THE TEXT:
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a.
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b.
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c. ,ver 011-1(7):
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result
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d.
t)ort" to "Correct."
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161, answer 042-10:
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e.
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VOLUME 3
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ME REVIEW EXERCISE:
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to "service;
a.
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however, this was not expected to cover the manning shortage in the blood bank."
Question 10 is no longer scored and need not be answered.
b.
CHANGES FOR THE VOLUME REVIEW EXERCISE:
VOLUME 2
5.
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Change "incerase" to "increase."
Choice
a.
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b:
in the stem of the question, delete ", srum biliruhin is high
page 5, querltion 31:
b.
and."
Page 6, question 38:
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c.
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d.
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Choice c:
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e.
4
Continuation Sheet for ECI Form 25
Page 2 of 3
LIST OF CHANGES
1URS NUM
ALSO,
CAREER FIELDS, POLICIES, PROCEDURES AND EQUIPMENT CHANGE.
,0411
ERRORS OCCASIONALLY GET INTO PRINT. THE FOLLOWING ITEMS UPDATE AND
'FECTIVE DATE OF
ITPTILIAT)
CORRECT YOUR COURSE MATERIALS. PLEASE MAKE THE INDICATED CHANGES.
CHANGES FOR THE VOLUME REVIEW EXERCISE:
VOLUME 2 (Continued)
Change "exalacetate" to "oxalacetate."
Page 13, question 105, choices a and c:
f.
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g.
7 and 81.
VOLUME 3
ChANGF:'; FOR THE VOLUME REVIEW EXT-RCESE:
rage 2, quetion 5, choice a:
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a.
Qurstion
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b.
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.4:
7, question 44, choice c:
Question 50:
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In the
c.
itam of
guestion, change "materia" to "material."
Page 9, question 64, choice d:
Change "dodium hydrosulfide." to "sodium
d.
Iydrosulfite."
Questf.m 68:
In the stem of the question, change "gives a positive tPst"
'will cause the iminadiate appearance of a sliight turbidity."
The following questions are no longer scored and need not be answered:
e.
19 and 65.
VOLUME 4
CHANGES FOR THE VOLUME REVIEW EXERCE3E:
7.
Page 3, question 15:
In the stem of the question, change "pres!-.;ure" to "17.2sence."
a.
In the stem of the question, after "solution" add a comm.
Page 5, question 31:
b.
Page 6, question 40:
In the stem of the question, remove underline from "describing"
c.
and under line "transudation."
Qua;tion 84,
Page 10, question 80, choice c:
Change "Abermaver" to "Obermayer."
d.
"orthotolodine" to "orthotolidine."
:thoice 6:
Change "(115)" to "(638)."
Page 11, question 88:
P.
Question 72 is no longer scored and need not be answered.
t.
rowlAMMI
Page 3 of 3
l'ontinuation Sheet for ECI Form 25
t-

Prepared by
CMSgt Joselyn H. Thompson
(AUTOVON: 736-2809)
Reviewed by
Elmore C. Hall
Edited by
Joyce Wagner Anderson
SCIENCES, t
SCHOOL OF HEA1 T-rt CA
-t-C)
Atr:F j
TEXAS
SHEPPARD AIR r
EXTENSION COURSE INSTITUTE (AU)
GUNTER AIR FORCE STATION, ALABAMA 36118-5643
7
Preface
THE AIR FORCE laboratory technician should possess and demonstrate the technical
ability to effectively deliver quality laboratory service. Quality laboratory service is
essential to the accurate diagnosis and treatment of patients. Laboratory technicians,
today and in the future, should use good supervisory and administrative skills for efficient
management of the medical laboratory.
This volume provides you with a background of basic information so that together with
your on-the-job training and experience, you should easily make the transition from the
5-level specialist to the 7-level technician.
This CDC 90411 is the first of three career development courses for the 92470
specialty. Chapter 1 of this volume introduces the mission and capabilities of Air Force
clinical laboratories and guidelines in career progression. In chapter 2, you will review
current principles of laboratory materiel and general laboratory safety. Chapter 3 reviews
general laboratory administration, emphasizing laboratory ethics and interpersonal
relations, laboratory reports, and accreditation program. Chapters 4 and 5 cover a review
of basic chemistry and the nature and concentration of laboratory solutions. Chapter 6 is
about basic principles of photometry and spectrophotometry. Chapter 7 reviews
principles, techniques, and instruments used in automation. Chapter 8 concludes with
further principles and techniques for collection and handling laboratory specimens and a
review of quality control in the clinical laboratory.
For your convenience in the course and future reference, the Appendixes contain the
duties and responsibilities of your specialty, a Periodic Chart, and a summary of general
laboratory formulae.
Code numbers appearing on figures are for preparing agency identification only.
The inclusion of names of any specific commercial product, commodity, or service in
this publication is for information purposes only and does not imply indorsement by the
Air Force
NOTE: If you know this course contains erroneous or outdated information or does not
provide the knowledge that the current Specialty Training Standard (STS) requires you to
have for upgrade training, contact your unit OJT advisoi and fill out AF Form 1284,
Training Quality Report. If you need immediate clarification of information in these study
materials, call the author between 0700 and 1600 (CT), Monday through Friday.
Consult you education officer, training officer, or NCO if you have questions on course
enrollment or administration, Your Key to a Successful Course, and irregularities
(possible scoring errors, printing errors, etc.) on the volume review exercises and course
examination. Send questions these people can't answer to ECI, Gunter AFS AL
36118-5643, on ECI Form 17, Student Request for Assistance.
This volume is valued at 45 hours (15 points)
e,
icni as oi April 1985.
aterial in this volume is techn;,,l'y
-
Hi
Contents
Page
ill
Preface
Cher-.
Introduction to the Medical Laboratory
1
Career Field
1
Laboratory Materiel and General
2
Laboratory Safety
12
General Medical Laboratory
3
30
Administration
59
Review of Basic Chemistry
4
77
Solutions
5
Photometry and Spectrophotometry
89
6
110
Automation
7
Collection and Handling of
8
SpecimensQuality Control
118
138
Bibliography
Appendixes
141
Answers for Exercises
158
NOTF: ThIg. cours# Aeadves throw** numbered lesson segments, Pitch
sets
'lehavAnni objrctive, text, and exercises. The objecti-
-.itwitliks
yow, learning goal. The text gives you the information you need ts reach
that goal, and the exercises let you check your achievement. When you
complete each segment, see whether your answers match those in the back
of the volume. If your response to an exercise Ls incorrect, review the
objective and its text.
iv
9
CHAPTER 1
Introduction to the Medical Laboratory Career Field
dependents. In all instances, the analyses you perform are
TO BE SUCCESSFUL, you, the laboratory technician,
in the medical,
indispensable if the Medical Service is to properly minister
must not only possess the expertise
scientific, and technical areas, but must also be able to
to the health needs of those it serves.
The Medical Laboratory Service is organized as a part of
work effectively as managers and supervisors. If your
the USAF Medical Service and is under the supervision of
laboratory must provide the highest quality of service in
the Surgeon General, USAF. The senior laboratory officer
accomplishing the clinical laboratory mission, you must
is a colonel and is an associate chief of the Biomedical
prepare to accept the challenge of performing a significant
Science Corps. The amount and variety of service a medical
number of administrative laboratory tasks. These may
laboratory provides depends upon the medical facility it
supervision of
range from the monitoring of training and
supports. Since USAF medical facilities vary from the large
laboratory personnel or the requisitioning and maintaining
treatment center hospital to the smallest medical unit, so
of adequate quantities of laboratory supplies and equipment
does the size of medical laboratories which support them.
to preparing complicated reports that are submitted to
The size of the medical facility alone, however, does not
higher headquarters. However, most of our administrative
always dictate the nature and extent of laboratory services
procedures involve preparing and maintaining accurate
provided. Some laboratories have a
developed
fully
reports and records.
laboratory service, while others ship many specimens to
the
first
section,
discusses,
chapter
in
its
The
other laboratories for routine or special analyses. The scope
organization of the USAF Medical Laboratory Service.
of treatment provided by the medical facility and the
Then, to establish your role in this organization, your
number, initiative, and/or training of laboratory personnel
medical laboratory career field is explained. Finally, the
assigned are also factors that determine the Norkload of a
last section emphasizes your responsibilities and duties as a
laboratory supervisor and indicates the impc:tant role you
given medical laboratory.
AFR 160-32, Clinical Laboratory Classification and
share in the efficient performance of medical laboratory
Capabilities, states that Air Force medical laboratoriec
administration.
categorized into four classes on the basis of iAsonnel
assigned and anticipated workload.
Classification of Laboratories. The four classes are
1-1. The USAF Medical Laboratory Service
designated on the basis of capabilities to perform the
various laboratory procedures.
The medical laboratory has evolved from a basic hospital
Class A. Class A laboratories are located at area medical
service to an enormous business entity. The traditional role
centers in the States or at the larger overseas medical
of producing laboratory results to aid in the diagnosis of
treatment facilities where multiple medical specialties are
diseases and to follow the progress of therapy has been
to give
They are equipped and staffed
significantly increased. Today, the laboratory has become
represented.
complete clinical laboratory support to the specialized
provided by
a very essential and visible part of the services
treatment facility. They also serve as consultant, reference,
the hospital. You, as a medical laboratory technician,
and support laboratories to other Air Force medical
perform a vital role in the accomplishment of the clinical
facilities within specified geographical regions.
laboratory mission.
Class B. These laboratories generally are located at
regional hospitals. At least one pathologist and one
001. State the mission of the USAF Medical Laboratory
to
biomedical laboratory officer are authorized. In ao,
Service, list the factors that determine the services that a
of
conducting tests and examination for their medical facility,
the
classes
and
identify
provides,
laboratory
laboratories that act as consultant, reference, and
they may conduct certain tests for nearby installations when
the respective hospital commanders can make satisfactory
support laboratories.
Class B
that
examinations
or
Tests
arrant, ments.
aries are not able to complete are forwarded to Class
Mission of the Clinical Laboratory. The mission of the
labc
A laboratories or the Epidemiology Division USAF SAM or
USAF Medical Laboratory Service is to provide timely and
to Army or Navy laboratories in accordance with AFR
in the diagnosis,
laboratory support of value
reliable
161-40, Joint Utilization of Certain Armed Forces Medical
treatment, and prevention of diseases affecting the health
and welfare of U.S. Air Force versonnel and their
Laboratory Facilities.
1