Table Of ContentMEDIA DIVERSITY
AND LOCALISM
Meaning and Metrics
LEA’s COMMUNICATION SERIES
Jennings Bryant / Dolf Zillmann, General Editors
Selected titles include the following:
Berger •Planning Strategic Interaction: Attaining Goals Through
Communicative Action
Bryant/Zillmann(cid:127)Media Effects: Advances and Theory in Research,
Second Edition
Ellis (cid:127)Crafting Society: Ethnicity, Class, and Communication Theory
Fortunato(cid:127)Making Media Content: The Influence of Constituency
Groups on Mass Media
Greene (cid:127)Message Production: Advances in Communication Theory
Reichert/Lambaise(cid:127)Sex in Consumer Culture: The Erotic Content
of Media and Marketing
Singhal/Rogers (cid:127)Entertainment Education: A Communication
Strategy for Social Change
Zillmann/Vorderer(cid:127)Media Entertainment: The Psychology of Its
Appeal
For a complete list of other titles in LEA’s Communication Series,
please contact Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Publishers
MEDIA DIVERSITY
AND LOCALISM
Meaning and Metrics
Edited by
Philip M. Napoli
Associate Professor, Schools of Business
Director, DonaldMcGannonCommunication Research Center
Fordham University
LAWRENCE ERLBAUM ASSOCIATES, PUBLISHERS
2007 Mahwah, New Jersey London
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2009.
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Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc., Publishers
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Cover design byTomaiMaridou
Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Media diversity and localism : meaning and metrics / edited by Philip M.Napoli.
p. cm. — (New directions in communication disorders research, integra-
tive approaches)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8058-5548-3 (cloth : alk. paper)
ISBN 1-4106-1440-9 (e book)
1.Massmedia—Ownership.2.Localmassmedia.3.Massmediaandminorities.
4.Massmediapolicy. I.Napoli,PhilipM. II.Series.
P96.E25M39 2006
302.23—dc22 2006003198
CIP
BookspublishedbyLawrenceErlbaumAssociatesareprintedonacid-freepaper,
and their bindings are chosen for strength and durability.
ISBN 1-410-61440-9 Master e-book ISBN
Contents
List of Contributors ix
Preface xi
Introduction:MediaDiversityandLocalism—Meaning,Metrics,andPolicy xv
Philip M.Napoli
I: MEDIAOWNERSHIPANDMEDIADIVERSITY
ANDLOCALISM
1 Should We Regulate Media Ownership? 3
JoelWaldfogel
2 On Media Concentration and the Diversity Question 9
Robert B.Horwitz
3 Employment and Wage Effects of Radio Consolidation 57
PeterDiCola
4 Public and Private Decision Making: The Value of Diversity 79
in News
Peter J. Alexander and Brendan M. Cunningham
5 Convergence of Newspaper Election Coverage: 1992 to 2000 97
AlexanderHalavais
v
vi CONTENTS
II: CONCEPTUAL AND METHODOLOGICAL ISSUES
IN ASSESSING MEDIA DIVERSITY AND LOCALISM
6 Mediation, Mediators, and New Intermediaries: Implications 113
for the Design of New Communication Policies
StefaanG.Verhulst
7 The Limits of Diversity 139
SandraBraman
8 Indexing Diversity 151
Steven S.Wildman
9 Tracking Localism in Television Broadcasting: Utilizing 177
and Structuring Public Information
Stephen D. McDowell andJenghoonLee
10 When Law and Social Science Go Hand in Glove: Usage 193
and Importance of Local and National News Sources—
Critical Questions and Answers for Media Market Analysis
Mark Cooper
III: MINORITIES, MEDIA, AND DIVERSITY
11 White Out: The Absence and Stereotyping of People of Color 227
by the Broadcast Networks in Prime Time Entertainment
Programming
Leonard M.Baynes
12 Serving the Public Interest: Broadcast News, Public Affairs 269
Programming, and the Case for Minority Ownership
Christine M.Bachen, Allen S. Hammond, IV, and Catherine J. K.Sandoval
IV: CONTEXTUALIZINGMEDIADIVERSITYANDLOCALISM:
AUDIENCEBEHAVIORANDNEWTECHNOLOGIES
13 Diversity of Exposure 309
James G. Webster
14 A Mile Wide and an Inch Deep: Measuring Media Diversity 327
Online and Offline
MatthewHindman
CONTENTS vii
15 Content Diversity Online: Myth or Reality? 349
EszterHargittai
16 Proactive Media Policy in an Age of Content Abundance 363
Ellen P. Goodman
Author Index 383
Subject Index xxx
List of Contributors
PeterJ.Alexander,Federal Communications Commission
ChristineM.Bachen,Santa Clara University
LeonardM.Baynes,St. John’s University
SandraBraman,University of Wisconsin, Milwaukee
MarkCooper,Consumer Federation of America
BrendanM.Cunningham,United States Naval Academy
PeterDiCola,University of Michigan/Future of Music Coalition
EllenP.Goodman,Rutgers University, Camden
AlexanderHalavais,State University of New York at Buffalo
AllenS.Hammond,IV, Santa Clara University
EszterHargittai,Northwestern University
MatthewHindman,Arizona State University
RobertB.Horwitz,University of California, San Diego
JenghoonLee,Florida State University
StephenD.McDowell,Florida State University
PhilipM.Napoli,Fordham University
CatherineJ.K.Sandoval,Santa Clara University
StefaanG.Verhulst,MarkleFoundation
JoelWaldfogel,University of Pennsylvania
JamesG.Webster,Northwestern University
StevenWildman,Michigan State University
ix
