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MEDIA, BUREAUCRACIES AND
FOREIGN AID
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MEDIA, BUREAUCRACIES AND
FOREIGN AID:A COMPARATIVE
ANALYSIS OF THE UNITED
STATES,THE UNITED KINGDOM,
CANADA, FRANCE AND JAPAN
By Douglas A.Van Belle, Jean-Sébastien Rioux
and David M.Potter
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MEDIA,BUREAUCRACIESANDFOREIGNAID
© Douglas A.Van Belle,Jean-Sébastien Rioux and
David M.Potter,2004
All rights reserved.No part of this book may be used or reproduced inany
manner whatsoever without written permission except in the case of brief
quotations embodied in critical articles or reviews.
First published 2004 by
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN™
175 Fifth Avenue,New York,N.Y.10010 and
Houndmills,Basingstoke,Hampshire,England RG21 6XS
Companies and representatives throughout the world
PALGRAVE MACMILLAN is the global academic imprint of the Palgrave
Macmillan division of St.Martin’s Press,LLC and of Palgrave Macmillan Ltd.
Macmillan® is a registered trademark in the United States,United Kingdom
and other countries.Palgrave is a registered trademark in the European
Union and other countries.
ISBN 1–4039–6284–7
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Van Belle,Douglas A.,1965–
Media,bureaucracies and foreign aid :a comparative analysis of the
United States,the United Kingdom,Canada,France and Japan / by Douglas
A.Van Belle,Jean-Sébastien Rioux and David M.Potter.
p.cm.(Advances in foreign policy analysis)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 1–4039–6284–7
1. Economic assistance—Press coverage—Cross-cultural studies.
2.Bureaucracy—Cross-cultural studies.I.Rioux,Jean-Sébastien.
II.Potter,David M.,1960– III.Title.IV.Series.
HC60.V3526 2004
338.91—dc22 2003058087
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Design by Newgen Imaging Systems (P) Ltd.,Chennai,India.
First edition:April 2004
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Printed in the United States of America.
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CONTENTS
List ofTables vi
Acknowledgments viii
1. Introduction:The Convergence of
Three Areas of Study 1
2. Foreign Aid,Foreign Policy and Bureaucratic Politics:
Theories and Policy Motives 7
3. A Baseline for Further Analysis:News Media Coverage
and Levels of U.S.Development Aid 35
4. A First Point of Comparison:News Coverage and
British Foreign Aid 51
5. A Trusted,Elite Bureaucracy:News Coverage and
French Foreign Aid 65
6. The Challenge of a Disaggregated Aid Program:
News Media Coverage and Japanese Development Aid 79
7. The Multilingual Context of a Smaller Power:
News Media Coverage and Canadian Development Aid 103
8. An Event-Driven Aid Program:
News Media Coverage and U.S.Foreign Disaster Assistance 119
9. Bureaucracy,Democracy,the Media and Foreign Aid 137
Notes 147
References 157
Index 175
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LIST OF TABLES
3.1 Effect of New York Timescoverage on commitments of
U.S.development assistance,1985–1995 43
3.2 Effect of New York Timescontent on commitments of
U.S.development assistance,1985–1995 46
3.3 Effect of network television coverage on commitments of
U.S.development assistance,1985–1995 50
4.1 Effect of Times(London) coverage on commitments of
British development assistance,1985–1995 59
4.2 Effect of Times(London) content on commitments of
British development assistance,1985–1995 60
4.3 Effect of Guardian(London) coverage on commitments of
British development assistance,1991–1995 62
5.1 Effect of Le Mondecoverage on commitments of
French development assistance,1985–1995 75
5.2 Effect of Le Mondecoverage content on commitments of
French development assistance,1985–1995 77
6.1 Agencies relevant to the administration of Japanese
official development assistance 84
6.2 Effect of Asahi Shimbuncoverage on commitments of
Japanese development assistance,1985–1995 97
6.3 Dropping East Asia from the analysis of commitments of
Japanese development assistance,1985–1995 98
6.4 Effect of Asahi Shimbuncoverage on Japanese assistance,
grants only,1985–1995 98
6.5 Effect of Asahi Shimbuncoverage on Japanese assistance,aid
excluding grants,1985–1995 100
7.1 Effect of the Globe and Mail’s coverage on commitments of
Canadian development assistance,1985–1995 112
7.2 Effect of the Globe and Mail’s coverage on commitments of
Canadian development assistance,1985–1995 113
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LIST OF TABLES vii
8.1 Effect of New York Timescoverage on U.S.foreign
disaster assistance,1964–1995 133
8.2 Effect of New York Timescoverage on U.S.foreign
disaster assistance,1964–1995:reduced model 133
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
As with any research effort of this scope,this book is the product of a
community and we can never hope to list every single one of the huge
number and tremendous variety of contributions, big and small, from
countless conference participants, colleagues, family and even students.
Without diminishing the efforts of those that we might fail to mention,we
would like to note some we are particularly thankful for.First and foremost
is the work of an army of research assistants,many of whom volunteered
their time and efforts:Carolina Moraes,Anne Kröning,Jacinthe Gagnon,
Sean Tischler,Joseph S.Cravath,Peter Goes,Chris Pritchard,Deborah L.
Mannhaupt,Makiko Fukada,Nat Gibbens,Madina Arkayeva,Athena Vliet,
Christy Schlachter, Gretchen Vogt, Danielle Black, Paul Gumper, Chris
Hoffert,Bruce Knott and Jamie Konrad.
Different portions of this book at various stages of development were
presented in panels at academic conferences including: International
Studies Association, Chicago, February 2001; the Canadian Political
Science Association,Québec City,May 2001 and Toronto,June 2002;the
Nanzan University Regional Studies and International Relations Research
Group colloquium in June 2001; the International Studies Association
meeting in Hong Kong, July 2001; the American Political Science
Association, San Francisco, September 2001; and the Administration of
Foreign Policy colloquium in Hull, Québec, November 2001.These
presentations consistently provided invaluable feedback and the debates,
especially the ones that bordered on arguments, shaped much of our
thinking,encouraged us to conduct the extensive robustness testing that
characterizes much of the analysis and were truly inspirational at those
moments when the task just seemed to be too large to manage.
Five colleagues deserve specific mention. Nelson Michaud and Pat
James read many versions of the work in progress and were of enormous
help along the way.Alex Mintz,general editor of this series,also had a hand
in this product and Sudo Sueo provided helpful comments regarding our
analysis of Japan. In chapter 1, we refer to a presentation on theoretical
integration made by Michael Brecher and wish to mention it here as well
in hopes that we can drive home just how much it inspired us to bring
these areas of research together.
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ACKNOWLEDGMENTS ix
There was also a great deal of financial assistance for the project.The
authors gratefully acknowledge the support of the Canada Research Chairs
program,the International Studies Association and the FDR grant program
at East Stroudsburg University.
Finally, we must thank family and partners for enduring this process
with us.Wendy,Tabitha, Jensen, Samantha, Émilie,Yumiko, Micah and
Andy suffered as much as we did from the late nights,migraine-filled hours
coding media coverage and the trips around the world to present the bits
and pieces that became this book.
Thank you all.
DVB
JSR
DMP
