Table Of Content\!
2
c
Mechanical
Engineer’s
Reference
Book
Mechanical
Engineer’s
Reference
Book
Twelfth edition
Edited by
Edward H. Smith BSC, MSC, P~Dc,E ng,
FI Mech E
Head of Computing Services,
University of Central Lancashire
With specialist contributors
UTTER
W O R T H
E I N E M A N N
Buttenvorth-Heinemann
Linacre House, Jordan Hill, Oxford OX2 SDP
225 Wildwood Avenue, Woburn, MA 01801-2041
A division of Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Ltd
-e
A member of the Reed Elsevier group
OXFORD AUCKLAND BOSTON
JOHANNESBURG MELBOURNE NEW DELHl
First published as Newnes Engineer's Reference Book 1946
Twelfth edition 1994
Reprinted 1995
Paperback edition 1998
Reprinted 1999,2000
0 Reed Educational and Professional Publishing Limited 1994
All rights reserved. No part of this publication
may be reproduced in any material form (including
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means and whether or not transiently or incidentally
to some other use of this publication) without the
written permission of the copyright holder except
in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright,
Designs and Patents Act 1988 or under the terms of a
licence issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency Ltd,
YO Tottenham Court Road, London, England WlP OLP.
Applications for the copyright holder's written permission
to reproduce any part of this publication should be addressed
to the publishers
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the
British Library
Library of Congress Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the
Library of Congress
ISBN 0 7506 4218 1
Typeset by TecSet Ltd, Wallington, Surrey
Printed and bound in Great Britain by The Bath Press, Bath
FOR EVERY TIIU THAT WE POBUSH, EUI'IE8WOR~~T H~HEW?MANR
W UPA Y POR BTCV TO P WAN 0 CARE POR A IREE.
Contents
Preface 8 Mechanics of solids
Stress and strain . Experimental techniques . Fracture
List of contributors mechanics . Creep of materials . Fatigue . References .
Further reading
1 Mechanical engineering principles
9 Tribology
Status of rigid bodies . Strength of materials . Dynamics of
Basic principles . Lubricants (oils and greases) . Bearing
rigid batdies . Vibrations . Mechanics of fluids . Principles of
selection . Principles and design of hydrodynamic bearings .
thermodynamics . Heat transfer . References Lubrication of industrial gears . Rolling element bearings .
2 Electrical and electronics principles Materials for unlubricated sliding . Wear and surface
treatment . Fretting . Surface topography . References .
Basic electrica! technology . Electrical machines . Analogue
Further reading
and digital electronics theory . Electrical safety References
. Further reading
10 Power units and transmission
3 Microprocessors, instrumentation and control Power units . Power transmission . Further reading
Summary of number systems . Microprocessors .
Communication standards . Interfacing of computers to 11 Fuels and combustion
systems . Instrumentation . Classical control theory and Introduction General fuel types . Major property overview
practice . Microprocessor-based control . Programmable . Major fuel groupings . Combustion . Conclusions .
logic controllers . The z-transform . State variable
References
techniqiies . References . Further reading
4 Coniputers and their application 12 Alternative energy sources
IntroduNction . Types of computer . Generations of digital Introduction . Solar radiation . Passive solar design in the
computers . Digital computer systems . Categories of UK . Thermal power and other thermal applications .
computer systems Central processor unit . Memory . Photovoltaic energy conversion . Solar chemistry .
Peripherals . Output devices . Terminals . Direct input . Hydropower . Wind power . Geothermal energy Tidal
Disk storage . Digital and analogue inputloutput . Data power . Wave power . Biomass and energy from wastes
communications . Computer networks . Data terminal Energy crops . References
equipment . Software . Database management . Language
translators . Languages 13 Nuclear engineering
Introduction . Nuclear radiation and energy . Mechanical
5 Coniputer-integrated engineering systems
engineering aspects of nuclear power stations and associated
CAD/CAM: Computer-aided design and computer-aided plant . Other applications of nuclear radiation . Elements of
manufacturing .Industrial robotics and automation . health physics and shielding . Further reading
Computer graphics systems . References . Further reading
14 Offshore engineering
. Drawing and graphic Historical review . Types of fixed and floating structures .
Future development . Hydrodynamic loading . Structural
communications . Fits, tolerances and limits . Fasteners .
strength and fatigue . Dynamics of floating systems . Design
Ergonomic and anthropometric data . Total quality - a considerations and certification . References
company culture . References
roperties and selection 15 Plant engineering
Engineering properties of materials . The principles Compressors, fans and pumps . Seals and sealing Boilers
underlying materials selection . Ferrous metals . and waste-heat recovery . Heating, ventilation and air
Non-ferrous metals . Composites . Polymers . Elastomers . conditioning . Refrigeration . Energy management .
Engineering ceramics and glasses . Corrosion . Condition monitoring . Vibration isolation and limits .
Non-destructive testing . References . Further reading Acoustic noise . References
vi Contents
16 Manufacturing methods 19 Units, symbols and constants
Large-chip metal removal . Metal forming . Welding, SI units . Conversion to existing imperial terms .
soldering and brazing . Adhesives . Casting and foundry Abbreviations . Physical and chemical constants . Further
practice . References . Further reading reading
17 Engineering mathematics Index
Trigonometric functions and general formulae . Calculus .
Series and transforms . Matrices and determinants .
Differential equations . Statistics . Further reading
18 Health and safety
Health and safety in the European Community . Health and
safety at work - law and administration in the USA . UK
legislation and guidance . The Health and Safety at Work
etc. Act 1974 . The Health and Safety Executive . Local
Authorities . Enforcement Notices . Control of Substances
Hazardous to Health Regulations 1988 . Asbestos . Control
of lead at work . The Electricity at Work Regulations 1989 .
The Noise at Work Regulations 1989 . Safety of machines .
Personal protective equipment . Manual handling . Further
reading
Preface
I was delighted when Butterworth-Heinemann asked me to To see this book in print is a considerable personal achieve-
edit a new edition of Mechanical Engineer’s Reference Book. ment, but I could not have done this without the help of
Upon looking at its predecessor, it was clear that it had served others. First, I would like to thank all the authors for their
the community well, but a major update was required. The tremendous hard work. It is a major task to prepare informa-
book clearly needed to take account of modern methods and tion for a hook of this type, and they have all done a magnificent
systems. job. At Butterworth-Heinemam, Duncan Enright and Deena
The philosophy behind the book is that it will provide a Burgess have been a great help, and Dal Koshal of the
qualified engineer with sufficient information so that he or she University of Brighton provided considerable support. At the
can identify the basic principles of a subject and be directed to University of Central Lancashire, Gill Cooke and Sue Wright
further reading if required. There is a blurred line between ensured that the administration ran smoothly.
this set of information and a more detailed set from which I hope you find the book useful.
design decisions are made. One of my most important tasks
has been to define this distinction, so that the aims of the book
are met and its weight is minimized! I hope I have been able to
do this, so that the information is neither cursory nor complex.
Any book of this size will inevitably contain errors, but I Ted Smith
hope these will be minimal. I will he pleased to receive any University of Central Lancashire, Preston.
information from readers SO that the book can be improved. Christmas Eve, 1993
Contributors
Dennis fI. Bacon BSc(Eng), MSc, CEng, MIMechE Duncan S. T. Enright BA: MA(Oxon), CertEd, GradInstP
Consultant and technical author Commissioning Editor, Butterworth-Heinemann, Oxford
Neal Barnes BSc, PhD Charles J. Fraser BSc, PhD, CEng, FIMechE, MInstPet
Formerly Manager, Pumping Technology, BHR Group Ltd Reader in Mechanical Engineering
John Barron BA, MA(Cantab) Eric M. Goodger BSc(Eng), MSc, PhD, CEng, MIMechE,
Lecturer, Department of Engineering, University of FInstE, FInstPet, MRAeS, MIEAust
Cambridge Consultant in Fuels Technology Training
Christopher Beards BSc(Eng), PhD, CEng, MRAeS, MIOA Edward N. Gregory CEng, FIM, FWeldI
Consultant and technical author Consultant
Jonh S. Bevan IEng, MPPlantE, ACIBSE Dennis R. Hatton IEng, MIPlantE
Formerly with British Telecom Consultant
Ronald .J. Blaen Tony G. Herraty BTech, MIMechE, CEng
Independent consultant SKF (UK) Service Ltd, Luton, Bedfordshire
Tadeusz 2. Bllazynski PhD, BSc(Eng), MIMechE, CEng Martin Hodskinson BSc, PhD, CEng, FIMechE, MIED,
Formerly Reader in Applied Plasticity, Department of REngDes
Mechanicaki Engineering, University of Leeds Senior Lecturer, Department of Engineering and Product
Design. University of Central Lancashire
James Carvill WSc(MechE), BSc(E1ecEng)
Formerly Senior Lecturer in Mechanical Engineering, Allan R. Hntchinson BSc, PhD, CEng, MICE
University of Northumbria at Newcastle Deputy Head, Joining Technology Research Centre, School
of Engineering, Oxford Brookes University
Trevor G. Clarkson BSc(Eng), PhD, CEng, MIEE, Senior
Member IEEE Jeffery D. Lewins DSc(Eng), FINucE, CEng
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, King's Lecturer in Nuclear Engineering, University of Cambridge
College., University of London and Director of Studies in Engineering and Management,
Magdalene College
Paul Compton BSc CEng, MCIBSE
Colt International Ltd, Havant, Hants Michael W. J. Lewis BSc, MSc
Senior Engineering Consultant, National Centre of
Vince Coveney PhD Tribology, AE Technology, Risley, Warrington
Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Engineering, University of the
West of England R. Ken Livesley MA, PhD, MBCS
Lecturer Department of Engineering, University of
Roy D. Cullurn FIED Cambridge
Editor, Materials and Manufacture
J. Cleland McVeigh MA, MSc, PhD, CEng, FIMechE,
A. Davi'es FInstE, MIEE, MCIBSE
National Centre of Tribology, Risley Nuclear Development Visiting Professor, School of Engineering, Glasgow
Laboratory Caledonian University
Raymond J. H. Easton CEng, MIR4echE Gordon M. Mair BSc, DMS, CEng, MIEE, MIMgt
Chief Applications Engineer, James Walker & Co Ltd Lecturer, Department of Design, Manufacture and
Engineering Management, University of Strathclyde
Philip Eliades BSc, AMIMechE
National Centre for Tribology, UKAEA, Risley, Fraidoon Mazda MPhil, DFH, DMS, MIMgt, CEng, FIEE
Warrington Northern Telecom
