Table Of ContentMEASURING UP
Challenges Minorities Face
in Educational Assessment
Evaluation in Education and
Human Services
Editors:
George F. Madaus, Boston College,
Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts, U.S.A.
Daniel L. Stufflebeam, Western Michigan
University, Kalamazoo, Michigan, U.S.A.
Other books in the series:
Ayers, J. and Berney, M.:
A Practical Guide to Teacher Education Evaluation
Hambleton, R. and Zaal, J.:
Advances in Educational and Psychological Testing
Gifford, B. and O'Connor, M.:
Changing Assessments
Gifford, B.:
Policy Perspectives on Educational Testing
Basarab, D. and Root, D.:
The Training Evaluation Process
Haney, W.M., Madaus, G.F. and Lyons, R.:
The Fractured Marketplace for Standardized Testing
Wing, L.C. and Gifford, B.:
Policy Issues in Employment Testing
Gable, R.E.:
Instrument Development in the Affective Domain (2nd Edition)
Kremer-Hayon, L.:
Teacher Self-Evaluation
Payne, David A.:
Designing Educational Project and Program Evaluations
Oakland T. and Hambleton, R.:
International Perspectives on Academic Assessment
Nettles, M.T. and Nettles, A.L.:
Equity and Excellence in Educational Testing and Assessment
Shinkfield, A.J. and Stufflebeam, D.L.:
Teacher Evaluation: Guide to Effective Practice
Birenbaum, M. and Dochy, Filip J.R.C.:
Alternatives in Assessment of Achievements, Learning
Processes and Prior Knowledge
Mulder, M., Nijhof, W.J., Brinkerhoff, R.O.:
Corporate Training for Effective Performance
Britton, E.D. and Raizen, S.A.:
Examining the Examinations
Candoli, C, Cullen, K. and Stufflebeam, D.:
Superintendent Performance Evaluation
Brown, S.M. and Seidner, C.J.:
Evaluating Corporate Training: Models and Issues
Osterlind, S.:
Constructing Test Items (Second Edition)
MEASURING UP
Challenges Minorities Face
in Educational Assessment
edited by
Arie L. Nettles
Michael T. Nettles
University of Michigan
EVALUATION IN EDUCATIONAL AND HUMAN SERVICES
SPRINGER SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, LLC
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Measuring up : challenges minorities face in educational assessment /
edited by Arie L. Nettles, Michael T. Nettles.
p. cm. - (Evaluation in education and human services)
Includes index.
ISBN 978-94-010-5890-2 ISBN 978-94-011-4399-8 (eBook)
DOI 10.1007/978-94-011-4399-8
1. Educational tests and measurements-Social aspects-United
States. 2. Minority students-Rating of-United States. 3. Test
bias-United States. 4. Educational equalization-United States.
I. Nettles, Arie L. II. Nettles, Michael T., 1955-
III. Series.
LB3051.M4627 1999
371.26'01'3~dc21 99-12925
CIP
Copyright © 1999 by Springer Science+Business Media New York
Originally published by Kluwer Academic Publishers in 1999
Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 1999
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a
retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means, mechanical, photo
copying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the
publisher, Springer Science+Business Media, LLC
Printed on acid-free paper.
Dedication
To Ana Simone Nettles, age 11
Sabin Alexia Nettles, age 7
Aidan Selima Nettles, age 3
Our three lovely hearts, partners and children,
And
To all the other youngsters
in American schools who are striving
to measure up to the nation's evolving standards.
Contents
Dedication .................................................................................................. v
Contributing Authors ................................................................................... ix
Preface ..................................................................................................... xiii
Acknowledgements ................................................................................... xv
1. Introduction: Issuing the Challenge
Arie L. Nettles and Michael T. Nettles .................................................... 1
2. Validity Standards and Principles on Equity
in Educational Testing and Assessment
Robert L. Linn ..................................................................................... 13
3. The Implications of Content Standards and Assessments
for the Economically Disadvantaged, Minorities and Women
Edward D. Roeber ............................................................................... 35
4. Finding One's Voice: A Model for More Equitable Assessment
Elizabeth Badger ................................................................................. 53
5. Advances in Portfolio Assessment with
Applications to Urban School Populations
Mark D. Reckase and Catherine Welch ................................................. 71
6. Fairness and Equity in Measuring Student learning
Using a Mathematics Performance Assessment:
Results from the Quasar Project
Suzanne Lane and Edward A. Silver ...................................................... 97
7. Improving the Equity and Validity of
Assessment-based Information Systems
Zenaida Aguirre -Munoz and Eva L. Baker ........................................... 121
8. Performance Assessment and Issues of Differential Impact:
The British Experience -lessons for America
George F. Madaus, Anastasia f. Raczek, Sally Thomas ........................ 137
9. The Case for Affirmative Action in Higher Education
William H. Gray III, Michael T. Nettles, Laura W. Perna,
Kimberley C. Edelin ......................... ..... .... .... .... ............. ... ................. 167
viii MEASURING UP
10. Epilogue ............................................................................................ 195
Part 1: Tests as Barriers to Access
William H. Gray III, Michael T. Nettles, Catherine M. Millett ............... 197
Part 2: Educational Standards and
Alternatives in Educational Reform
Edmund W. Cordon ........................................................................... 209
Part 3: Merit and Opportunity: Testing
and Higher Education at the Vortex
Nancy S. Cole ................................................................................... 215
Part 4: If You Want Equity, You Need Standards
Joan Baratz-Snowden ......................................................................... 225
Part 5: Response to Validity Standards and
Principles on Equity (Robert Linn)
Donald M. Stewart ............................................................................ 229
Part 6: At Risk and Unready? African American
Children and Early Childhood Education
Arie L. Nettles, Kimberly Gene Browning, Regena Fails-Nelson ............ 235
Index ...................................................................................................... 251
Contributing Authors
Zenaida Aguirre-Munoz
Research Associate
National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing (CRESST)
Elizabeth Badger
Director ofI nstructional Assessment Initiatives
The College Board
Eva L. Baker
Professor
Director, Center for the Study of Education
Co-Director, National Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student
Testing (CRESST)
Joan Haratz-Snowden
Deputy Director
Educational Issues Department
American Federation ofT eachers
Kimberly Gene Browning
Social Science Research Associate and AQiunct Lecturer
School of Social Work
University of Michigan
Nancy S. Cole
President
Educational Testing Service
Kimberley C Edelin
Research Scientist
Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute
Edmund W. Gordon
John M. Musser Professor of Psychology, Emeritus
Yale University
Distinguished Professor of Educational Psychology
The City University of New York
Visiting Scholar
The College Board
x MEASURING UP
William H. Gray, III
President and CEO
United Negro College Fund
Regena Fails Nelson
Assistant Professor ofE ducation
WestemMichigan University
Suzanne Lane
Professor
Psychology and Education
University ofP ittsburgh
Robert Linn
Professor
Center for Research on Evaluation, Standards, and Student Testing
University of Colorado at Boulder
George Madaus
Boisi Professor ofE ducation and Public Policy
Center for Testing
Boston College
Catherine M. Millett
Senior Research Associate,
University of Michigan
Arie L Nettles
Assistant Professor and Assistant Research Scientist ofE ducation
Clinical Assistant Professor of Medicine
University ofM ichigan
Michael T. Nettles
Professor ofE ducation
University of Michigan
Executive Director
Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute
Laura Perna
Research Scientist and Director of Data Analysis
Frederick D. Patterson Research Institute
xi
Anastasia Raczek,
Boston College
Marte D. Reckase
Professor ofE ducation
Michigan State UniveIsity
*formerly ofA er, Inc. when the paper was written
Edward D. Roeber
Project Director
State Collaborative Assessment and Student Stat1daJd5
Council of ChiefState School Officers
Edward A. Silver
Professor
School ofE ducation
Instruction andLeaming
UniveIsity ofP ittsburgh
Donald Stewart
President
The College Board
Sally Thomas
Professor
Institute ofE ducation
UnivesityofLondon
Catherine Welch
DirectorofPerfonnance Assessment Center
ACrInc.
