Measuring and Modeling Human Body Shapes for Vehicle

60 Pages·2013·7.5 MB·English

by  Matthew Reed

Measuring and Modeling Human Body
Shapes for Vehicle Design and

Assessment
Matthew P. Reed, PhD
Research Associate Professor
Head, Biosciences Group, UMTRI
Human Motion Simulation Lab, Center for Ergonomics,
Industrial and Operations Engineering
Overview
Biosciences Group Human Motion Simulation Lab
Engineering
Laboratory and
Anthropometry and
Field Ergonomics
Ergonomics!
Studies!
Motion
Injury
Modeling!
Biomechanics!
!
Crash
Data Advanced
Manikin
Analysis!
Developmen!t
Humans in Engineered Systems
• Humans interact with nearly all
products and systems either in
manufacture, use,
maintenance, or disposal.
• On nearly every relevant
attribute, humans vary more
than any other factor
considered in the design of a
product
• Human physical variability
(size, shape, mass, strength…)
is a critical consideration in the
design of products to be used
by people
What is Anthropometry?
• Human Body + Spatial Measurement
= human size and shape
• Often used to mean anthropometric
data or the application of
anthropometric data
• Anthropometry is critical in the design
of most engineered systems with
which people interact
• Anthropometry is the oldest and most
successful component of “human
factors” engineering
Traditional Anthropometric Dimensions!
Sources of Anthropometric Data
• Traditional anthropometric surveys use simple mechanical tools
(calipers, scales, measuring tapes) to record body dimensions
• The most complete data are available for military populations
ANSUR: 1988 U.S. Army Survey is a widely used publicly available
data set with over 140 dimensions (ANSUR II is now underway.)
• Well-sampled civilian data contain few dimensions, primarily stature
and body weight:
National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey:*
•  NHANES III: stratified survey of U.S. civilians normed to 1990
•  Since 1999, data from an ongoing survey are released in 2-year
blocks

*See NCHS at http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/!
Some Round Numbers
Percentiles for stature and weight for U.S. civilians age 18+
from NHANES (1990 and 2005-2008):

!Men !Women!
Weight (lb)*!
5th%ile !131 134 !106 111!
50th%ile !176 188 !144 157†!
95th%ile !245 272 !228 249!
Stature (in.)*!
5th%ile !64.7 (5ʼ5”) 64.4 (5ʼ5”) !59.7 (5ʼ0”) 59.4 (4ʼ11”)!
50th%ile !69.3 (5ʼ9”) 69.3 (5ʻ9”) !64.0 (5ʼ4”) 63.8 (5ʼ4”) !!
95th%ile !74.1 (6ʼ2”) 74.3 (6ʼ2”) !68.4 (5ʼ8”) 68.3 (5ʻ8”)!
!
* No shoes, light clothing
† ~50th%ile male weight in 1962 !
Applications of Anthropometric Data
• The design of any product or workspace
with which humans interact physically
can benefit from applied anthropometry
• But humans are highly adaptable and
expectations are low
• Most anthropometric considerations are
addressed using simplistic univariate
look-up tables based on 5th-percentile
female and 95th-percentile male values
of standard anthropometric dimensions
(usually based on out-of-date information
or data from a military population).
Automotive Applications
Vehicle Interior Layout (Packaging)!
Figure Models for Ergonomics!
Seat Design!
Human Body Models!
Crash Dummy Development!
Other Mobility Applications
Other Mobility Applications