Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion

375 Pages·2022·12.263 MB·English

by  Vladimir Medved (editor)

Series in Biomedical Engineering
Vladimir Medved   Editor
Measurement
and Analysis
of Human
Locomotion
Series in Biomedical Engineering
FoundingEditor
JoachimH.Nagel
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Vladimir Medved
Editor
Measurement and Analysis
of Human Locomotion
Editor
VladimirMedved
FacultyofKinesiology
UniversityofZagreb
Zagreb,Croatia
ISSN1864-5763 ISSN1864-5771 (electronic)
SeriesinBiomedicalEngineering
ISBN978-3-030-79684-6 ISBN978-3-030-79685-3 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79685-3
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Preface
Human locomotion may be a subject of interest in many areas such as sports,
medicine, performing arts, and also, assuming a slightly broader perspective,
ergonomics, traffic sciences, didactics, etc. Modern approaches to studying gross
human movement and locomotion are characterized by the possibility of applica-
tionofvariousengineeringtechnologysolutionsenabling,ineffect,aphysics-and
physiology-basedquantitativegraspofthephenomenon.Itisherewherethisbook
focuses, its aim being to introduce, succinctly describe, explain and illustrate uses
ofthissort.Amongapplicationareasmentioned,itsprimaryorientationistowards
thoseinmedicineandinsports.Thebookhasbeenmotivatedbytheneedforlecture
notesofacoursecarryingthesamenamewithinMedicalStudiesinEnglishatthe
UniversityofZagreb,runningformorethanadecade.
Startingfromahistoricalperspective,theideaofunderstandinghumanlocomo-
tionbyapplyingtechnicalmeasurementdevicesandincorporatingmeasurementdata
intophysicalrepresentationofgrossbodymovementispresentedandexplained,an
approachknownasinversedynamics.Withinthisapproachasakindofanumbrella
concept, components of measurement systems including relevant signal and data
processingmethodsaredescribed.Moderninstrumentstocapturebodymovement
bymeasuringitskinematics,kineticsandsurfaceelectromyography(sEMG)arethus
described;allsystemsbeinguseddominantly—ifnotexclusively—inamovement
analysislaboratorysetting.
Focusing mainly on human posture and gait, but including also selected exam-
plesofmovementpatternsexhibitedduringperformanceofkinesiologicalandsports
activities, the book attempts to present essentials of biomechanics and biomedical
engineeringapproachtothissubjectmatter.Itillustrateshowdatacollectedandelab-
orated by modern engineering technology attainments can complement traditional
expertknowledgeofamedicaldoctororakinesiologist.Theexamplesofthisbook’s
practicalapplicationmightbe,forinstance,inevaluationofefficiencyofhumangait,
inevaluationoflocalskeletalmusclefatigueinphysicalexercise,inbiomechanical
assessment of traumatological conditions requiring orthopedic treatment, and the
like.Thebookisapplicableinthefieldsofsports,physicalactivities,aswellasin
medicaldiagnosticsandrehabilitation.
v
vi Preface
Measurement and Analysis of Human Locomotion is written by a multidisci-
plinaryauthorteamfromtheUniversityofZagreb,aZagreb-basedclinicalhospital
center, Kinematika—Polyclinic for Orthopedy, Physical Medicine and Rehabilita-
tioninZagreb,UniversityofSplit,andUniversityofSalerno,includingengineers,
medical doctors, a kinesiologist and a sport scientist. The book might be used in
planningandexecutingresearchendeavors,andinparticularinaclinicalcontextas
areferenceforvariousdiagnosticsprocedures.
Zagreb,Croatia VladimirMedved
Acknowledgement
Springer Nature is to be thanked for accepting this book project and conducting
it towards realization. Major actions and coordination were provided and have
contributed to successful production of the book. Among the staff at Springer, in
particular Christoph Baumann, Karthik Raj Selveraj, Parimelazhagan Thirumani,
and Coral Zhou, each in his/her respective capacity, have given special help and
support;itwasadelighttoworkwiththem.
VladimirMedved
Zagreb,Croatia
vii
Contents
1 Introduction .................................................. 1
VladimirMedved
2 HistoryoftheStudyofHumanLocomotionandElements
ofCurrentResearchMethodology .............................. 13
VladimirMedved
3 OnEvolutionandDevelopmentofHumanGait .................. 39
MarijaRakovac
4 From the Archives of Zagreb School of Biomechanics:
MeasuringBiomechanicalPropertiesofLumbosacralJoint
Specimens .................................................... 61
BorisBožic´
5 OnMeasuringKinematicsandKineticsofHumanLocomotion .... 77
VladimirMedved
6 The Principles of 3D Photogrammetry Systems Used
inHumanMotionCaptureandPosturalAssessment ............. 95
TomislavPribanic´
7 On Standardization of Pedobarographic Measurement
Protocols ..................................................... 129
VladimirMedvedandIgorGruic´
8 Pedobarography Combined with Computerized Shoe
Insole Design and Manufacture: Clinical Applications
inOrthopedicsandinSportsMedicine .......................... 139
MarkoPec´inaandMajaMirkovic´
9 KinesiologicalElectromyography ............................... 171
MarioCifrek,IgorGruic´,andVladimirMedved
10 GaitAnalysis ................................................. 219
VladimirMedved,RodolfoVastola,DanieleAlbano,andMarkoPec´ina
ix
x Contents
11 ConcernsofaModernOrthopedicTraumatologist ............... 257
NikicaDaraboš
12 StudyingSportiveMovementPatterns:SelectedExamples ........ 287
IgorGruic´
Appendices ....................................................... 299
Appendix A: ISB Recommendations for Standardization
intheReportingofKinematicData ..................... 301
AppendixB: ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint
Coordinate System of Various Joints
fortheReportingofHumanJointMotion—PartI:
Ankle,Hip,andSpine ................................. 309
AppendixC:ISB Recommendation on Definitions of Joint
Coordinate Systems of Various Joints
fortheReportingofHumanJointMotion—PartII:
Shoulder,Elbow,WristandHand ...................... 321
AppendixD:ISB Recommendations on the Reporting
of Intersegmental Forces and Moments During
HumanMotionAnalysis ............................... 343
AppendixE: StandardsforReportingEMGData .................... 363
Index ............................................................. 367