McMinn’s Concise Human Anatomy, Second Edition

289 Pages·2018·103.1 MB·English

by  David J A Heylings

McMinn’s Concise
Human Anatomy
Second Edition
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McMinn’s Concise
Human Anatomy
Second Edition
David Heylings Samuel Leinster
Honorary Senior Fellow at the Emeritus Professor of Medical
University of East Anglia Education
University of East Anglia University of East Anglia
Norwich, UK Norwich, UK
Stephen Carmichael Janak Saada
Professor Emeritus of Anatomy Consultant Radiologist
and Orthopedic Surgery Norfolk and Norwich University
Mayo Clinic Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust
Rochester, Minnesota, USA Norwich, UK
With anatomical preparations by: And photography by:
Bari M. Logan Ralph T. Hutchings
Formerly University Prosector Formerly Chief Medical Laboratory
Department of Anatomy Scientific Officer
University of Cambridge The Royal College of Surgeons
Cambridge, UK of England
and London, UK
Formerly Prosector
Department of Anatomy
The Royal College of Surgeons
of England
London, UK
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CRC Press
Taylor & Francis Group
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© 2018 by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC
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Contents
Foreword .......................................................................................................ix
Preface to the first edition ............................................................................xi
Preface to the second edition ....................................................................xiii
Acknowledgements .....................................................................................xv
Dissection credits .............................................................................................xv
1 Body form and function .............................................................................1
Introduction .......................................................................................................1
Anatomical terms ...............................................................................................2
Structural relationships .................................................................................2
Planes..............................................................................................................2
Special terms ..................................................................................................2
Systems ...............................................................................................................3
Musculoskeletal system  .................................................................................3
Integumentary system (integument) .............................................................4
Cardiovascular (circulatory) system ..............................................................4
Lymphatic system .........................................................................................5
Respiratory system ........................................................................................6
Digestive system ...........................................................................................6
Urinary system ..............................................................................................6
Reproductive system .....................................................................................6
Endocrine system ..........................................................................................7
Nervous system ..............................................................................................7
2 Bones and joints ......................................................................................11
Introduction .....................................................................................................11
Axial skeleton ...................................................................................................12
Skull ..............................................................................................................12
External surface of the base of the skull .....................................................14
Hyoid bone ...................................................................................................16
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vi Contents
Vertebrae ......................................................................................................16
Ribs and sternum .........................................................................................21
Appendicular skeleton ......................................................................................22
Upper limb bones .........................................................................................22
Lower limb bones ........................................................................................26
Summary ..........................................................................................................31
Questions ..........................................................................................................32
3 Head, neck and vertebral column ...........................................................35
Introduction .....................................................................................................35
Cranial cavity ...................................................................................................35
Osteological features of the mandible .........................................................40
Skull foramina ..................................................................................................40
Head and neck in sagittal section ...................................................................41
Brain, spinal cord and nerves ...........................................................................43
Brain .............................................................................................................43
Cranial nerves ..............................................................................................52
Spinal cord....................................................................................................55
Spinal nerves ................................................................................................59
Face and scalp ...................................................................................................62
Mouth ...........................................................................................................68
Nose and paranasal sinuses ..........................................................................69
Eye and lacrimal apparatus ..........................................................................73
Ear ................................................................................................................79
Neck and vertebral column ..............................................................................83
Thyroid and parathyroid glands ..................................................................90
Larynx ..........................................................................................................91
Pharynx ........................................................................................................93
Summary ..........................................................................................................95
Questions ..........................................................................................................95
4 Upper limb .............................................................................................101
Introduction ...................................................................................................101
Shoulder, axilla and arm.................................................................................101
Elbow, forearm and hand ...............................................................................112
Summary ........................................................................................................124
Questions ........................................................................................................125
5 Thorax ....................................................................................................129
Introduction ...................................................................................................129
Breasts .............................................................................................................132
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Contents vii
Diaphragm......................................................................................................132
Mediastinum ..................................................................................................134
Heart ...............................................................................................................140
Lungs and pleura ............................................................................................148
Summary ........................................................................................................151
Questions ........................................................................................................152
6 Abdomen ...............................................................................................157
Introduction ...................................................................................................157
Anterior abdominal wall ................................................................................157
Posterior abdominal wall ...............................................................................162
Abdominal vessels and nerves ........................................................................164
Abdominal viscera ..........................................................................................168
Stomach ......................................................................................................169
Small intestine ............................................................................................171
Large intestine ...........................................................................................172
Liver ...........................................................................................................175
Gallbladder and biliary tract .....................................................................177
Pancreas ......................................................................................................179
Kidneys and ureters ...................................................................................181
Adrenal glands ............................................................................................182
Spleen .........................................................................................................182
Summary ........................................................................................................183
Questions ........................................................................................................184
7 Pelvis and perineum ...............................................................................189
Introduction ...................................................................................................189
Pelvic organs ...................................................................................................196
Rectum and anal canal ...............................................................................196
Male pelvic organs .....................................................................................198
Female pelvic organs ......................................................................................202
Summary ........................................................................................................205
Questions ........................................................................................................206
8 Lower limb .............................................................................................209
Introduction ...................................................................................................209
Hip and thigh .................................................................................................209
Knee, leg and foot ..........................................................................................218
Summary ........................................................................................................238
Questions ........................................................................................................239
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viii Contents
Appendix A: Answers to questions ...........................................................243
Appendix B: Glossary: derivation of anatomical and other terms ...........253
Index ..........................................................................................................259
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Foreword
In the preface to the 1st edition of this book, been augmented, often in juxtaposition,
Professor McMinn described the need with relevant radiological images (plain
for a book that provides a short synopsis X-rays, CT, MR and 3-D reconstructions)
intended for those who need the essential that introduce the student to radiological
facts of Human Anatomy without the mass anatomy in preparation for their clinical
of detail that occupies so much of most studies. All illustrations are very well laid
anatomy texts. The need is even greater out and clearly labelled. The 2nd edition
now, with the continuing erosion of the now introduces students to the Anatomy
time allotted for the study of Anatomy in relevant to common minimally invasive
many medical schools. He also stated that interventional techniques, and students will
the surface of the body is all that most peo- find that the Summary at the end of most
ple (except surgeons) see of it. How things sections provides extremely useful pointers
have changed. The development and avail- towards the essential knowledge that they
ability of modern medical imaging mean need to acquire. Furthermore, the ‘clinical
that more clinicians than ever before have boxes’ clearly inform students why they
access to and, therefore, need to know the need to know the information presented
internal anatomy of the human body. The and how it is used. In short, this is a text for
authors of the 2nd edition have ensured a student to realistically read all of, and not
that its text remains concise and easy to simply dip into as a reference. It provides a
read, providing a basis for understanding the sound basis for developing an understand-
structure of the human body and not simply ing of Human Anatomy, well suited to stu-
learning a list of anatomical facts. Although dents of contemporary healthcare-related
the text remains concise, the 2nd edition courses.
contains welcome and valuable additions.
A strength of the 1st edition was the quality D. Ceri Davies
of the dissections illustrating the structure Professor of Anatomy
of the human body and their photographic Imperial College London
reproduction. These illustrations have now London, UK
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