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MATHEMATICS"-^
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GOLDEN
Mastering Arabic Numerals
A Workbook with Self-Teaching Text and Learning Exercises
by IRVING ADLER, Ph.D.
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TO THE PARENT AND TEACHER
—
MATHEMATICS GRADE 3 is based on a careful studyofthe methods used to teach mathe-
matics both in this country and abroad. The aim is to develop understanding as a founda-
tion for skill. The book includes the best practices found anywhere and has the freshness
and originality that are characteristic of all the author's books.
In this book, the third in a series of six addition and subtraction are extended to larger
,
numbers, and the first steps in multiplication and division are introduced. The book begins
with a quick review of the basic addition and subtraction facts, proceeds with several
methods of thinking out more advanced sums and differences, and ends with examples
based on the place-value concept. Multiplication is developed through ten times two, ten
times three, ten times four, and ten times five. The concept of division into equal groups
is applied to division into groups of two, three, four, and five. Drill exercises, often in the
form of games, are provided, with verbal problems and tests.
Other concepts and skills developed include: fourths, thirds, multiplication by one,
counting money, making change, use of the dollar sign, the calendar, telling time at five-
minute intervals, the thermometer, and measurement with a ruler.
To strengthen his understanding of number ideas, each child should work with groups
of objects in the ways suggested by the exercises in the book. A kit of suitable objects for
this purpose should include: several strings of beads, with ten beads on each string; card-
board squares, and strips containingten squares in a row; pennies, nickels, dimes, quarters,
and half-dollars; checkers, buttons, and dominoes.
ABOUT THE AUTHOR
Irving Adler received his Ph.D. in pure mathematics at Columbia University. He was a
teacher in the New York schools for twenty years, including six years as chairman of a high-
school mathematics department. Dr. Adler has taught at Columbia University and Benning-
ton College, and was the keynote speaker at the Washington conference of state super-
visors of mathematics, called by the U. S. Office of Education in June, 1961. He is the author
of about fifty books on mathematics, science, and education, and co-author of thirty more.
MATHEMATICS-GRADE
3
Mastering Arabic Numerals
A Workbook with Self-Teaching Text and Learning Exercises
by IRVING ADLER, Ph.D.
Author of The Giant Golden Book of Mathematics,
The New Mathematics, and Magic House of Numbers
Illustrated by Dick Martin
Copyright ©1965 Western Publishing Company, Inc.
All rights reserved.
GOLDEN®. GOLDEN® &DESIGN, andAGOLDEN BOOK®
aretrademarksofWesternPublishingCompany, Inc.
A GOLDEN® BOOK
Western Publishing Company, Inc.
Racine, Wisconsin 53404
Nopartotthisbook maybereproducedorcopied inanyform
withoutwritten permissionfromthepublisher. Produced inU.S.A.
Thirty-eighth Printing, 1983
One One Hundred
to
Write the numbers from one to one hundred on the beads of this frame.
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Woods
John Is lost In the woods. Help him Continue in this way, moving one
find his way home. Start in the box box at a time, to 3, 4, 5, and so on,
in the middle where the number 1 is. until you reach 35 on the road home.
Move one box up or down or right or When you have found the path out of
left or through a corner to a box with the woods, draw a line from box to
the number 2. ox to show it.
page 3
Counting by Twos, Fives, and Tens
Write the numbers you say when you
In the first square write
count by tens up to 100. Then put circles
— the number shown on the
around the numbers you say when you ••••• •••••
••••• • frame. Then count by twos
int by twenties.
up to 60.
Count by fives up to 100.
In the first square write
••••> M> the number shown on the
>•>•• «>
•••••
frame. Then count by fives
up to 100.
Write the number shown by the beads
on each frame.
•••••
In the first square write
••••• •••••
the number shown on the
—
••••• ••
frame. Then count by tens
up to 95.
page 4
Counting Money
A
\
One dime is worth 1 $. One nickel is worth *.
One penny worth One quarter worth
is *. is u
To find the value in cents of a group of coins, add 25 for each quarter, 10 for each
dime, 5 for each nickel, and 1 for each penny.
This is called counting money.
Example
10
Count the money shown in this picture.
Write under the coins the numbers you say as you count.
Value:
^W
*
S
W
2S
il
Itj
Count by fives until you have 25$. Cross out the coins left over.
One quarter is worth the same One quarter is worth dimes and a
as IT nickels. nickel.
You can exchange 1 nickels for one One dime is worth a nickel
dime. and *C pennies.
page 5
Dollars and Half Dollars
Count the money shown by each group
of coins. Under the coins write the num-
bers you say as you count.
The value of each quarter is shown
by the dimes and nickels at the right.
Count the dimes and nickels by tens and
fives to answer these questions:
One quarter worth
is
Two quarters are worth
Three quarters are worth
A dollar is worth the same as four
quarters.
A dollar is worth
This coin is worth half
A dollar is worth the same as
of a dollar. dimes.
worth
It is $,
A half dollar is worth the same as
or quarters. dimes.
page 6
Using a Dollar Sign
$1.00 means 1 dollar and no cents. $4.75 means dollars and cents.
$1.15 means dollar and 15 cents. $3.48 means dollars and cents.
$2.34 means dollars and cents. $7.29 means dollars and cents.
l$5.62 means dollars and cents. $8.56 means dollars and cents.
Change for a Half Dollar
John bought a book for 28*. He paid for it with a half dollar. The storekeeper put
out these coins for change, starting at the left.
Under the coins are the numbers he
said as he made change.
Count the change. worth
It is $.
Each of the purchases shown below was paid for with a half dollar. Use some of
the coins shown with each purchase to make change. Write under the coins you use
the numbers you say as you make change. Next cross out the coins you do not use.
Then count the change.
page 7
Each purchase below was paid for with a half dollar. Follow the directions on page
7 for making change.
The change
itself
worth
is
Price:
420
//
The change
V
itself
worth
is
tMM
i
Price:
170
Put five pennies, two nickels, and two dimes on your desk. Use the coins to make
change for each purchase. Then count the change to see how much it is worth.
Price: 240 A half dollar was paid. Price: 11* A quarter was paid.
There is in change. There is in change.
Price: 3€ * A half dollar was paid. Price: 16* A quarter was paid.
There is in change. There is in change.
Price: 3CH A half dollar was paid. Price: 12 A quarter was paid.
If
There change. There change.
is in is in
page 8
