Material Math

321 Pages·2012·3.35 MB·English

A Z
TO
OF
M
ATHEMATICIANS

NOTABLE SCIENTISTS
A Z
TO
OF
M
ATHEMATICIANS
T M E , Ph.D.
UCKER C LROY
A TO Z OF MATHEMATICIANS
Notable Scientists
Copyright © 2005 by Tucker McElroy, Ph.D.
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
McElroy, Tucker.
A to Z of mathematicians / Tucker McElroy.
p. cm.—(Notable scientists)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0-8160-5338-3 (acid-free paper)
1. Mathematicians—Biography. I. Title. II. Series.
QA28.M395 2005
510'.92'2—dc22
2004005460
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C
ONTENTS
List of Entries vii
Acknowledgments ix
Introduction xi
Entries A to Z 1
Entries by Field 260
Entries by Country of Birth 262
Entries by Country of Major Scientific Activity 264
Entries by Year of Birth 266
Chronology 269
Bibliography 273
Index 291

L E
IST OF NTRIES
Abel, Niels Henrik Cauchy, Augustin-Louis Gauss, Carl Friedrich
Adelard of Bath Cavalieri, Bonaventura Germain, Sophie
Agnesi, Maria Gaetana Chebyshev, Pafnuty Lvovich Gibbs, Josiah Willard
Alembert, Jean d’ Ch’in Chiu-Shao Gödel, Kurt Friedrich
Apollonius of Perga Chu Shih-Chieh Goldbach, Christian
Archimedes of Syracuse Dedekind, Richard Gosset, William
Aristarchus of Samos Democritus of Abdera Grassmann, Hermann
Aryabhata I De Morgan, Augustus Günter
Babbage, Charles Desargues, Girard Green, George
Bacon, Roger Descartes, René Gregory, James
Baire, René-Louis Diophantus of Alexandria Hamilton, Sir William Rowan
Banach, Stefan Dirichlet, Gustav Peter Hardy, Godfrey Harold
Barrow, Isaac Lejeune al-Haytham, Abu Ali
Bayes, Thomas Eratosthenes of Cyrene Heaviside, Oliver
Bernoulli, Daniel Euclid of Alexandria Hermite, Charles
Bernoulli, Jakob Eudoxus of Cnidus Hilbert, David
Bernoulli, Johann Euler, Leonhard Hipparchus of Rhodes
Bessel, Friedrich Wilhelm Fatou, Pierre-Joseph-Louis Hippocrates of Chios
Betti, Enrico Fermat, Pierre de Hopf, Heinz
Bhaskara II Ferrari, Ludovico Huygens, Christiaan
Birkhoff, George David Ferro, Scipione del Ibrahim ibn Sinan
Bolyai, János Fibonacci, Leonardo Jacobi, Carl
Bolzano, Bernhard Fisher, Sir Ronald Aylmer Jordan, Camille
Boole, George Fourier, Jean-Baptiste-Joseph al-Karaji, Abu
Borel, Émile Fréchet, René-Maurice al-Khwarizmi, Abu
Brahmagupta Fredholm, Ivar Klein, Felix
Brouwer, Luitzen Egbertus Jan Frege, Friedrich Ludwig Kovalevskaya, Sonya
Cantor, Georg Gottlob Kronecker, Leopold
Cardano, Girolamo Fubini, Guido Kummer, Ernst
Carnot, Lazare Galilei, Galileo Lagrange, Joseph-Louis
Cartan, Élie Galois, Evariste Laplace, Pierre-Simon
vii
viii A to Z of Mathematicians
Lebesgue, Henri-Léon Navier, Claude-Louis-Marie- Riesz, Frigyes
Legendre, Adrien-Marie Henri Russell, Bertrand
Leibniz, Gottfried Wilhelm Newton, Sir Isaac Seki Takakazu Kowa
von Noether, Emmy Steiner, Jakob
Leonardo da Vinci Oresme, Nicole Stevin, Simon
Lévy, Paul-Pierre Pappus of Alexandria Stokes, George Gabriel
Li Chih Pascal, Blaise Tartaglia, Niccolò
Lie, Sophus Peano, Giuseppe Thales of Miletus
Liouville, Joseph Pearson, Egon Sharpe Tsu Ch’ung-Chih
Lipschitz, Rudolf Peirce, Charles Venn, John
Lobachevsky, Nikolai Poincaré, Jules-Henri Viète, François
Lovelace, Augusta Ada Byron Poisson, Siméon-Denis Volterra, Vito
Maclaurin, Colin Pólya, George Wallis, John
Madhava of Sangamagramma Poncelet, Jean-Victor Weierstrass, Karl
Markov, Andrei Ptolemy, Claudius Weyl, Hermann
Menelaus of Alexandria Pythagoras of Samos Wiener, Norbert
Minkowski, Hermann Ramanujan, Srinivasa Aiyangar Yang Hui
Möbius, August Regiomontanus, Johann Yativrsabha
Moivre, Abraham de Müller Yule, George Udny
Monge, Gaspard Rheticus, Georg Zeno of Elea
Napier, John Riemann, Bernhard Zermelo, Ernst
A
CKNOWLEDGMENTS
I
thank God, who gives me strength and hope for advice on photographs. Finally, my thanks go
each day. I am grateful to my wife, Autumn, to Frank K. Darmstadt, Executive Editor, for his
who encouraged me to complete this book. great patience and helpfulness, as well as the rest
Thanks also go to Jim Dennison for title trans- of the Facts On File staff for their work in mak-
lations, as well as Diane Kit Moser and Lisa Yount ing this book possible.
ix