Table Of ContentTL 1.16
Issue 7
14 Feb 2014
MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Design Allowables Data Sheet
A Metallic Materials
B Threaded Fasteners
C Wire Ropes and Cables
D Wood
E Rivets
Issue Status
Iss
Date Change Description
No.
1 29/06/06 Initial Issue, Metallic Materials Only
Following Sections Added:
2 11/07/06 Threaded Fasteners
Wire Ropes & Cables
Wood
3 07/06/07 Following Section Added: Rivets
Notes on Blind Rivets added.
Following Steels Added:
4 27/06/07
S510
S514
S515
T45
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Issue 7
14 Feb 2014
MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Correction to lb.in to N.mm conversion
5 01/11/07 factor. Affects bolt and plywood bending
allowables.
6 18/01/08 Notes on 4340 temper levels added
7 14/02/14
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Issue 7
14 Feb 2014
MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
A Metallic Materials
IMPORTANT: Guidelines For Use
1. The Design Allowable strengths presented here are taken from
Data Sources acceptable to the LAA.
Within each material designation, considerable variation in
properties may occur, due to the factors listed below. The
values chosen represent the worst case figures from all of
the cases provided by the relevant Data Sources.
As worst case data is provided, it may be possible for any
specific case, to find allowables considerably higher than
those given. Using low allowables will increase the weight
of the item being designed.
If weight-saving is of high importance in the design, then
it is recommended that the user goes directly to the
original Data Sources to obtain higher allowables.
For example, for small modifications or repair schemes, the
weight penalty involved in using these allowable, will be
small, but for a major mod or a completely new airframe
design, the weight penalty may be significant.
2. Where these LAA design allowables are used in a submission
or report to the LAA, the user should include a reference to
this data sheet.
3. All of the figures given are for room temperature
applications only. The user should seek relevant specific
data for elevated temperature applications.
4. For each material designation, a list of heat treatments and
temper conditions is provided. The design allowable given is
the worst case for all of the conditions listed. If the user
has a material condition not listed, the LAA allowable
should not be used, and a relevant specific figure obtained
elsewhere.
5. Yield strengths should be compared with Limit Loads, and
Ultimate strengths should be compared with Ultimate Loads.
6. The Young’s Modulus figures quoted are lowest value. This
will be conservative when using the value to calculate
buckling loads.
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Issue 7
14 Feb 2014
MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
7. The density figures quoted are lowest value. This WILL NOT
be conservative from a weight estimation point of view.
8. Down factored allowables must be used in the heat affected
zone of welded structures. If not given on this data sheet
for the material in question, then the LAA allowable should
not be used and a relevant specific figure obtained
elsewhere.
9. The correct abbreviation for each quantity, in the
applicable Data Source, is given.
Factors Affecting Design Allowables from Data Sources
•
Material Shape and Form:- The thickness of a material can
have a large effect on it’s allowable strength. The way
in which it was formed (e.g. rolled or extruded) can also
have an influence.
•
Anisotropy:- The strength of some metals can vary
dependent on the direction of the applied load, relative
to the crystal structure (i.e. grain) of the metal.
•
Heat Treatment:- Heat treatment or temper conditions can
have a dramatic effect on the properties of metal alloys.
•
Statistical Basis:- Design data is generated from large
numbers of physical tests. The more samples tested, the
higher the confidence that can be assigned to the figures
obtained. The statistical basis of the data concerns the
number of samples, and the way in which the resulting
data is manipulated to obtain the design allowable. The
three bases usually quoted are named A, B and S. The LAA
design allowables are the lowest figure of all the bases
quoted in the Data Source.
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Issue 7
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MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Contents
Steels
AISI 4130 (Normalised, tempered & stress relieved)
AISI 4130 (Quenched & tempered)
AISI 4130 Welded allowables
AISI 4340
S 96
S 99
S 510
S 514
S 515
T 45
Aluminium Alloys
AISI 2014
AISI 2024
AISI 6061
AISI 7075
L 114
L 163 (was L 72)
L 168 (was L 65)
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Issue 7
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MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Steels
Material Designation 4130
Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H
Data Source Reference
Table 2.3.1.0(C1)
Sheet, Strip, Plate
Available Forms
& Tubing
Normalised,
Heat Treatments and Tempers Tempered & Stress-
Relieved
3
Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0
E
GPa 200
3
lb/in 0.283
ω
Density
3
g/cm 7.83
Ultimate Tensile ksi 90
Ftu
Strength MPa 621
ksi 70
Tensile Yield Strength Fty
MPa 483
Ultimate Shear ksi 54
Fsu
Strength MPa 372
Ultimate Bearing ksi 190
Fbru
Strength MPa 1310
ksi 120
Yield Bearing Strength Fbry
MPa 827
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Issue 7
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MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Material Designation 4130
Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H
Data Source Reference
Table 2.3.1.0(C2)
Available Forms Tubing
Heat Treatments and Tempers Quenched & Tempered
3
Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0
E
GPa 200
3
lb/in 0.283
ω
Density
3
g/cm 7.83
Ultimate Tensile ksi 125
Ftu
Strength MPa 862
ksi 100
Tensile Yield Strength Fty
MPa 689
Ultimate Shear ksi 75
Fsu
Strength MPa 517
Ultimate Bearing ksi 194
Fbru
Strength MPa 1338
ksi 146
Yield Bearing Strength Fbry
MPa 1007
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Issue 7
14 Feb 2014
MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Material Designation 4130
Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H
Data Source Reference
Table 8.2.2.1.1 (a)
Available Forms -
Welded (Heat
Affected Zone)
Heat Treatments and Tempers
No heat treatment
after welding.
Ultimate Tensile ksi 72
Ftu
Strength MPa 496
Ultimate Shear ksi 43
Fsu
Strength MPa 296
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MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Material Designation 4340
Mil-Hdbk-5 Iss H
Data Source Reference
Table 2.3.1.0(f1)
Bar, Forging &
Available Forms
Tubing
Quenched & Tempered
Heat Treatments and Tempers
N.B SEE NOTE BELOW
3
Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.0
E
GPa 200
3
lb/in 0.283
ω
Density
3
g/cm 7.83
Ultimate Tensile ksi 260
Ftu
Strength MPa 1793
ksi 217
Tensile Yield Strength Fty
MPa 1496
Ultimate Shear ksi 156
Fsu
Strength MPa 1076
Ultimate Bearing ksi 347
Fbru
Strength MPa 2392
ksi 312
Yield Bearing Strength Fbry
MPa 2151
NOTE
4340 can be obtained in a variety of heat treatment
conditions.
This reference quotes the HIGHEST only.
Contact LAA Engineering if using a lower heat treatement or
normalised 4340.
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MATERIAL ALLOWABLE STRENGTH DATA
Material Designation S 96
ESDU 00-932 Iss 2.
Data Source Reference
1988
Available Forms Bars & Forgings
Heat Treatments and Tempers
3
Young’s Modulus X 10 ksi 29.6
E
GPa 204
3
lb/in 0.284
ρ
Density
3
g/cm 7.86
Ultimate Tensile ksi 123
ft
Strength MPa 849
ksi 99
Tensile Yield Strength t2
MPa 680
Ultimate Shear ksi 81
fso
Strength MPa 560
Ultimate Bearing ksi
Strength MPa
ksi 141
Yield Bearing Strength b10
MPa 973
Page 10 of 84
Description:Jan 18, 2008 Design Allowables Data Sheet. A. Metallic Materials. B. Threaded Fasteners. C.
Wire Ropes and Cables. D. Wood. E. Rivets. Issue Status. Iss.
