Masterplan apă-canal

595 Pages·2014·6.56 MB·Romanian

by  Monica Melinte

Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului
„Extinderea si modernizarea sistemelor de apa si
apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

Plan master al apei si canalizarii in judetul Covasna - versiune
definitiva

July 2014
SC Gospodarie Comunala SA

Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului
„Extinderea si modernizarea sistemelor de apa si
297462 EUNA ERA 105 A
apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”
C:\Documente\Covasna\Proiect\Livrabile\MP versiune finala\Plan master
versiune finala.docx
20 July 2014

Plan master al apei si canalizarii in judetul Covasna - versiune
definitiva

July 2014

SC Gospodarie Comunala SA

str. Bánki Donát, nr. 27, 520031, Sfantu Gheorghe, Judetul Covasna
Mott MacDonald, Mott MacDonald House, 8-10 Sydenham Road, Croydon CR0 2EE, United Kingdom
T [phone] F [phone], www.mottmac.com

Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului „Extinderea si
modernizarea sistemelor de apa si apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

Inregistrarea elaborarii si revizuirii
Editie Data Elaborare Verificare Aprobare Descriere
A 21/07/2014 Echipa master plan Monica Melinte Dan Laptes Prima editie

Acest document este elaborat pentru partea care l-a contractat Noi nu acceptam nici o responsabilitate pentru consecintele
si pentru anumite scopuri specifice si fiind in stricta legatura cu utilizarii acestui document de catre oricare alta parte, sau
proiectul mentionat mai sus. Nici o alta parte nu ar trebui sa se pentru utilizarea sa pentru orice alte scopuri, sau pentru erorile
bazeze pe acest document si el nu ar trebui utilizat in alte si omisiunile datorate unor erori sau omisiuni in datele furnizate
scopuri decat cele pentru care a fost elaborat. noua de catre alte parti.
Acest document contine informatii confidentiale si proprietate
intelectuala. Acesta nu ar trebui aratat altor parti fara
consimtamantul nostru si al partii care l-a contractat.
Mott MacDonald, Mott MacDonald House, 8-10 Sydenham Road, Croydon CR0 2EE, United Kingdom
T [phone] F [phone], www.mottmac.com

Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului „Extinderea si
modernizarea sistemelor de apa si apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

Cuprins
Capitol Titlu Pagina
Sumar executiv i
1. Introducere 1
1.1 Cadrul Proiectului ___________________________________________________________________ 3
1.1.1 Cadrul general _____________________________________________________________________ 3
1.1.2 Atribuirea proiectului _________________________________________________________________ 4
1.1.3 Obiectivele proiectului _______________________________________________________________ 5
1.1.4 Scopul serviciilor ___________________________________________________________________ 6
1.1.5 Partile interesate ___________________________________________________________________ 6
1.1.6 Alte programe relevante ______________________________________________________________ 8
1.2 Obiectivul general si abordarea pentru elaborarea PM ______________________________________ 9
1.3 Structura raportului _________________________________________________________________ 10
2. Analiza situatiei actuale 12
2.1 Rezumat _________________________________________________________________________ 12
2.2 Aria proiectului ____________________________________________________________________ 12
2.3 Caracteristici naturale _______________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1 Mediul inconjurator _________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1.1 Aer _____________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1.2 Apa _____________________________________________________________________________ 15
2.3.1.3 Solul ____________________________________________________________________________ 16
2.3.2 Clima ___________________________________________________________________________ 16
2.3.2.1 Radiatii solare _____________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.2 Temperatura ______________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.3 Umiditatea _______________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.4 Precipitatii ________________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.5 Vanturi predominante _______________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.6 Zgomotul ________________________________________________________________________ 17
2.3.2.7 Concluzii _________________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.3 Relief si topografie _________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.3.1 Zona muntoasa ___________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.3.2 Zona depresionara _________________________________________________________________ 18
2.3.4 Seismologie ______________________________________________________________________ 19
2.3.5 Geologie, hidrologie si hidrogelologie ___________________________________________________ 19
2.3.5.1 Geologie _________________________________________________________________________ 19
2.3.5.2 Hidrologie ________________________________________________________________________ 20
2.3.5.3 Hidrogeologie _____________________________________________________________________ 21
2.3.6 Ecologie si zone naturale protejate ____________________________________________________ 21
2.3.6.1 Zone critice din punct de vedere al poluarii aerului ________________________________________ 21
2.3.6.2 Zone critice din punct de vedere al poluarii apelor de suprafata si inundatii______________________ 21
2.3.6.3 Zone critice din punct de vedere al poluarii apelor subterane ________________________________ 21
2.3.6.4 Zone critice din punct de vedere al degradarii/poluarii solului ________________________________ 21
2.3.6.5 Zone care necesita reconstructie ecologica ______________________________________________ 21
2.3.6.6 Rezervatii naturale _________________________________________________________________ 21
2.4 Infrastructura _____________________________________________________________________ 23
297462/EUNA/ERA/105/A 20 July 2014
C:\Documente\Covasna\Proiect\Livrabile\MP versiune finala\Plan master versiune finala.docx
Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului „Extinderea si
modernizarea sistemelor de apa si apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

2.4.1 Transport ________________________________________________________________________ 23
2.4.2 Telecomunicatii ___________________________________________________________________ 24
2.4.3 Economie si industrie _______________________________________________________________ 24
2.4.4 Energia __________________________________________________________________________ 25
2.5 Evaluare socio-economica ___________________________________________________________ 25
2.5.1 Profilul socio-economic al Romaniei ____________________________________________________ 25
2.5.1.1 Populatia si conditiile de trai __________________________________________________________ 25
2.5.1.2 Economia nationala ________________________________________________________________ 27
2.5.1.3 Venitul si cheltuielile gospodariei ______________________________________________________ 30
2.5.1.4 Perspectiva macroeconomica ________________________________________________________ 38
2.5.2 Profilul socio-economic al Regiunii 7 – Centru ____________________________________________ 40
2.5.2.1 Structura administrativa _____________________________________________________________ 40
2.5.2.2 Populatia ________________________________________________________________________ 41
2.5.2.3 Economia regionala ________________________________________________________________ 43
2.5.2.4 Politica de dezvoltare regionala _______________________________________________________ 53
2.5.2.5 Previziunea macroeconomica pentru Regiunea centru _____________________________________ 57
2.5.3 Profilul socio-economic al judetului Covasna _____________________________________________ 59
2.5.3.1 Structurile administrative ____________________________________________________________ 59
2.5.3.2 Populatia ________________________________________________________________________ 60
2.5.3.3 Economia judetului _________________________________________________________________ 62
2.5.3.4 Profilul economic al principalelor zone urbane din Zona Proiectului ____________________________ 72
2.6 Evaluarea Cadrului Institutional si Legal_________________________________________________ 73
2.6.1 Cadrul General Administrativ _________________________________________________________ 73
2.6.1.1 Fundamentul Autoritatilor Publice din Romania ___________________________________________ 73
2.6.1.2 Gestionarea si Implementarea Fondurilor UE ____________________________________________ 73
2.6.2 Cadrul Legal ______________________________________________________________________ 74
2.6.2.1 Legislatia Europeana _______________________________________________________________ 75
2.6.2.2 Legislatia Nationala ________________________________________________________________ 75
2.6.2.3 Armonizarea legislatiei nationale cu Legislatia UE (Tratatul de Aderare) ________________________ 78
2.6.2.4 Tratate si Conventii Internationale _____________________________________________________ 80
2.6.3 Institutii de Mediu __________________________________________________________________ 81
2.6.3.1 Politica de Protectie a mediului _______________________________________________________ 81
2.6.3.2 Structura institutionala ______________________________________________________________ 82
2.6.4 Operarorii de apa si canalizare ________________________________________________________ 84
2.6.4.1 Fundamentul domeniului apei potabile si apelor uzate ______________________________________ 84
2.6.4.2 Utilitati locale _____________________________________________________________________ 85
2.6.5 Tarife Existente ___________________________________________________________________ 89
2.7 Resurse de apa ___________________________________________________________________ 89
2.7.1 Generalitati _______________________________________________________________________ 89
2.7.2 Resursele de apa teoretice si tehnic utilizabile ____________________________________________ 90
2.7.2.1 Resurse de apa de suprafata (2011) ___________________________________________________ 91
2.7.2.2 Rezerve de ape subterane tehnic utilizabile (2011) ________________________________________ 91
2.7.3 Cerinta de apa pe surse si utilizari _____________________________________________________ 91
2.7.4 Apele de suprafata _________________________________________________________________ 91
2.7.4.1 Indicatori de calitate ai corpurilor de apa de suprafata ______________________________________ 93
2.7.5 Lacuri ___________________________________________________________________________ 95
2.7.6 Apele subterane ___________________________________________________________________ 95
2.7.7 Apa potabila si apa de imbaiere _______________________________________________________ 96
2.7.8 Apa potabila ______________________________________________________________________ 96
2.8 Poluarea Apei _____________________________________________________________________ 97
297462/EUNA/ERA/105/A 20 July 2014
C:\Documente\Covasna\Proiect\Livrabile\MP versiune finala\Plan master versiune finala.docx
Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului „Extinderea si
modernizarea sistemelor de apa si apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

2.8.1 Surse majore de poluare ____________________________________________________________ 97
2.8.2 Apele uzate si retelele de canalizare. Tratarea apelor uzate ________________________________ 100
2.8.3 Substante poluante si indicatori de poluare in apele uzate__________________________________ 101
2.8.4 Poluari accidentale ________________________________________________________________ 104
2.9 Consumul Curent de Apa ___________________________________________________________ 104
2.10 Infrastructura existenta si performanta curenta __________________________________________ 106
2.10.1 Infrastructura de alimentare cu apa ___________________________________________________ 106
2.10.1.1 Surse de apa ____________________________________________________________________ 106
2.10.1.2 Tratarea apei ____________________________________________________________________ 121
2.10.1.3 Stocarea apei si statii de pompare ____________________________________________________ 134
2.10.1.4 Transportul apei __________________________________________________________________ 143
2.10.1.5 Distributia apei ___________________________________________________________________ 151
2.10.1.6 Contorizarea apei _________________________________________________________________ 163
2.10.2 Infrastructura canalizarii ____________________________________________________________ 170
2.10.2.1 Colectarea apelor uzate ____________________________________________________________ 170
2.10.2.2 Tratarea apelor uzate ______________________________________________________________ 188
2.10.2.3 Eliminarea namolurilor _____________________________________________________________ 211
2.10.3 Infrastructura pentru apa uzata industriala ______________________________________________ 219
2.11 Suficienta datelor _________________________________________________________________ 219
2.12 Concluzii ________________________________________________________________________ 219
3. Perspective 221
3.1 Rezumat ________________________________________________________________________ 221
3.2 Metodologie si ipoteze _____________________________________________________________ 221
3.2.1 Strategia de abordare pentru definirea aglomerarilor ______________________________________ 221
3.2.1.1 Consideratii generale ______________________________________________________________ 221
3.2.1.2 Consideratii specifice ______________________________________________________________ 223
3.2.2 Criterii pentru definirea aglomerarilor __________________________________________________ 225
3.2.3 Limitele/granitele aglomerarii ________________________________________________________ 225
3.2.4 Sumar aglomerari definite pentru judetul Covasna ________________________________________ 227
3.3 Proiectii Socio-Economice __________________________________________________________ 236
3.3.1 Perspectivele si prognoza pentru dezvoltarea economica __________________________________ 236
3.3.2 Proiectiile demografice la nivel regional si judetean _______________________________________ 237
3.3.3 Proiectiile venitului gospodariilor populatie ______________________________________________ 239
3.4 Proiectia cererii de apa _____________________________________________________________ 240
3.4.1 Cererea casnica __________________________________________________________________ 240
3.4.2 Cererea non-casnica ______________________________________________________________ 241
3.4.3 Bilantul apei si pierderile apa ________________________________________________________ 241
3.4.3.1 Date de la operator ________________________________________________________________ 243
3.4.3.2 Pierderi reale de apa ______________________________________________________________ 244
3.4.3.3 Apa nefacturata __________________________________________________________________ 247
3.4.4 Sumarul previziunilor privind cerinta de apa _____________________________________________ 248
3.5 Debitul de apa uzata si incarcarile previzionate __________________________________________ 252
3.5.1 General _________________________________________________________________________ 252
3.5.2 Apa uzata menajera _______________________________________________________________ 253
3.5.3 Apa uzata nemenajera _____________________________________________________________ 253
3.5.4 Infiltratii _________________________________________________________________________ 254
3.5.5 Apa pluviala _____________________________________________________________________ 254
3.5.6 Bazine vidanjabile ________________________________________________________________ 254
3.5.7 Sumar al incarcarilor si debitului de apa uzata ___________________________________________ 255
297462/EUNA/ERA/105/A 20 July 2014
C:\Documente\Covasna\Proiect\Livrabile\MP versiune finala\Plan master versiune finala.docx
Asistenta tehnica pentru managementul proiectului „Extinderea si
modernizarea sistemelor de apa si apa uzata in Judetul Covasna”

3.6 Concluzii ________________________________________________________________________ 255
4. Obiective nationale si judetene 256
4.1 Introducere ______________________________________________________________________ 256
4.2 Obiectivele nationale privind apa potabila si apele uzate ___________________________________ 256
4.2.1 Alimentarea cu apa________________________________________________________________ 257
4.2.2 Apa uzata _______________________________________________________________________ 259
4.2.3 Regionalizarea ___________________________________________________________________ 261
4.3 Referinte la alte Strategii si Planuri Nationale sau Regionale ________________________________ 261
4.3.1 Contextul Hidrografic ______________________________________________________________ 261
4.3.2 Zone de Protectia Mediului __________________________________________________________ 262
4.4 Obiective regionale privind apa potabila si apele uzate ____________________________________ 262
4.4.1 Alte obiective din programe _________________________________________________________ 263
4.4.1.1 Programul SAMTID _______________________________________________________________ 263
4.4.1.2 SAPARD ________________________________________________________________________ 263
4.4.1.3 Programul LIFE __________________________________________________________________ 263
4.4.1.4 FGM (Facilitate Globala pentru Mediu)_________________________________________________ 264
4.4.1.5 Fondul National de Mediu ___________________________________________________________ 264
4.4.1.6 Activitati de cercetare in domeniul mediului _____________________________________________ 264
4.4.1.7 POS Mediu 2007 - 2013 ____________________________________________________________ 265
4.5 Obiective la nivel de judet privind apa potabila si apele uzate _______________________________ 266
4.5.1 Obiective judetene speciale in sectorul alimentarii cu apa __________________________________ 267
4.5.2 Obiective speciale judetene pentru sistemul de colectare a apelor uzate ______________________ 268
4.5.3 Gestionarea Namolului _____________________________________________________________ 269
4.6 Concluzii ________________________________________________________________________ 269
5. Analiza optiunilor 271
5.1 Rezumat ________________________________________________________________________ 271
5.2 Metodologii si ipoteze ______________________________________________________________ 271
5.2.1 Alimentare cu apa ________________________________________________________________ 271
5.2.1.1 Solutii centralizatoare versus solutii descentralizatoare ____________________________________ 271
5.2.1.2 Citerii de definire a sistemelor de alimentare cu apa ______________________________________ 272
5.2.2 Canalizare ______________________________________________________________________ 273
5.2.2.1 Solutii centralizatoare versus solutii descentralizatoare ____________________________________ 273
5.3 Evaluarea optiunilor _______________________________________________________________ 282
5.3.1 Amplasamente ___________________________________________________________________ 282
5.3.2 Optiuni tehnologice ________________________________________________________________ 283
5.3.2.1 Alimentare cu apa ________________________________________________________________ 283
5.3.2.2 Canalizare – epurare ______________________________________________________________ 283
5.4 Optiuni propuse __________________________________________________________________ 285
5.4.1 Infrastructura de alimentare cu apa ___________________________________________________ 285
5.4.1.1 Zona de alimentare cu apa Sfantu Gheorghe ____________________________________________ 285
5.4.1.2 Zona de alimentare cu apa Targu Secuiesc _____________________________________________ 286
5.4.1.3 Zona de alimentare cu apa Baraolt ___________________________________________________ 292
5.4.1.4 Zona de alimentare cu apa Covasna __________________________________________________ 298
5.4.1.5 Zona de alimentare cu apa Intorsura Buzaului ___________________________________________ 310
5.4.2 Infrastructura de canalizare _________________________________________________________ 312
5.5 Concluzii ________________________________________________________________________ 313
5.5.1 Infrastructura de alimentare cu apa ___________________________________________________ 313
297462/EUNA/ERA/105/A 20 July 2014
C:\Documente\Covasna\Proiect\Livrabile\MP versiune finala\Plan master versiune finala.docx