MASTER Study and Realization of a Multiband Microstrip Antenna

51 Pages·2012·1.94 MB·English

People’s Democratic Republic of Algeria
Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research
University M’Hamed BOUGARA – Boumerdes
Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Department of Electronics
Final Year Project Report Presented in Partial Fulfilment of
the Requirements for the Degree of
MASTER
In Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Option: Telecommunications
Title:
Study and Realization of a Multiband
Microstrip Antenna
Presented by:
- RAMI Youcef
- HAFFADH Hichem
Supervisor:
Mr DEHMAS Mokrane
Registration Number: /2016
……....
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First and foremost, we are thankful to God, the most merciful, the most
beneficent at times when it seemed impossible to go on.
We would like to express our deep sinceregratitude to our supervisor
Mr. DehmasMokrane for his support and guidance through this
project. It has been a privilege to work under his supervision. Thank you
very much.His assistance was invaluable
We extend our sincere thanks to Dr. Arab AZRAR, for his
constant guidance and encouragement and gracefully providing us with all
facilities and access to the resources vital to the completion of this project.
We finally extend our sincere thanks the telecommunications Lab in
Charge Miss. F. MOUHOUCHE, for her constant guidance and
encouragement and gracefully providing us with all facilities in the
implementation of our project and access to the resources vital to the
completion of this project .Her assistance was invaluable
Last but not least, we are infinitely grateful to our family members,
particularly our parents for patience and encouragement without
forgetting all our friends.
YoucefandHichem
I
Dedication
I would like to dedicate this work:
To my lovely father God bless him
To my lovely mother
To all my lovely grandmother God bless her
To My brother
To All my dear friends
Youcef
II
Dedication
I dedicate this work to my parents whom stood always
supervising me during my study, helping me , advising me ,and
whenever I lost hope they encouraged me, until this moment.
I also dedicate this project to my smaller brothers and
sisters and my friends Ismail and Abu-Bakr for helping me, and
to all my friends and classmates and everyone who helped me or
whished for me a success.
Hichem
III
List of figures
Chapter 1: Generalities on antennas
Figure 1.1 Graphical determination of the frequency bandwith …..……………..4
Figure 1.2 Basic structure of a microstrip antenna. …..…………………………..8
Figure 1.3 Different shapes of microstrip patch. …..……………………………..8
Figure1.4Microstrip feeding using line feed. …..…………………………….....11
Figure 1.5 Probe feed for a rectangular microstrip patch antenna. …..…………...12
Figure1.6 Aperture-coupled feed technique.…..…………………………………12
Figure1.7Proximity-coupled Feed technique.…..……………………………….13
Figure 1.8 Microstrip line model. …..…………………………………………….14
Figure1.9 Magneticwall model of microstrip patch antenna. …..……………....14
Chapter 2: Multiband Microstrip Antennas and Used
Simulation and Experimental Tools
Figure2.1Simulated antenna illustration using IE3D.…..…………………….……..21
Figure 2.2 Designed antenna. …..……………………………………………………..22
Figure 2.3 Performed measurements using the ZNB20vector network analyzer. …...23
Chapter 3: Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna Analysis
Figure 3.1 Berber-Z microstrip patch antenna investigated configuration.…..………25
Figure3.2 Berber-Z designed antenna. …..……………………………………………25
Figure3.3Performed measurements using the vector network analyzer. …..…………26
Figure3.4SIMULATED return loss.…..……………………………………………...27
Figure3.5Measured return loss (displayed by the Vector network analyzer). …..……27
Figure3.6Comparison of simulated and measured return. …..……………………….28
Figure3.7Measured and simulated VSWR versus frequency.…..…………………….29
Figure3.8 Input impedance. …..……………………………………………………….30
Figure 3.9 Current distributions at 0.96 GHz. …..……………………………………...31
Figure 3.10 Current distributions at 2.45 GHz. …..…………………………………….31
Figure 3.11 Current distributions at 4.11 GHz. …..…………………………………….32
Figure 3.12Radiation Pattern at 0.96GHz …..…………………………………………33
Figure3.13Radiation Pattern at 2.45GHz …..………………………………………….34
Figure3.14Radiation Pattern at 4.11GHz.…..…………………………………………35
Figure 3.15 3-D Radiation pattern at 0.96 GHz. …..…………………………………….36
Figure 3.16The 3-D Radiation pattern at 2.45 GHz.…..………………………………..37
Figure 3.17 The 3-D Radiation pattern at 4.11 GHz.…..………………………………..37
List of tables
Table 1.1 Some Substrate materials and their prosperities.…..…………..….16
Table 2.1 Frequency bands for mobile communication applications. …..……19
Table 2.2 Microwave letter banddesignation.…..……………………………..20
Table 3.1 Measured and simulated bands characteristics. …..………………..28
Table 3.2 Measured and simulated VSWR bands characteristics. …..……….30
Table 3.3The Antenna radiation pattern properties at the resonant frequencies...34
Table of Contents
Acknowledgements…………………………………………………………………………..I
Dedication 1……………………………………………………………………………….…II
Dedication 2……………………………………………………………………………….…III
List of figures ……………………………………………………………………..…………IV
List of tables…………………………………………………………………...……….……V
Table of Content……………………………………………………………………………..VI
Abstract……………………………………………………………………………………..VII
General Introduction.………………………………………………………………………..1
Chapter 1: Generalities on Antennas
1.1 Introduction …………………………..…………………………………………………..2
1.2Antenna parameters ………………………………….…………………………………..2
1.2.1 Input impedance……………………………………….………………………………..2
1.2.2Return loss ………………………………………………………………………………3
1.2.3Voltage standing wave ratio …………………………………………………………….3
1.2.4Antenna bandwidth …………………….……………………………………………….4
1.2.5Radiation pattern ……………...………………………………………………………...5
1.2.6 Directivity………………………………………………………………………………5
1.2.7Polarization……………………………………………………………………………...5
1.2.8Antenna gain………………………………………………………………………..…...6
1.2.9(-3dB) Beamwidth (∆ …………………………………………………………….…...6
1.3. Microstrip antenna….……………………………………………………………..……..7
)
1.3.1Brief history on microstrip Antenna.……………………………………………………7
1.3.2Microstrip antenna description………………………………………………….………7
1.3.3 Basic structor of microstrip antenna ………………………………………………….8
1.3.4 Advantages and disadvantages…..…………………………………………………..…..9
1.4.Feeding methods….……...……………………………………………………………....10
1.4.1.Microstrip feed line……………………………………..……………………………..11
1.4.2.Coaxial feed ……..…………………………………………………………..……..…11
1.4.3.Aperture feed method…………………………………………………………………..12
1.4.4.Proximity model…………………………………………………………………...…..13
1.5.Method of analysis ………………………………………………………….…………..13
1.5.1.Transmission line method ……………………………………………………………..14
1.5.2.Cavity model…………………………………………………………………………...14
1.5.3.Full wave method………………………………………………………………………15
1.6.Selection of the substrate material………………………………………………………15
Chapter 2: Multiband Microstrip Antennas and Used
Simulation and Experimental Tools
2.1. Multiband microstrip antenna…………………………….………………………….....17
2.2.Definition ofamultiband antenna …...…………………………………………………18
2.3.Application of multiband microstrip antennas …...…………………………………..…18
2.4.Frequency range and their application ……………………..…………………………...19
2.5.Antenna under study……………………………………………………………………..20
2.6.Computer aided design …………………………………………………………………..21
2.7.Experimental tools ………………………………………………………………...........21
2.7.1.MITS PCB prototyping machine ...…………………………........................................22
2.7.2.Vector Network Analyzer…………………………….…………………….………….23
Chapter 3: Multiband Microstrip Antennas Analysis
3.1. Introduction…………………………………………………….……………….…….....24
3.2. Antennadescription ...………………………………………………….………………24
3.3.Simulated results and discussion… …………………………………………………..…26
3.3.1.Return loss……………………………. ……………………..…………..…………....26
3.3.2.VSWR……………..…………………….……………………………………………..29
3.3.3. Input impedance………….. …………………………………………………..………30
3.3.4.Current distribution ……………………………………………………………….....31
3.3.5.2D Radiation patterns…………………….…..………………...................................32
3.3.63D radiation pattern ……………………………….…………………….…………...36
3.4conclusion …………………………..………………………….......................................37
General Conclusion………..…………………………….…………………….………….38
References…………..………..………………….…………………….…………….……..39