Master Plan of Haor Areas, in 2012 Volume II

266 Pages·2012·4.62 MB·English

Draft Final

Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Ministry of Water Resources

Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
Master Plan of Hao r Areas
Volume II

Main Report

April, 2012

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Government of the People’s Republic of Bangladesh
Ministry of Water Resources
Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board

Master Plan of Haor Areas

Volume II
Main Report

April, 2012
Master Plan of Haor Areas
Volumes

1 Volume I: Summary Report
2 Volume II: Main Report
3 Volume III: Investment Project Portfolio
4 Annexes
Annex 1: Water Resources
Annex 2: Agriculture
Annex 3: Fisheries
Annex 4: Pearl Culture
Annex 5: Livestock
Annex 6: Forest
Annex 7: Bio-diversity and Wetland Management
Annex 8: Transportation (Road and Inland Navigation)
Annex 9: Mineral Resources
Annex 10: Health and Nutrition
Annex 11: Industry
Annex 12: Education
Annex 13: Water Supply and Sanitation
Annex 14: Social Services and Facilities
Annex 15: Power and Energy
Annex 16: Housing and Settlement
Annex 17: Tourism
Annex 18: Transboundary River Systems of Haor Area
Annex 19: Climate Change Scenario of Haor Area
Annex 20: Morphology
Annex 21: Social Life and Livelihood of Haor area
Glossary
Aman Monsoon rice crop cultivated during July-August and harvested in mid
December
Aus Pre-monsoon rice crop grown in Kharif I season, transplanted during mid April-
mid May and harvested during mid July-mid August
B Aman Broadcast or deepwater Aman
Baor Baors are oxbow lakes, formed by dead arms of rivers
Beel Beels are shallow lakes, which form in the lowest parts of the haor; sometimes
these are perennial but more often seasonal. The water surfaces are contiguous
with the groundwater table and beels that are sustained from groundwater to a
large extent. Surface water also collects in the beels during wet season, often
spilling out into the main river system through khals.
Bondh Crop land
Boro Rice grown during the dry winter season, transplanted during January-mid
February and harvested during mid May
Country boat Wood hull boat of traditional design; capacity usually not more than 500
maunds (19 tonne)
District An administrative unit comprising several thanas
Division An administrative unit comprising several administrative districts
Duar Scour hole in river bed which provides habitat for fish and river dolphins
Haat Riverine landing or assembly place
Haor Haors are bowl-shaped depressions of considerable aerial extent lying between
the natural levees of rivers or high lands of the northeast region of Bangladesh.
In most cases, haors have formed as a result of peripheral faulting leading to the
depression of haor areas. During the wet season, the haors are full of water, but
during the dry season, they dry up except for the beels.
Hijal Type of water tolerant tree
Household Family unit that shares common resources for cooking and eating
Jalmohal Waterbody used for fishery
Kanda Highland on the haors, used for cattle grazing, cropping or rice threshing
Kharif season Monsoon crop season. Cropping season between March-October, often divided
into Kharif I (March-June) and Kharif II (July-August).
Khal Local name for a drainage channel connecting beels
Khas Government owned land or waterbodies
Koroch A type of water-tolerant tree
Mauza Land revenue boundary consisting of land plots
Rabi season Cropping season between November and February
T. Aman Transplanted Aman
Taka (Tk) Unit of Bangladeshi currency, I US $ = 75 taka (approx.)
Union Geo-administrative unit under an upazila comprising several villages/wards
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
BADC Bangladesh Agricultural Development Corporation
BARC Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council
BHWDB Bangladesh Haor and Wetland Development Board
BWDB Bangladesh Water Development Board
CEGIS Center for Environmental and Geographic Information Services
DA Development Area
DAE Department of Agricultural Extension
DOE Department of Environment
DPHE Department of Public Health Engineering
DUT Delft University of Technology
FAP Flood Action Plan
FGD Focused Group Discussion
FPCO Flood Plan Coordination Organisation
GIS Geographic Information System
IBRD International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
ICRD Integrated Coastal Resources Database
ICZMPP Integrated Coastal Zone Management Plan Project
IFCDR Institute of Flood Control and Drainage Research
IMO International Maritime Organisation
IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
IUCN International Union for Conservation of Nature
IWFM Institute of Water and Flood Management
IWM Institute of Water Modeling
KII Key Informant Interview
LGED Local Government Engineering Department
MIDP Municipal Infrastructure Development Plan
MOC Ministry of Communication
MOCAT Ministry of Civil Aviation and Tourism
MOEF Ministry of Environment and Forest
MoF&DM Ministry of Food and Disaster Management
MOFL Ministry of Fisheries and Livestocks
MOH&P Ministry of Housing and Public works
MOHFW Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
MOI Ministry of Industries
MOL Ministry of Land
MOLE Ministry of Labour and Employment
MOLGRD&C Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Co-operatives
MOPE&MR Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources
MOSICT Ministry of Science and Information & Communication Technology
MOTJ Ministry of Textile and Jute
MOWCA Ministry of Women and Children Affairs Bangladesh
NGO Non-Governmental Organisation
Acronyms and Abbreviations
NINA Norwegian Institute for Nature Research
NWRD National Water Resources Database
PRA Participatory Rural Appraisal
RRA Rapid Rural Appraisal
SRDI Soil Resources Development Institute
WARPO Water Resources Planning Organisation
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Table of Contents

Glossary ................................................................................................................................................... v
Acronyms and Abbreviations ................................................................................................................ vii
Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i
List of Figures .......................................................................................................................................... v
List of Tables ......................................................................................................................................... vii
Chapter 1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 1
1.1 Background ............................................................................................................................. 1
1.2 Goal and Objectives .............................................................................................................. 12
1.2.1 Goal ............................................................................................................................... 12
1.2.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 12
Chapter 2 Participatory Planning Process .......................................................................................... 13
2.1 Approach ............................................................................................................................... 13
2.2 Framework for Planning Process .......................................................................................... 13
2.3 Participatory Approach in the Planning Process ................................................................... 15
2.4 Types of Consultation and Stakeholders .............................................................................. 15
2.4.1 Public Consultations ...................................................................................................... 15
2.4.2 Agency Consultations .................................................................................................... 18
2.4.3 Bi-lateral discussions ..................................................................................................... 18
2.5 Participatory Action Plan Development (PAPD) Process ...................................................... 18
Chapter 3 Overview of Problems and Issues ..................................................................................... 21
3.1 Problem Identification .......................................................................................................... 21
3.2 Major Problem ...................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.1 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 22
3.2.2 Agriculture..................................................................................................................... 22
3.2.3 Fisheries ........................................................................................................................ 22
3.2.4 Pearl Culture ................................................................................................................. 23
3.2.5 Livestock ........................................................................................................................ 23
3.2.6 Forest ............................................................................................................................ 24
3.2.7 Education ...................................................................................................................... 24
3.2.8 Health ............................................................................................................................ 25
3.2.9 Water Supply & Sanitation ............................................................................................ 25
3.2.10 Transportation .............................................................................................................. 26
3.2.11 Housing & Settlement ................................................................................................... 26
3.2.12 Industry ......................................................................................................................... 26
3.2.13 Energy and Power ......................................................................................................... 26
3.2.14 Mineral Resources ........................................................................................................ 27
3.2.15 Biodiversity and Wetland Management ....................................................................... 27
3.2.16 Tourism ......................................................................................................................... 27
3.2.17 Social Services & Facilities ............................................................................................. 28
3.3 Prioritisation of Problems ..................................................................................................... 29
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Table of Contents
3.4 Cross cutting issues ............................................................................................................... 39
Chapter 4 Review of Policies, Strategies and Plans ........................................................................... 41
4.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 41
4.2 Review of National Policies ................................................................................................... 41
4.3 Review of National Strategy .................................................................................................. 51
4.4 Review of Plans ..................................................................................................................... 53
4.5 Multilateral Environmental Agreements .............................................................................. 60
4.6 Policy Directives for the Master Plan .................................................................................... 62
Chapter 5 Context of the Plan ........................................................................................................... 63
5.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 63
5.2 Analytical Framework of the Plan ......................................................................................... 63
5.2.1 Definition of haors ........................................................................................................ 63
5.2.2 Delineation of haor areas .............................................................................................. 65
5.2.3 Identification of Development Areas ............................................................................ 65
5.3 Physical Setting ..................................................................................................................... 66
5.3.1 Geology and topography............................................................................................... 66
5.3.2 Soil and Landuse ........................................................................................................... 68
5.3.3 Climate .......................................................................................................................... 74
5.3.4 River Morphology ......................................................................................................... 77
5.3.5 Transboundary River System ........................................................................................ 78
5.3.6 River System .................................................................................................................. 78
5.4 Human Resources ................................................................................................................. 82
5.4.1 Total population ............................................................................................................ 82
5.4.2 Urbanisation .................................................................................................................. 82
5.4.3 Poverty incidence .......................................................................................................... 82
5.4.4 Employment status ....................................................................................................... 86
5.4.5 Landless population ...................................................................................................... 86
5.4.6 Occupation .................................................................................................................... 86
5.4.7 Land ownership ............................................................................................................. 87
5.5 Natural Resources ................................................................................................................. 87
5.5.1 Water Resources ........................................................................................................... 87
5.5.2 Forest ............................................................................................................................ 90
5.5.3 Biodiversity and Wetland .............................................................................................. 93
5.5.4 Mineral Resources ........................................................................................................ 97
5.6 Economic Resources ........................................................................................................... 100
5.6.1 Primary Productive Area ............................................................................................. 100
5.6.2 Major Service Areas .................................................................................................... 115
Chapter 6 Development Context ..................................................................................................... 147
6.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 147
6.2 Resources ............................................................................................................................ 147
6.2.1 Human Resources ....................................................................................................... 147
6.2.2 Economic resources .................................................................................................... 150
6.2.3 Natural Resources ....................................................................................................... 152
6.3 Driving Forces ...................................................................................................................... 154
6.3.1 Pressure on Agriculture Land ...................................................................................... 154
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