Massage for Therapists: A guide to soft tissue therapy, Third edition

217 Pages·2009·28.91 MB·English

Massage for Therapists
Massage for Therapists: A guide to soft tissue therap y , Third edition By Margaret Hollis, Edited by Elisabeth Jones
© 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd ISBN: 978-1-405-15916-6
Massage for Therapists
A guide to soft tissue therapy
Third edition
Margaret Hollis
Edited by Elisabeth Jones
A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication
This edition fi rst published 2009
© 2009 by Blackwell Publishing Ltd
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Massage for therapists : a guide to soft tissue therapy. – 3rd ed. / edited by Elisabeth Jones.
p. ; cm.
Rev. ed. of: Massage for therapists / Margaret Hollis. 2nd ed. 1998.
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 978-1-4051-5916-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. Massage therapy. I. Jones, Elisabeth, 1939– II. Hollis,
Margaret. Massage for therapists.
[DNLM: 1. Massage–methods. WB 537 M4146 2009]
RM721.H58 2009
615.8′22–dc22
2009005287
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library.
Set in 9.5/11.5pt Sabon by SNP Best-set Typesetter Ltd., Hong Kong
Printed in Singapore
1 2009
Contents
Foreword xi Trigger points 14
Preface xii Nerve impingement 14
Contributors xiii The nervous system 14
Acknowledgements xvi The CNS 14
The PNS 14
Basic structure of the nervous system 17
I The basis for massage 1 The neuro-endocrine mechanism 17
Entrainment 17
1 Introduction to massage 3 The circulatory system 17
Elisabeth Jones The cardiovascular system 17
Function 17
Western forms of massage 3
Structure 17
Eastern forms of massage 4
Blood pressure 18
Globalisation 4
The lymphatic system 18
Function 18
2 Relevant anatomy and
Structure 18
physiology: an overview 5
The cerebrospinal fl uid system 19
Elisabeth Jones
Function 19
The skin 5 Structure 19
Function 5 Fluid balances 20
Structure 6 The endocrine/hormonal system
Appendages of the skin 7 (ductless glands) 20
Connective tissues 8 Function 20
Piezo-electricity 8 Structure 20
Fluid balances of the skin 8 The effects of stress on the
The musculoskeletal system 8 endocrine system 20
The skeleton 8 The respiratory system 20
Function 10 Function 20
Muscles 10 Structure 20
Function 10 External respiration 21
Structure 10 Internal respiration 21
Defi nitions associated with Nervous and chemical control
muscle action 13 of respiration 21
Refl exes 13 The digestive system 21
Common terms 13 Function 21
Anatomical position 14 Structure 21
Common terms 14 The energy system 21
vi Contents
3 Evidence-based effects, risk Palpation and skill 58
awareness and contraindications Specifi c soft tissue mobilisations
for massage 23 (SSTMs) 59
Dr David Lee and Carol Young*
5 Preparation for massage 60
Mechanical effects 24
Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
Physiological effects 24
Physiological effects on the Self preparation 60
circulatory system 24 Hand exercises 62
Physiological effects on the Relaxation 62
nervous system 27 The environment 63
Alpha motoneuron excitability 27 Contact mediums 63
Pain 28 Powder 63
Physiological effects on the Oils 63
musculoskeletal system 30 Liquid oils 63
Psychological effects 32 Creams 63
Summary of the mechanisms of massage Water-based lubricants 64
therapy 36 Soap and water 64
Massage in vulnerable groups – risk Allergic reactions 64
awareness and contraindications 37 Preparation of the patient 64
Contraindications for massage therapy 37 Palpation and developing sensory
awareness 65
Examination of the part 66
II The application of massage 43 Ticklish subjects 66
4 Examination and assessment 45 6 Massage manipulations 67
Ann Thomson Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
Treatment planning 45 Effl eurage 67
Examination of patients 45 Stroking 68
Assessing fi ndings 46 Petrissage 69
Clinical reasoning 46 Kneading 69
Clinical features that may guide the Picking up 73
therapist towards the possible Wringing 74
sources/causes of patients’ Rolling 75
problems (the ‘genics’) 47 Muscle shaking 77
Determining the indications for massage 49 Frictions 77
Aspects of examination and Circular frictions 77
assessment that relate to massage 49 Transverse frictions 77
Observation and palpation using Tapôtement (percussion) 78
massage strokes to identify Hacking 79
indications 49 Clapping 79
Observation and palpation using Vibrations 80
massage strokes to identify Beating 80
contraindications 54 Pounding 80
Measuring change and outcome Tapping 81
measures 55
Examination and assessment recording 55
7 Massage to the upper limb 82
Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
* From the chapter by Janice M. Warriner and the late Alison
M. Walker in the second edition of this book (Hollis Preparation of the patient 82
1998). For a treatment in sitting position 82
Contents vii
For a treatment in lying position 82 Wringing 102
To elevate the arm 82 The thigh 102
Effl eurage 83 The calf 102
To the whole limb 83 Muscle shaking 102
Part strokes 83 The thigh 102
Kneading 85 The calf 103
Double-handed alternate kneading 85 Skin rolling and skin wringing 103
Single-handed kneading 86 The knee 103
Finger kneading 87 Hacking and clapping 103
Thumb kneading 87 The thigh 104
Picking up 88 The calf 104
Wringing 90 The anterior tibial and peroneal
Muscle shaking 91 muscles 105
Muscle rolling 91
Hacking and clapping 91
9 Massage to the back, gluteal
region and neck 106
8 Massage to the lower limb 93 Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
The thoracolumbar region 106
Preparation of the patient 93 Preparation of the patient 106
Preparation of the treatment couch 93 Preparation of the treatment couch 106
Treatment of the lower limb with the Treatment of the patient in prone lying 106
patient supine 93 Effl eurage 106
Treatment of the lower limb with the Kneading 107
patient prone 93 Alternate, double-handed kneading 108
Effl eurage 94 Single-handed kneading 109
To the whole limb 94 Superimposed kneading 109
Part strokes 96 Thumb kneading 109
Kneading 97 Finger kneading 110
The thigh 97 Skin rolling 110
Round the knee 98 Wringing 111
Thumb kneading round the patella 98 Muscle rolling 111
Finger kneading the knee 98 Hacking and clapping 112
The calf muscles 98 The gluteal region 112
Palmar kneading the anterior Preparation of the patient 112
tibial muscles 99 Effl eurage 113
Palmar kneading the peronei 99 Kneading 113
The foot 99 Superimposed kneading 113
Thumb kneading the anterior Frictions 113
tibial muscles 99 Circular frictions 113
Thumb kneading the peroneal Picking up 114
muscles 99 Wringing 114
Thumb kneading the dorsum of Hacking and clapping 114
the foot 100 The neck 115
Thumb kneading the sole of the foot 100 Client in prone lying 115
Thumb kneading the interosseous Client in lying 115
spaces 100 Client in side lying 115
Thumb and fi nger kneading the toes 100 Client in forward lean sitting 115
Picking up 100 Effl eurage 116
The thigh 100 Kneading 116
The calf 102 Picking up 117
viii Contents
Muscle rolling 118 Occupational situations 131
Hacking and clapping 118 Pre natal, labour and post natal 132
Babies 132
10 Massage to the face and scalp 119 Children 133
Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones The older population 133
Learning disabilities 133
Preparation of the patient 119
Mental health 134
Face massage 119
Physical disabilities 134
Effl eurage 119
Neuromuscular-skeletal conditions 134
Kneading 121
Neurological conditions 135
Wringing 121
Cancer care 135
Plucking 121
Contraindications/precautions 135
Tapping 122
HIV/AIDS 136
Vibrations 122
Pain 136
Exit foramina of the trigeminal nerve 122
Respiratory conditions 136
Over the sinuses 123
Reconstructive surgery 137
Muscle stretching 123
Scar management 137
Occipitofrontalis 123
Desensitisation 137
Clapping 123
Oedema management 137
To the platysma 123
Scalp massage 124
Effl eurage/stroking 124
III Some specialised techniques 139
Kneading 124
Vibrations 124
13 Some types of massage and soft
tissue therapies 141
11 Massage to the abdomen 125
Elisabeth Jones
Margaret Hollis and Elisabeth Jones
Active release technique (ART) 141
Preparation of the patient 125
Acupressure 141
Palpation 125
Animal massage 141
Effl eurage 126
Aromatherapy 142
Kneading 126
Ayurvedic massage 142
Vibrations 126
Bio-energy therapies 142
Brisk lift stroking and shaking 126
Bowen therapy 142
Stroking 127
Classical massage 143
The ascending colon 127
Connective tissue manipulation (CTM) 143
The transverse colon 127
Craniosacral therapy 143
The descending colon 127
Heller work 143
Kneading 127
Indian head massage 143
The ascending colon 127
Lomi lomi 144
The descending colon 128
Manual lymph drainage (MLD) 144
Rolling 128
Muscle energy technique (MET) 144
Skin wringing 128
Myofascial release (MFR) 144
Points to be observed 128
Neuromuscular therapy 145
Periosteal massage 145
12 Uses of classical massage in some
Pin and stretch 145
health care settings: an overview 130
Polarity therapy 145
Elisabeth Jones
Positional release 145
Stress 130 Proprioceptive neuromuscular
Depression 131 facilitation (PNF) 145
Anxiety 131 Hold relax (HR) (contract relax) 146
Contents ix
Auto hold relax 146 Post-competition massage 157
Repeated contractions (RC) 146 Post-travel massage 158
Combining repeated contractions Non-specifi c sports massage 159
with soft tissue techniques 146 General body massage 159
Slow reversals (SR) 146 Specifi c areas of massage 160
Stabilisations 146 Summary 160
Refl exology 147 Case study 161
Rolfi ng (structural integration) 147
Segment massage 147
15 Aromatherapy 163
Shiatsu 147
Elisabeth Jones
Soft tissue release (STR) 147
Specifi c soft tissue mobilisations Introduction 163
(SSTMs) 147 Historical uses of essential oils 163
Specifi c stretch 148 Egyptians: 3000–1500 BC 163
Sports massage 148 Greeks: 500–40 BC 163
Swedish massage 148 Europeans 163
Thai massage (Thai yoga massage) 148 Essential oils 164
Therapeutic touch 148 Basic chemistry 164
Trager 148 Mind and body 164
Transcadence massage 149 Extraction methods 165
Trigger point release 149 A working knowledge of
Tuina/tui na (pronounced tweena) 149 essential oils 165
Vibrational therapy (VT) 149 Methods of administering
Zero balancing 150 essential oils 166
Olfaction 166
Inhalation 166
14 Massage in sport 151
Skin absorption 167
Joan M. Watt
Ingestion 168
Basic rules of sports massage 151 Glossary of terms and properties of
Diagnosis 151 some essential oils 168
History 151 The practical application of
Contraindications 151 essential oils 168
Aims of treatment 151 Olfaction/inhalation 168
Position 152 Skin absorption 168
Materials 152 Ingestion 168
Skin preparation 152 The holistic approach 168
Joint position 152 Aromatherapy massage 170
Technique 152 Lymphatic drainage 170
Check with the participant 152 Neuromuscular massage 171
Clean up 152 Acupressure 171
Warn the participant 152 Effects and uses of aromatherapy
Massage manipulations in sports massage 171
massage 152 Muscle tension 171
Acupressure 152 Blood circulation 171
Trigger pointing 153 Pain 171
Ice massage 153 Fatigue 171
Specifi c sports massage 153 Infection 171
Massage in conditioning 153 Relaxation 171
Massage as a treatment 154 One-to-one care 171
Pre-competition massage 155 Support for staff and carers 171
Inter-competition massage 156 Sleep 172
x Contents
General wellbeing 172 How to apply pressure 187
Pregnancy/childbirth/baby care 172 Professional development of the therapist 188
The elderly 172 Conclusions 188
Consultation procedures 172 Glossary 188
Verbal 172
Visual 173
17 Myofascial release and beyond 190
Tactile 173
Ann Childs and Stuart Robinson
Personality type 173
Other information 173 Introduction to the fascial matrix 190
Oils 173 Aims of the MFR approach 190
Contraindications 174 Palpation philosophy and possible
Hazards 174 barriers to effectiveness 191
Oils not to be used at all in therapy 174 Exercises to enhance palpatory skills 191
Oils never to be used on the skin 175 Exercise 1: Attuning whole and
Oils not to be used with patients bilateral hand sensitivity 191
who have epilepsy 175 Exercise 2: Enhancing palpatory
Pregnancy 175 sensitivity 192
Precautions 175 Exercise 3: Palpating fascial glide 192
Blending of oils and formulation 176 Exercise 4: Infl uence of palpation
Basic formula 176 and body tension 192
Preparation of the patient 176 Exercise 5: Palpation changes
Treatment by aromatherapy massage 177 with different states of mind 192
Case study 177 Exercise 6: Identifi cation and
Purity of essential oils 177 documentation of fascial
Storage 177 restrictions 192
Conclusion 178 Exercise 7: Identifi cation of the
dominant holding pattern in
the body 192
16 Shiatsu – the Japanese healing
Myofascial release techniques 193
art of touch 179
A sustained stretch technique 193
Andrea Battermann
Contraindications 193
Introduction 179 Beyond the anatomy 193
What is shiatsu? 179 Involving the mind and feelings 193
History 179 An exploration of suggested rationale
Introduction to oriental medicine 180 and their clinical implications 194
Diagnostic methods 180 Responsive biomechanical model 194
Four forms of diagnosis 180 Neural-mechanoreceptor model 194
Shiatsu theory 181 Gel-to-sol model 194
Basic principles and techniques Piezo-electric model 194
of shiatsu 181 Trauma release model 195
Clinical indications 182 Evidence of effectiveness in clinical
Contraindications 183 practice 195
Cautions 183 So what do we feel with our hands? 196
Physiological effects associated Future implications 196
with shiatsu 183
Case study: self-shiatsu massage 183
The self-shiatsu routine 184 Index 199
Foreword

Congratulations! You are reading a book which has My hope for you as a reader of this book is that
the potential to educate your hands, improve your you will come to understand the three basic princi-
massage techniques and increase your understand- ples of massage as a touch therapy. First, as a
ing of touch and its related therapies. therapist you will be acquiring, through your hands,
As someone who has taught massage, I know an in - depth knowledge of your patients and their
how immensely useful the book Massage for tissues. You will then use this knowledge to apply
Therapists can be, and I am delighted that this latest the procedures correctly and in such a way that you
edition is going to give a new generation the oppor- help the body to heal. Relief from pain and discom-
tunity to benefi t from Margaret Hollis’ s knowledge fort through touch is an instinctive human reaction,
and expertise. When Margaret initially wrote this but it has to be sensitively and thoughtfully admin-
book it was aimed particularly at physiotherapy istered to achieve its full potential. You use your
students, as she had taught many in her capacity as educated hands!
Head of the Bradford School of Physiotherapy, but Second, from the patient’ s perspective there must
what she has to say is just as important and relevant be a feeling of trust in the therapist. This stems
to anyone embarking on a career involving massage initially from the two - way exchange of information
and soft tissue therapies. It is testament to the during the assessment, followed by the receiving of
appeal of the earlier editions that this book has the right depth and presssure of touch, and an
been translated into many languages, and I well explanation of the particular techniques. This
remember Margaret’ s delight that her book was then allows the patient to react positively to the
helping students throughout the world to improve treatment.
their knowledge of how to massage safely and Third, this book should provide a realisation that
effectively, and understand the reasons for the this basic knowledge is the ground rock on which
treatment. all other therapies are based, giving you the key
In this updated version we are indebted to to much greater understanding and ability to
Elisabeth Jones and her eminent band of co- improve the human condition.
contributors for the excellent additions to Margaret ’ s I wish you good luck in your quest, sensitivity in
earlier work. Their contributions provide an your fi ngertips and a focused mind to absorb the
updated evidence base for massage, a comprehen- knowledge within.
sive guide to assessing patients, and an insight into
the many branches that have ‘ sprouted ’ from the Tessa Campbell MCSP, HPS, MIFPA
massage ‘ root ’ . These have led to the numerous soft Chairman of the Chartered Physiotherapists in
tissue therapies that are so important in health and Massage and Soft Tissue Therapies (CPMaSTT)
well - being today.